Serial Port Complete COM Ports USB Virtual COM Ports

and Ports for Embedded Systems Second Edition Jan

Axelson - Downloadable PDF 2025

[Link]
virtual-com-ports-and-ports-for-embedded-systems-second-edition-jan-
axelson/

Visit [Link] today to download the complete set of

ebooks or textbooks
Here are some recommended products that we believe you will be
interested in. You can click the link to download.

Frommer s Cruises Ports of Call 2007 From U S Canadian

Home Ports to the Caribbean Alaska Hawaii More Hannafin

[Link]
call-2007-from-u-s-canadian-home-ports-to-the-caribbean-alaska-hawaii-
more-hannafin/

USB Complete Everything You Need to Develop Custom USB

Peripherals Third Edition Axelson J.

[Link]
develop-custom-usb-peripherals-third-edition-axelson-j/

Frommer s Alaska Cruises and Ports of Call 2011 Frommer s

Cruises 6th Edition Fran Wenograd Golden

[Link]
call-2011-frommer-s-cruises-6th-edition-fran-wenograd-golden/

Shipping and ports in the twenty first century

globalisation technological change and the environment 1st
Edition David Pinder
[Link]
first-century-globalisation-technological-change-and-the-
environment-1st-edition-david-pinder/
Italians to America March 1903 April 1903 List of
Passengers Arriving at U S Ports 22nd Edition Ira A.
Glazier
[Link]
march-1903-april-1903-list-of-passengers-arriving-at-u-s-ports-22nd-
edition-ira-a-glazier/

Embedded systems Second Edition D.

[Link]

Italians to America Volume 21 November 1902 March 1903

List of Passengers Arriving at U S Ports First Edition Ira
A. Glazier
[Link]
volume-21-november-1902-march-1903-list-of-passengers-arriving-at-u-s-
ports-first-edition-ira-a-glazier/

AskMen com Presents The Style Bible The 11 Rules for

Building a Complete and Timeless Wardrobe First Edition
James Bassil
[Link]
the-11-rules-for-building-a-complete-and-timeless-wardrobe-first-
edition-james-bassil/

Colloquial English 1 A complete English language course

Audio 1 Pap/Com edition Edition Gareth King

[Link]
english-language-course-audio-1-pap-com-edition-edition-gareth-king/
Serial Port Complete COM Ports USB Virtual COM
Ports and Ports for Embedded Systems Second Edition
Jan Axelson Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Jan Axelson
ISBN(s): 9781931448079, 1931448078
Edition: Second Edition
File Details: PDF, 4.88 MB
Year: 2007
Language: english
 Serial Port
Complete
COM Ports,
USB Virtual COM Ports,
and
Ports for Embedded Systems
Second Edition
Jan Axelson

Lakeview Research LLC

Madison, WI 53704
Serial Port Complete:
COM Ports, USB Virtual COM Ports, and Ports for Embedded Systems
Second Edition
Jan Axelson
Copyright 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2007 by Janet L. Axelson
All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book, except the code examples, may be
reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of
the publisher. The code examples may be stored and executed in a computer system and
may be incorporated into computer programs developed by the reader.
The information, computer programs, schematic diagrams, documentation, and other
material in this book are provided “as is,” without warranty of any kind, expressed or
implied, including without limitation any warranty concerning the accuracy, adequacy, or
completeness of the material or the results obtained from using the material. Neither the
publisher nor the author shall be responsible for any claims attributable to errors, omissions,
or other inaccuracies in the material in this book. In no event shall the publisher or author
be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages in connection
with, or arising out of, the construction, performance, or other use of the materials con-
tained herein.
MPLAB, PICDEM, and PIC are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Inc. in the
U.S.A. and other countries. Other product and company names mentioned herein may be
trademarks of their respective holders.
Published by Lakeview Research LLC, 5310 Chinook Ln., Madison WI 53704
On the web at [Link]
Distributed by Independent Publishers Group ([Link]).
14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

ISBN 978-1931448-07-9
Print ISBN: 9781931448062
%QPVGPVU
+PVTQFWEVKQPZKKK
#EMPQYNGFIOGPVUZKZ
 1RVKQPUCPF%JQKEGU
9JGPVQWUGC5GTKCN2QTV
Advantages 2
Limits 4
5[UVGO%QORQPGPVU
The Computers 4
The Physical Link 6
Programming 6
#RRNKECVKQPU
Example Systems 8
Managing Communications 9
Special-purpose Modules 9

iii
 (QTOCVUCPF2TQVQEQNU
5GPFKPI5GTKCN&CVC
Asynchronous and Synchronous Communications 11
Word Formats 12
Bit Rate and Baud Rate 13
System Support for Low-level Protocols 14
5GPFKPI$KVU
The Format 15
The Need for Accurate Timing 15
Autodetecting the Bit Rate 17
Autodetecting a COM Port 18
&CVC(QTOCVU
Binary Data 18
Text Data 19
ASCII Hex 22
Application-specific Protocols 24
2TGXGPVKPI/KUUGF&CVC
Flow Control 26
Buffers 27
Event-driven Programming and Polling 28
Acknowledgments 29
Error Checking 29

 %1/2QTVUQP2%U
2QTV#TEJKVGEVWTG
Device Manager 31
Port Resources 36
Serial Servers 37
#EEGUUKPI2QTVU
Drivers 38
Identifying Ports 39
GUIDs for COM Ports 39
COM Port Numbering 40
INF Files 40
Options for Application Programming 41

iv
 +PUKFG45
6JG*CTFYCTG+PVGTHCEG
Signals 43
Voltages 46
Timing Limits 48
%QPXGTVKPI8QNVCIGU
Interface Chips 49
Short-range Circuits 53
2QTVRQYGTGF%KTEWKVU
Using Outputs as a Power Source 56
Regulating the Voltage 57
#NVGTPCVG+PVGTHCEGU
Direct Connection 58
Other Unbalanced Interfaces 58

 &GUKIPKPI45.KPMU
%QPPGEVQTUCPF#FCRVGTU
Connector Options 62
Adapters 63
Using Microcontroller Development Boards 65
%CDNGU
Length Limits 67
Surge Protection 69
+UQNCVGF.KPGU
Ways to Achieve Isolation 70
About Grounds 70
Power Supply Grounds 72
Optoisolating 75
&GDWIIKPI6QQNU
Using a Breakout Box 76
Monitoring with a Voltmeter 77
Oscilloscopes and Logic Analyzers 78

v
 +PUKFG45
#DQWV45
Balanced and Unbalanced Lines 80
Voltage Requirements 84
Current and Power 85
Speed 87
Internal Protection Circuits 88
+PVGTHCEKPI1RVKQPU
Chips 89
Adding a Port on a PC 91
Converting 3.3/5V Logic 91
Converting RS-232 93
%QPVTQNNKPIVJG&TKXGT'PCDNG
Re-enabling the Driver 97
Software-assisted Control 97
Hardware Control 99

 &GUKIPKPI45.KPMUCPF0GVYQTMU
.QPICPF5JQTV.KPGU
When Is a Line Long? 106
Calculating Line Length 109
Choosing a Driver Chip 111
.KPG6GTOKPCVKQPU
Characteristic Impedance 112
Adding a Termination 113
Effects of Terminations 115
Reflections 117
Series Terminations 122
Terminations for Short Lines 122
AC Terminations 123
Network Topologies 125
$KCUKPIVJG.KPG
Open-circuit Protection 127
Short-circuit Protection 130

vi
 %CDNG6[RGU
How a Wire Picks Up Noise 132
Twisted-pair Cable 133
Selecting Cable 133
)TQWPFUCPF&KHHGTGPVKCN.KPGU
Ensuring a Common Ground 134
Isolated Lines 137
7UKPI/WNVKRNG$WUGU
Adding a Repeater 141
Implementing a Star Topology 141

 )QKPI9KTGNGUU
/GFKCCPF/QFWNCVKQP
Using a Carrier Frequency 146
Spread Spectrum Technology 147
Ensuring Reliable Transfers 147
+PHTCTGF
Transmitters and Receivers 148
IrDA 149
4CFKQ(TGSWGPE[
Complying with Regulations 149
Choosing an RF Band 150
Implementing a Link 151
Using Other RF Standards 152

 7UKPI0'6ŏU5GTKCN2QTV%NCUU
)CKPKPI#EEGUUVQC2QTV
Finding Ports 156
Opening a Port 156
Timeouts 160
Receive Threshold 161
Closing a Port 161
6TCPUHGTTKPI&CVC
Transferring Bytes 167
Transferring Text 170

vii
 7UKPI5VTGCO1DLGEVU
BinaryReader and BinaryWriter 177
StreamReader and StreamWriter 182
5CXKPIC2QTVCPF2CTCOGVGTU
The Application Settings Architecture 186
Combo Box Example 187

 /CPCIKPI2QTVUCPF6TCPUHGTUKP0'6
4GEGKXKPI&CVC
Setting Timeouts 190
Detecting Received Data 190
Collecting Received Data 197
Ensuring Efficient Transfers 202
5GPFKPI&CVC
Avoiding Timeouts 203
Sending without Blocking the Application 203
Preventing Buffer Overflows 207
Ensuring Efficient Transfers 208
(NQY%QPVTQN
Selecting a Method 209
Monitoring and Controlling the Signals 209
*CPFNKPI'TTQTU
Exceptions 214
The ErrorReceived Event 214
Verifying Received Data 218
5VTWEVWTKPICP#RRNKECVKQP
Defining a ComPorts Class 218
Setting Parameters with Combo Boxes 221
Defining Application-specific Events 224

 2QTVUHQT'ODGFFGF5[UVGOU
#/KETQEQPVTQNNGT5GTKCN2QTV
About the PIC18F4520 230
The Enhanced UART 230

viii
 4GIKUVGTU
Configuring and Accessing the Port 231
Setting the Bit Rate 234
Interrupts 237
Basic Operations 239
#EEGUUKPIC2QTV
Configuring the Port 241
Sending Data 243
Receiving Data 244
Using Interrupts 253
Using Flow Control 256
#FFKPI2QTVU
Multiple On-chip UARTs 263
Firmware UARTs 263
External UARTs 263

 0GVYQTM2TQITCOOKPI
/CPCIKPI6TCHHKE
Steps in Exchanging a Message 268
Protocols 268
Using Existing Protocols 270
Debugging Tips 271
#FFTGUUKPI
Assigning Addresses 272
Detecting Addresses 272
Reserving Address Values 273
Defining a Message Format 273
9-bit Format 274

 #P450GVYQTM
%QPPGEVKPIVJG0QFGU
Transceivers 281
Terminating and Biasing 283
Cabling 283
'ZCORNG2TQVQEQN
Addresses 283
Message Format 283

ix
 %QOOCPFU
Reading a Byte 284
Writing a Byte 286
2QNNKPIVJG0QFGU
Configuring the Driver-enable Line 287
Sending Commands 288
4GURQPFKPIVQ2QNNU
Auxiliary Routines 291
Decoding Received Data 303

 +PUKFG75$
*QUVUCPF&GXKEGU
Assigning a Driver on the Host 318
Requirements 318
Host Responsibilities 319
Device Responsibilities 319
Speed 320
Endpoints 320
75$6TCPUHGTU
Transfer Types 321
Transactions 322
The Data Toggle 323

 7UKPI5RGEKCNHWPEVKQP75$%QPVTQNNGTU
+PUKFGVJG%JKRU
Serial Interface (FT232R) 326
Parallel Interface (FT245R) 328
Prototyping Modules 329
7UKPIVJG%QPVTQNNGTU
Drivers 330
Adding Vendor-specific Data 330
Implementing a Virtual COM Port 331
Converting from RS-232 to USB 332

x
 7UKPI)GPGTKE75$%QPVTQNNGTU
6JG%QOOWPKECVKQP&GXKEGU%NCUU
Documentation 336
Overview 336
Device Controllers 338
Host Drivers 338
7UKPIVJG#DUVTCEV%QPVTQN/QFGN
POTS Models 339
Virtual COM Ports 340
Requests 341
Notifications 344
Maximizing Performance 345
&GUETKRVQTUCPF+0((KNGU
Device Descriptor 346
Configuration Descriptor 346
Communication Class Interface Descriptors 351
Data Class Interface Descriptors 353
String Descriptors 355
The INF File 356
Composite Devices 356

+PFGZ

xi
This page intentionally left blank
+PVTQFWEVKQP
When I wrote the first edition of this book, the RS-232 serial port was the
workhorse of PC interfaces. Modems and scores of other peripherals connected
to PCs via the serial ports that were present on every machine.
When the Universal Serial Bus (USB) took hold in the late 1990s, many pre-
dicted that serial ports would soon be obsolete. Plenty of peripherals that for-
merly used the serial port have switched to USB. But some devices can’t use
USB or have requirements that USB alone can’t provide. Many embedded sys-
tems use serial ports because they’re inexpensive and less complex to program
compared to USB. Serial ports can use longer cables than USB allows. And the
RS-485 serial interface supports networks suitable for many monitoring and
control applications.
While most PCs no longer have built-in serial (COM) ports, the ports are easy
to add via USB converters. With converters, the number of expansion slots no
longer limits the number of serial ports a system can have. The SerialPort class
included in Microsoft’s .NET Framework shows that PC applications continue
to find COM-port communications useful.

xiii
9JCVŏU+PUKFG
This book explores wide and varied territory, including hardware and software;
ports in PCs and in embedded systems; and RS-232, RS-485, and wireless
interfaces. You don’t need to read the book straight through. If you’re interested
in a particular topic, you can skip right to it.
The first chapters focus on hardware and interfacing. Chapters 1–2 are an
introduction to asynchronous serial communications. Chapter 3 discusses serial
ports in PCs, and chapters 4–8 are a guide to interfacing using RS-232,
RS-485, and wireless technologies.
The next chapters are a guide to programming. Chapters 9–10 show how to
program serial ports on PCs using Visual Basic .NET and Visual C# .NET.
Chapter 11 shows how to program serial ports for embedded systems with
examples for microEngineering Labs’s PICBASIC PRO compiler and Micro-
chip Technology’s MPLAB® C18 C compiler.
Chapters 12–13 focus on hardware and programming for RS-485 serial net-
works.
Chapters 14–16 explain how to implement USB virtual COM ports using spe-
cial-purpose and generic USB controllers.
If you’re looking for example code, see the entries under code example (embed-
ded) and code example (PC) in the index.

9JCVŏU0GYKPVJG5GEQPF'FKVKQP
Much has happened in the world of computing since the first edition of this
book was released. For this second edition, I’ve revised and updated the con-
tents from start to finish.
One addition is example code in C/C# as well as Basic. This book includes
code examples for PCs and for embedded systems (microcontrollers).
Also new in the Second Edition are these topics:
• Designing and programming USB virtual COM ports.
• Using wireless technologies to transmit serial data.
• Accessing serial ports over Ethernet or Wi-Fi networks.
• Transferring any kind of text data using Unicode encoding.

xiv
9JQ5JQWNF4GCFVJKU$QQM!
Whether your interest is hardware or software and whether you work with PCs,
embedded systems, or both, you’ll find useful guidance in this book.
Programmers will learn how to communicate via serial ports, including USB
virtual COM ports, in PCs and embedded systems. The example code for PCs
and microcontrollers in Basic and C/C# provides a quick start for a variety of
applications.
Circuit designers will find designs for a variety of applications including con-
verters that translate between RS-232, RS-485, and 3V/5V logic. Designs with
fail-safe features, high noise immunity, and low power consumption are
included.
Hobbyists and experimenters will find inspiration for projects.
Teachers and students can learn about serial ports and use the examples in this
book to demonstrate concepts.
This book assumes you have a basic knowledge of electronics and either
Basic/Visual Basic or C/C# programming. I assume no previous knowledge or
experience with serial-port hardware or programming.

'ZCORNG%QFGCPF7RFCVGU
At the start of each code example, a sidehead indicates the programming lan-
guage used:

5KFGJGCF 2TQITCOOKPI.CPIWCIG 2TQXKFGT

VB Visual Basic .NET Microsoft
VC# Visual C# .NET Microsoft
PBP PICBASIC PRO microEngineering Labs, Inc.
C18 MPLAB C18 compiler Microchip Technology Inc.

Example applications are available for free download from [Link]. This
is also the place to find updates, corrections, and other links to information and
tools for serial-port applications.

xv
#DDTGXKCVKQPU
This book uses the following abbreviations to express quantities and units:

/WNVKRNKGTU

#DDTGXKCVKQP &GUETKRVKQP 8CNWG

p pico 10-12
n nano 10-9
µ micro 10-6
m milli 10-3
k kilo 13
M mega 106

'NGEVTKECN

#DDTGXKCVKQP /GCPKPI
A amperes
F farads
Ω ohms
V volts

6KOG

#DDTGXKCVKQP /GCPKPI
s seconds
hr hours
Hz Hertz (cycles per second)

&KUVCPEG

#DDTGXKCVKQP /GCPKPI
in. inches
ft feet

xvi
bps = bits per second
Some expressions contain multiple units, such as ps (picoseconds) and mA
(milliamperes).

0WODGT5[UVGOU
The following conventions apply to numeric values in the text:
Binary values have a trailing subscript “b”. Example: 10100011b.
Hexadecimal values have a trailing “h”. Example: A3h
All other values are decimal. Example: 163

xvii
This page intentionally left blank
#EMPQYNGFIOGPVU
First, I want to thank the readers of Serial Port Complete’s first edition and the
readers of my other books and articles. This book is much improved due to the
the many suggestions and comments I’ve received from readers over the years.
For help in preparing the second edition, I thank my technical reviewers: John
Hyde for his generosity, encouragement, and good suggestions; Rawin Rojvanit
for once again providing a thoughtful and expert critique; and Tsuneo Chinzei
for sharing his knowledge on USB virtual COM ports. Thanks to Ron Smith
for wonderful circuits and great conversations about RS-485. Thanks to Steve
Drake for helping me see my writing through the eyes of a typical reader. And
thanks to Jim Hughes for taking good photos.
This book is dedicated to Michele, Pat, and Isie.

xix
Another Random Scribd Document
with Unrelated Content
 days, '"But you cannot call a child by so extraordinary a
name/' ''Yes, Sir, if you please, you see it is out eighth child, and we
want it called Octopus." I have given more time and study to the
early history and origin of these family names, than to the present
families which are now representatives of every state in the Union;
many thousand of whom I do not know and cannot find. I have tried
to get a background for these families who if they wish may trace
back two or three generations and connect. I have had some
criticism from a few of our people who have not given it a thought;
even some who have indicated that they thought it little short on
sinfulness. But my Bible teaches that we should give an account of
our Stewardship, and has as much to say about geneology as
anything else. Moses gave the geneology from the beginning to
Abraham which covers a period of more than three thousand years.
Geneology is found all through the Bible; read it, it is Biblical. "Our
fathers in a wondrous age. Ere yet the earth was small Insured to us
an heritage. And doubted not at all That the children of their heart
Which then did beat so high. In later time should play like part For
our posterity." -—Kipling. "Children's children are the crown of old
men; and the glory of children are their fathers" —Proverbs 17:6
"Like the leaves on the trees the race of man is found. Now green in
youth now withered on the ground; Another race the following
spring supplies; They rise successive, and successive fall: So
generations in their course decay; So flourish these, when those are
passed away." -—Homer. Geneology is not easy to compile, and less
easy to understand by the laymen who have not made it a study;
but must be studied as any text book to get a clear picture of what
is meant to be conveyed. Ill
 Take a dozen jig saw puzzles With fragments jumbled
together, Place them in their proper huddle For they will fit no other.
When each is in its respective place Then the picture is clearly done.
You've won your geneological race, And can tell which is your own.
Worthy Ancestors and descendants are those who have bettered the
race through serving it as individuals. Ancestry is not an end, but a
beginning. It is like the old proverbial needle in a haystack; but I
contend that a needle in a haystack can be found if every straw is
removed one by one. Every geneologist has a way of his own in
studying family history. I have studied many of these histories and
have selected what I think the the best points, and most easily
understood. Since this work is primarily for the families interested^
and not especially for other geneologists, I have refrained from using
unfamiliar terms and abbreviations, too often used by specialists. My
method may not* be the best, but I feel much like the boy whose
father, wishing to know how his son was getting along in school, said
''Son how do you spell Elephant?" "e-l-e-f-a-n-t" was the prompt
reply. "But Tm afraid Mr. Webster would not agree with you an that."
"But you didn't ask how Mr. Webster spelled it, you asked how I
spelt it." retorted the boy. I think the boy spelt it rite. Many writers
use too many silent words as well as silent letters. If you are inclined
to be critical, just remember its the way J do it. Too many
unnecessary references tend to clutter-up the reading, and the
inexperienced cannot get a clear understanding. Most members of
families interested, will believe what you say, or else discredit the
whole thing, references and all. Not many have a chance, or the
time to look up references. IV
 I have tried to get all our present families up-to-date but
circumstances have prohibited getting some. The younger families
have scattered to all parts of the country, and I have not been able
to reach several of them. Besides, I have failed to get cooperation
from a few. If your name has been left out, it was not intentional.
Please forgive me. I love every one of my people. My motto is: Do
all the good you can To all the people you can While you can. and
When o'er life's sea you have finished sail And you retire for final
rest, Tho' ports desired, you seem to fail You'll be glad you did your
best. 'Tove is a driving force. And by this force I have been driven." I
have refrained from eulogies and special praise of any one whose
name is presented here, altho there are many who deserve it. Our
forefathers were among the hundreds of frontiersmen who gave
their lives in making this country a civilized place in which to live.
Some of them have not adorned the pages of history as others, but
no less deservedly. A beautiful story of bravery and devotion could
be written about many of those pioneers whose names the
historians have overlooked. They fought the Indians; they fought for
their liberation from British rule; they fought in all other wars in
which this country has participated; and I forone am ready to
recognize their extensive liberalities. I have read histories of France,
England and Scotland and find that nine hundred years ago, the
Baileys and the Brittons held responsible positions in those
countries; many of them had great wealth and during the reign of
William the Conqueror and his successors. TTiey were classed
among the nobles of those countries. We, their descendants, have ,
inherited principles of righteousness and respectability which is far
better. If you are a worthy descendant you will rejoice in worthy
ancestors. Unfortunately, and lamentable as it may be, not all of our
people have lived up to the standard set by our forefathers; HowV
 ever, the great majority have retained the principles of
honesty and right living laid down for them, for which we are proud
and thankful. This book is not alphabetically indexed, that would be
impractical; but a Table of Contents arranged chronologically from
the beginning by countries, states and counties so that all
connections can easily be found. I regret that, on account of limited
space, that names and records of veterans of late wars cannot be
included. Abbreviations and their meanings: Sic. — as found Ibid. —
the same. s.p. — sine progency. Or without issue. Asterisk —
footnote reference, b. — is sometimes used for born, d. — died.
Circ. — around or near that time. Figures and letters in parenthesis (
) used at the head of each family, denotes generations. vr
 BAILEY I IN THE BEGINNINGGOD MADE MAN IN HIS OWN
IMAGE Since history and genealogy began with Adam and Eve, and
by the will of God, traced far into the long night preceding the dawn
of recorded history, we might as well begin in the Garden of Eden.
The first five chapters of the Book of Genesis gives the story of the
creation of man, and his descendants to the Flood, which covers the
first lap of genealogy, or nearly one third the entire scope of time.
Ninius, the deciple of St. Ellotus (or Elrod, the Bishop of Banger)
writing in 755 A.D., gives the time from the Beginning to the Flood
as 2042 years, and from the Flood to Abraham 942 years, and from
Abraham to Moses 642 years; so we see that Moses, who wrote this
history and genealogy, was covering a period of some 3600 years
from the Beginning. How did Moses know? Why did he write? Moses
was educated in the Court of the King of Egypt, which no doubt
claimed the greatest educators of that day. ‘Moses knew how to
write. God in his infinite wisdom preserved, prepared and inspired
Moses as no other man had been inspired, not only to lead the
children of Israel out of Egypt, but to collect and record the history
and genealogy of man, from the meager data found on clay tablets
in many of the ancient cities, such as Ninevah and Babylon. These
clay tablets furnished the basis from which much of the ancient
history has been deciphered* Moses was writing more than fifteen
hundred years after the Flood and gave the direct lineage from Noah
to Abraham, but his genealogy is very inadequate as to collateral
lines. However, genealogists and historians have made exhaustive
research, and have made many interesting discoveries along other
lines. *ASSURBANIPAL (668-626 B.C.) also called Asphurbanipal, and
by the Greeks known as Sardanapallus, is the name of the last king
of Assyria, a ruler distinguished for his interest in art and literature.
He erected magnificent buildings in Nineveh, the capital city, as well
as in other cities of his realm, and in his royal palace he gathered a
great collection of Assyrian and Babylonian writings. The remains of
this famous libraiy, consisting of more than twenty thousand clay
tablets, are now in the British Museum. (World Book Encyclopedia)
 2 BAI LEY-BRITTON GARDEN OF EDEN '"In the Bible is told
the story of creation by God of a beautiful garden to be the home of
the first human beings. Adam and Eve were put into it and were told
that it would be their home as long as they did not disobey God by
eating of the "'tree of knowledge of good and evil/' One day the
maker found that they had done what they were told not to do, so
he banished them from the garden. The story is told in Genesis.
Many scientist have tried to locate the place, but probably the
Deluge materially changed the surface of the earth, so it is only
guess-work to assume that it was in the valley of the Euphrates
River of to-day, as many people assert. The Garden of Eden meant a
place where everything was joy and happiness, and as such is used
figuratively in literature to-day." (World Book Encyclopedia). Gen.
2:8, And the Lord God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and there
he put the man whom he had formed. 10. And a river went out of
Eden to water the garden; and from thence it was parted, and
became into four heads, 11. The name of the first is Pison; that is it
which compasseth the whole of Havilah, where there is gold. 12.
And the gold of that land is good: and there is bdelium and the onyx
stone. 13. And the name of the second river is Gihon: and the same
is it that compasseth the whole land of Ethiopia. 14. And the name
of the third river is Hiddekel: that is it which goeth toward the east
of Assyria; and the fourth river is Euphrates. Note : The country
called Eden in the earliest times comprised, for the most part, the
lower Euphrates valley, with smaller rivers running into it. The Bible
says, '‘And a river went out (or down) of Eden to water the garden;
and from thence it was parted and became into four heads." This
means of course they ran down from four heads, the names of these
rivers as well as the names of the countries, have been changed.
The first river was Pison, now called Kurdistan, a small river running
west out of old Persia, into the gulf of Persia. My theory is that in
those days the mouth of the Euphrates was several miles south of its
present mouth, and the river Pison
 BAILEY 3 ran into it before it reached the gulf. The Bible
says that God cursed this ground (Gen. 3:17, or garden); perhaps it
sank beneath the waters as did the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah.
Gen. 19:24, 25. The second river, Gihon, is now Kanin, 'That
compasseth the whole land of Ethiopia"" Cush, son of Ham settled in
this section. The third river was Hiddekel, now called Tigris, "that
goeth toward the east of Assyria. And all these rivers running into
the fourth, the Euphrates, which watered the garden. This my
theory, without authority, except my own intuition. Take it or leave it.
Gen. 3:20. And Adam called his wife"s name Eve; because she was
the mother of at! living. Gen, 4:1. And Adam knew Eve his wife; and
she conceived, and bare Cain, and said I have gotten a man from
the Lord. 2. And she again bare his brother Abel. God had respect to
the offering of Abel, but unto Cain he had not respect. Cain killed
Abel, "and Cain dwelt in the land of "Nod, on the east of Eden. In
Gen. 4:17 is given the descendants of Cain for six or seven
generations. Gen. 4:25. And Adam knew his wife again; and she
bare a son, and called his name Seth: for God, said she, hath
appointed me another seed instead of Abel, whom Cain slew. 26.
And to Seth, to him also there was born a son; and he called his
name Enos: then began men to call upon the name of the Lord.
Gen. 5:1-32. gives the genealogy of Seth to the Flood in a direct
line. So genealogy is Biblical. This is the Bible genealogy of the
human race to the flood, > and if there is any other record I have
not found it. The generations of pre-" Ark-Ages"" were fewer in
comparison to the present day schedules. For more than two
thousand years preceding the flood, most of the old patriarchs lived
to the age of eight and nine hundred years, and begat sons and
daughters. The names of most of the sons and daughters of these
old timers, other than the main line of our ancestors up to the flood.
 4 BAILEY-BRITTON are not given in the Bible. These no
doubt, ran into the millions,, who were to be swallowed up by the
great Deluge; leaving only Noah, his sons, Shem, Ham and Japheth
and their wives, to repopulate the earth. For more than nine
hundred years which followed the flood, to Abraham, there is very
little reliable history or genealogy of the people of the "'New
Beginning'' of the world, other than what the Bible has recorded.
The people of the new era spread out over the lands, and in time,
became virtually lost in historical obscurity, save those who, by the
will of God, were preserved and recorded in the Bible. Yet thru the
persistant efforts of historical and genealogical researchers, we
have, uncovered much data of interest. Especially the names of
some of the old kings and rulers, in line of their descent, were
preserved, for which we are most grateful. Just how many millions of
years had transpired since the earth was formed to the beginning of
man, is not known. The genealogy of Adam to Christ has been
traced by Biblical authority. If this is correct, and we do not doubt it,
many others could, and were traced by the ancient monks, whose
business it was to record and preserve these facts. And as we have
said, the lines of the ancient kings were preservd; and all our
families run into some of these kings some time in the distant past,
thru the sons of Noah, who built the Ark and preserved mankind, as
well as all animal life. After floating around for about four months,
the old Ark bumped on Mount Ararat, in the eastern part of Turkey.
We can only imagine the indescribable feelings of those eight souls
when they found they were stranded on the earth alone. But
evidently it did not take long to make up their minds what to do, so
they turned themselves and the animals loose to re-populate the big
round world, and they had plenty of "elbow room." Gen. 9:1. And
God blessed Noah and his sons, and said unto them. Be faithful, and
multiply, and replenish the earth. If we read Gen. 5, 1-32, we get a
clear cut genealogy of man from Adam to Noah. Tbis period covers
nearly one-third the time since the beginning of man. After the flood
we deal with a new beginning. From the three sons of Noah, Shem,
Ham and Japheth, all the peoples of the earth were descended. We
believe that a slight touch of the history of each of these sons would
not be out of
 BAILEY place, but would be helpful, as an overall picture, in
tracing our people. We will begin with the youngest: "Japheth, the
youngest son of Noah, was born when his father was very old. On
unusual occasions, Japheth acted very kindly toward his father and
in consequence received a blessing, the essential part being that he
should occupy large territory and dwell in peace with his brother
Shem. Because his descendants moved to the north and west of
Canaan, occupying much of Europe, he is the traditional ancestor of
the European races. (World Book Encyclopedia) In Gen. 10 :l-5, we
find the sons of Japheth : 1. Corner, his sons*. 1. Ashkenas; 1.
Riphath; 3. Togarmah. They lived in all Europe and the vacinity
around the Black and Caspian Seas. 1. Magog, some of whose
descendants went into Cythia, north central Asia, and also some
between the Caspian and Black Seas. 3. Madai, settled in Media
Persia. (Now Iran) 4. Javan, his sons: 1. Elisha; 1. Tarshish; 3.
Kittim; 4. Dodanim. By these were the isles of the gentiles in their
lands; every one after his tongue, and after their families, in their
nations.* 5. Tubal, settled in northern Russia with his brother. 6.
Mesheck, and also between the Black and Caspian Seas. 7. Tiras,
settled in the vacinity of what is now Bulgaria and Romania, north of
the Black Sea. Of course the descendants of Japheth subsequently
scattered over the face of the earth, and were closely associated
with Shem, and with whose people they became very much mixed.
''Ham, second son of Noah went out with his father from the Ark
after the flood, to establish new nations. Gradually the families of his
two brothers moved to distant parts of Asia, while Ham settled in
Canaan, and is the reputed father of the African Race. Many of his
descendants migrated into southern Arabia, Ethiopia, *Bible map
shows the isles of the gentiles as being in Switzerland, Hungary and
the northern parts of Italy and Yugoslovia.
 6 BAILEY. BRITTOK and Egypt. The entire group is called
Hamites, for they still have many characteristics in common, and
there is some similarity in their languages/' (World Book
Encycloperia) The Negro race was supposed to be the descendants
of Ham. In Gen. 10:6-20, is found the descendants of Ham: 1. Cush,
his sons: 1. Sheba; 2. Havilah; 3. Sebtah; 4. Raamah, 5. Sabtecah;
6. Nimrod, the mighty hunter, and their cities were: Babel, Erech,
Celnah, in Shinar, Babylonia, Euphrates Valley. 2. Mizraim, his sons:
1. Ludim; 2. Anamim; 3. Lehabim; 4. Naphtuhim; 5. Pathrusim; 6.
Casluhim out of whom came Phillistim; 7. Caphtorim — most of
these settled in Africa. 3. Phut, in north Africa. 4. Canaan, his sons:
I. Sidon; 2. Heth. These two settled in Canaan east of the River
Jordan, which land was later given to Abraham and his descendants
as the Promised Land. (Cen. 12) And the Jebusite, and the Amorite,
and the Girgasite, and the Hivite, and the Arkite, and the Sinite, and
the Arvadite, and the Zemarite and the Hamathite: and afterward
were the families of Canaanites spread abroad. Gen. 10:16-18. All
these were the descendants of Ham. We find some of Ham's
descendants going to Babylonia, and eastward along the Persian
Gulf and the Arabian Sea into India. (Bible Map). Children's children
are the crown of old men; and the glory of children are their fathers.
— Prov. 17:6, We are leaving footprints on the sands of time. Let's
be careful how they are pointed. Someone may be following us.
"Shem, the eldest son of Noah, was the traditional ancestor of the
Semite peoples (Jews). Shem and his brother Japheth showed a
respectful attitude toward their father (Gen. 9:23) in contrast to the
irreverence of Ham, and Noah accordingly prophesied that the
descendants of Shem would subdue the Canaanites, or the
descendants of Ham, and that the Canaanites would serve both
them and the descendants of Japheth. (Read Joshua chapters 6-14
for the destruction of the Hamites) The descendants of Shem
 BAILEY 7 migrated into Babylonia, Assyrra, Phoenicia, Syra,
and peopled in time the greater* part of Asia/' The descendants of
Shem are believed to be that ancient Aryan race which inhabited
central Asia east of the Caspian Sea, and north of the Hindu Kush
Mountains. (Perhaps what is now Turkestan) They are also called
Judo- Europeans and Jndo-Qermantic race. Read Gen. chapters 10
and 11 for the children of Shem: 1 Elam, settled in old Persia (now
Iran) . 7. Assur, "And out of this land went forth Asshur and builded
Ninevah and the cities Rehoboth, and Calah, and Rosen, (in the
Tigris Valley) 3. Arphaxed, his son Salah, father of Eber. (see
presently) 4. Lud, in Asia Minor, western Turkey. 5. Aram, his sons:
1. Uz; 7. Hul; 3. Gether; 4. Mash. Gen. 11:11, And Shem lived after
he begat Arphaxad five hundred years, and begat sons and
daughters. Asser of St. David's, in a genealogy of Alfred the Great,
(King of the Angles and Saxons), says that Bedwig was also a son of
Shem, and traces back to Adam, but Bedwig is not given in the Bible
record. 39 generations from Adam to the reign of Alfred the Great.
Now back to Eber, son of Salah, son of Arphaxad, son of Shem. Eber
had two sons: Peleg and Joktan, and it was from these two sons
that the principal nations descended. 1. Peleg was the father of Reu,
the father of Serur, the father of Nahar, the father of Terah, and
Terah's sons were Abram, Nahar, and Haran. Haran begat Lot and
Haran died before his father Terah, in the land of his nativity, in Ur of
the Ghaldees. And Terah took the rest of his family north-westward
up the Euphrates river and settled at a place he called Haran, in
what is now the southern part of Turkey, and there died about six
years later. It was from Haran that God called Abram (or Abraham)
to go to a land that he would show him. And Abraham took his
nephew Lot, and all their possessions and removed to the land of
Canaan. (Bible record).
 8 BAILEY. BRfTTOK Gen. 11:1-2. Jnd the whole earth was
of one language, and of one speech. And it came to pass, as they
journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of
Shinar; and they dwelt there. Shinar is in Ur of the Chaldees, in the
southern part of what is now Iraq in the Euphrates Valley. If they
journeyed from the east, they must have gone there several
hundred years before; and no doubt they were the descendants of
Shem. They perhaps dwelt in Assyria and Persia, (now Iran) before
coming to Shinar. These were descendants of Peleg, the elder of the
two sons of Eber, son of Salah, son of Arphaxad, son Shem, son of
Noah, and were the old patriarchs of the Bible. 2. Joktan, second
son of Eber, son of Salah, son of Ahphaxad, son of Shem, son of
Noah, is believed to be the ancestor of that Aryan race who
inhabited central Asia, (read Gen. 1 1 .) It is now agreed that
southern Russia and ancient Poland formed the home of the Aryan
language. ''ARYAN, meaning £ord of the soil, is the name given to
that branch of the human race whose members are supposed to
have lived originally in central Asia, with the exception of the Turks,
the Magyars of Hungary, the Bulgarians and the Lapps, and the fins
of Lapland, all the generations of Europe sprang from this branch of
the human family. Centuries ago the Aryans became the ruling rare
in India, and their ancient language was Sanskrit. All modern
language sprang from the speech of these people." Gen. 1 1 :30.
And their dwelling was from Mesha as thou goest unto Sephar, a
mount of the east.* Gen. 1 1 :26-30 is found the sons of Joktan: 1.
Almodad; 2. Sheleph; 3. Hazarmaveth; 4. Jerah, 5. Madoram; 6.
Uzal; 7. Diklah; 8. Obal, 9. Abimael, 10. Sheba, 11. Ophir; 12.
Havilah; 13. Jobab, and all these were the sons of Joktan. Joktan
was the younger of the two sons of Eber, and the records show that
he went into the Far East, and was probably the ancestor of most of
the Asiatic peoples. It was no doubt these *Mount Sephar may have
been the Hindu Kush Mountains with the name changed. Mesh-had
or Meshed is in the eastern part of what is now Iran, or old Persia.
 BAILEY 9 Aryan people who became the ancient Angles and
Saxons of Germany, of which Alfred the Great was one of the
greatest of the kings; and he reigned from 849 to 887 A.D. Asser
takes up Alfred the Great and traces back to Adam. History tells us
that the German people spread out to the north and west into
Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Scotland, England, Ireland and other
countries; and it was from these countries that the early settlers in
America came, therefore we speak the AngloSaxon language, which
was originally the Aryan Language, called Sanskrit in central Asia.
Ninnius, the disciple of St. Ellotus, (or Elrod, the Bishop of Banger,
A.D. 755) says: That from Adam to the Flood was 7042 years; from
the Flood to Abraham 941 years; from Abraham to Moses 641 years;
from Moses to Solomon and Durius 611 years; from Durius to Christ
and Tiberius 548 years; and from Adam to the ministry of Christ
5118 years. From the incomation of Christ, being the fifth year of
Edmund, king of the Angles, 976 years. When any of our family
names can be traced or connected with an old ruler, as many of
them can, it is not incredible to think that we can trace our lines
back to the beginning of Man. Of course it is perhaps impossible to
trace very many of them thru a direct line from generation to
generation thru those more than 3700 years — those prehistoric and
dark ages, yet the Bible gives the connection up to Christ. One
genealogist has traced the Britton line back to Charlemaigne, and
this line connects with Alfred the Great; and Asser, from Alfred to
Adam. From Six Old English Chronicles: Ethelwerd's Annals of the
Reign of Alfred the Great, (King of the Angles-Saxons) by Asser of
Saint David's: "In the year of our Lord's incomation 849, was bom
Alfred, king of the Anglo-Saxons, at the royal village of Wanating,
(Wantage) in Berkshire, England, which country has its name from
the wood of Berroc where the box-tree grows most abundantly. His
genealogy is traced in the following order. King Alfred was the son of
king Ethelwulf, who was the son of Egbert, who was the son of
Edmund, who was the son of 7afa, who was the son of Eoppa, who
was the son of Ingild. Ingild and
 10 B A! LEY-BRITTON Ina, the famous king of the west-
Saxons, were two brothers. Ina went to Rome and there ended his
life honorable, entered the heavenly kingdom to reign there forever
with Christ. Ingild and Ina were the sons of Coenred, who was the
son of Ceolwatd, who was the son of Cudain, who was the son of
Cynris who was the son of Creoda, who was the son of Cerdic, died
in 519 A.D., who was the son of Slesa, who was the son of Qewis,
from whom the Britons named all that nation Gewis, who was the
son of Brand, who was the son of Beldeg, who was the son of
Woden, who was the son of 7rithuwutf, who was the son of 7enre of
Godwulf. who was the son of Qeat, which Geat the pagans long
worshiped as a god. Geat was the son of Jaetwa, who was the son
of Beaw, who was the son of Scetdi, who was the son of Jderemod,
who was the son of liermon, who was the son of J-lalhra, who was
the son of Quala, who was the son of Bedwig, who was the son of
Shem, who was the son of ?^oah, who was the son of Lantech, who
was the son of !Mathusalem, who was the son of Enoch, who was
the son of !Malaleel, (Bible Mahalaleel) who was the son of Cainiare,
who was the son of Enos, who was the son of Seth, who was the
son of Adam.” We note that the Bible does not give Bedwig as son of
Shem, but that is no definite reason to believe he was not. Gen.
11:11. And Shem lived after he begat Arphaxad five hundred years,
and begat sons and daughters. We have no doubt that the above
genealogy is correct, and that the BAILEY-BRITTON line comes thru
this line. I have a Bailey chart in my possession which shows the
Baileys in this line.
FIVE DIFFEREITT VIEWS OF BARITARD CASTLE
 BAILEY 13 BARNARD CASTLE BERNARD'S CASTLE, which
gave birth to the town of Barnards Castle and provided its name,
stands in ruins amid its numerous progency. Gone is the pomp and
the clatter of arms of long ago; the noise of modern traffic fills the
streets outside the walls but deep silence reigns within. The ruined
towers still stand high on the craigs above the swiftly flowing Tees
and remind us of the pageant of time when, behind the encircling
walls, nobles nursed ambitions of royal sovereignty, or beleagured
garrisons anxiously their relief by slow-moving men-at-arms. Much
that gives colour to the history of Britain had its germ within the
castle's now crumbling walls. How often have the banners of the
proud Baliols, founders of the fortress, left its gates leading the men
of the town and district to bloody battle. But not for battle alone are
the Baliols remembered: they dere large-hearted too. Baliol College,
takes its name from John Baliol who first provided endov/ments in
the 1 3th century and stimulated that thirst for knowledge which is
still unquenched. Devorguila, his wife, arranged for its secure
establishment after his death and also provided one of those
touching episodes which give warmth to history. In devotion to her
husband's memory she built Sweetheart Abbey, near Dumfries, and,
when she died, was buried there with her husband's heart which she
had kept in an ivory casket beside her throughout her widowhood.
To these two was born, probably within the castle, John Baliol II,
who was destined to become for a short time Scotland's King.
Edward, their grandson, also became King of Scotland as a vassal of
Edward III. But Scotland's crown v/as dearly attained and uneasy to
wear. It brought disaster to the house of Baliol and the loss of most
of its possessions, including Barnard Castle, though Bernard Baliol's
name will, we hope, long survive to remind us of one of the most
powerful families that held sway in this land after ' the Norman
Conquest. In the 15th century yet another possessor of the Castle
attained a crown; the crown of England. Richard, Duke of
Gloucester, spent much of his time in Middleham and in Barnard
Castle. He did much to enrich the town before his wicked deeds
sullied the good name he held before ambition for power led him to
assume the title of Richard III.
 (4 BAILEY-BRITTON Before this, the castle had come into
the possession of Richard Neville, ''Warwdek, the King-maker''
through his wife, Anne, heiress of the Earl of Warwick whose family
held Barnard Castle. Their daughter, Anne ultimately married
Richard, Duke of Gloucester and through this marriage Richard
acquired the former Baliol estate and castle. After Richard's death on
Bosworth Field in 1485, Barnard Castle reverted to Anne, widow of
the ''King-maker" and she conveyed it to Henry VII. From that time
until the reign of Charles I the castle remained a royal if neglected
possession. But Barnard Castle's association with the British throne
did not cease with Charles I, for as a young girl. Queen Elizabeth,
the Queen Mother, then Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (Bowlyn), frequently
at her ancestral home of Streatham Castle nearby and made
frequent visits to the town. Man's arrival on the scene must have
been some time between 5,000 and 2,000 years B.C. At any rate,
flint tools and weapons found on the moors have som.e of the
characteristics of the Mesolithic period. Neolithic man, of the period
of about 2,000 B.C. must have settled about here as there is
evidence that he intermixed with the Beaker folk who arrived in
Britain about 1800 B.C. Near Barnard Castle an urn of this latter
period was found many years ago and others have been found near
Middleton, higher up the valley. About 1500 B.C. the intermixing of
the older Neolithic stock with the Beaker folk was complete and the
Bronze Age had begun. In addition to the names of places such as
Startforth (Streetford( Marwood (great wood) Harmire (stony
common) and others ending in "ton" and "ham" there are some
remains of the AngloSaxon occupation which followed that of the
Romans. With the Norman Conquest great changes took place and
more imposing remains exist. A feudal state of society took the place
of the looser organization of the earlier settlements. The motte and
bailey castle constructed on the Tees above the Roman ford was its
first symbol. This castle was made before A.D. 1100 by Guy de
Baliol, lord of Bailleul in Picardy. The castle erected by him was a
mound formed by cutting a deep ditch through the rock on the Scar
and the excavated material thrown up to form a high mound (the
motte) A wooden tower was then constructed on this mound and a
palisade of stakes round it. An outer bailey was made by enclosing
another area by a similar palisade or a bank and fence.
 BAILEY 15 TTiis area would be used to stable the horses
and form a marshalling ground for the knights and retainers who
served as the garrison. In the latter half of the 12th century Guy's
nephew or grandnephew, Bernard, rebuilt the castle in stone and
thereby perpetuated his name in Bernard's Castle. To Bernard Baliol
the town owes its historic charter of about A.D. 1178, which is still
extant with others by succeeding generations of Baliols and of which
the community is especially proud. (It is said that the land on which
this castle was built was granted by William Rufus, or William II, son
of William the Conqueror, to Guy de Baliol. Guy's father was also
called William Rufus. Was there a family connection?) The charters,
now in the Council offices, give an indication of the position of the
lords of the castle towards the community, the hunting proclivities of
the Normans^ and the magnanimous spirit which actuated the
Baliols. The first charter given by Bernard Baliol II, about 1178,
records the grant of privileges which his father had already given.
Hugh, Bernard's son, gave to the inhabitants land on the east and
the north towards Stainton. John Baliol, in the 13th century, gave to
the townsmen a large tract of land in Marwood, later known as
Banard Castle Moor in place of land on the Stainton road which he
v/anted to add to his deer park along the bank of the river. These
grants gave the burgeses of the town rights in land covering about
9,700 acres and privileges as to buildings. THE CASTLE. From the
river the castle is magnificent in its setting above a rocky cliff about
80 feet in height and it covers an area of about six and a half acres.
Across the grass-grown area is the great round tower built about
A.D. 1300. It is called Baliol's Tower and built before the confiscation
of John Baliol's estates on ' his abdication as King of Scotland. "They
are not dead who leave their thoughts Imprinted on the deathless
page; They pass, but the works the've wrought Live on from age to
age."
 f6 BAI LEY-BRITTON SCOTISH LINE OF ANCESTRY (From
Bailey Chart) Odham (or Woden) Eoghaidh Donald Breach Donart
Hugh Fionn Hengist, King of the Piets A daughter — Ferguisiana
Alpin, King of Scots, died 836 A.D. Kenneth MacAlpin, King of Piets
and Scots, 836-859. Donald sixth. King of Piets and Scots, 859-863
Constantine II, King of Scots, 863-881 Malcolm I, 944-953 Kenneth
III, Ind son of Malcolm, 970-994 Malcolm II of Scotland, 1003-1033
Beatrix Duncan, grandson Malcolm II, 1033-1039 Malcolm III of
Scotland, 1057-1093 David I of Scotland, 11-14-1153 David, Earl of
Huntington, grandson of David I. His daughter Margaret, married
Alan Lord of Galloway. Alan de Galloway and Margaret had a
daughter, Helen who married Roger de Quincy. Their second
daughter, Devorgild married John Baliol, founder of Baliol College at
Oxford, about 1160. He was in the 6th generation from Wido (or
William) who gave considerable assistance to William the Conqueror.
John and Devorgild had, among others, John Baliol, who was king of
Scotland, 1191-1196. He had two sons, Henry and Edward. Henry
died in battle without issue. Edward, in 1331, landed an army in Fife,
killed the Regent Marr and had himself crowned King of Scotland,
but was driven out within three months. He married, but died
without issue. John Baliol Jr., Robert Bruce, John Cumin, and t^n
others were claimants to the throne of Scotland when the !Maiden of
T^orway (the rightful heir to the throne) died while on her way to
England to marry the Prince of Wales. She was the daughter of King
Eric of Norway who had married Margaret, daughter of Alexander III
of Scotland. He was the brother of David, Earl of Huntington.
 BAILEY 17 SKETCH FROM RAMSErS ANNALS OF
TENNESSEE, pl75 "The facility of taking up the choice lands of the
country induced great numbers of persons, principally those without
means, to emigrate to the frontier. A poor man, without seldom
more than a single pack-horse on which the wife and infant were
carried, with a few clothes and bed-quilts, a skillet and a small sack
of meal, was often seen wending his way along the narrow mountain
trace, with a rifle upon his shoulder — ^the elder sons carrying an
axe, a hoe, sometimes an auger and a saw, and the older daughters
leading or carrying the smaller children. Without a dollar in his
pocket when he arrived at the distant frontier, the emigrant became
at once a large land-owner. Such men laid the foundation of Society
and government.” As we read the above, and let our minds go back
to the cause of this retreat, it is hard to hold back a sympathetic
tear. They were thinking of the unscrupulous administration of the
British laws imposed upon them; they were thinking of the Battle of
the Alamance where hundreds of their comrads were mowed down
unmercifully by British guns in the hands of the colonial government,
when many of their leaders were hanged, because they were trying
to protect themselvs from their tyranical rulers. So, when they could
take it no longer, they determined to cross the mountains into
western North Carolina (now Tenn.) where they thought they might
be free from distress, and where they might rest in the shade of
their own "vine and figtree,” unmolested. -—Indians! yes, but they
did not dread them as much as their Royal Oppressers.
 f8 BAILEY-BRITTON ORIGIN OF THE NAME BAILEY
Somewhere between here and the Ark-ages, thru the descendants of
Noah, was born one whose name, thru many Ancient and Mideval
transliterations, subsequently became our present name Bailey. It
has a variation of spellings, even in modern times. Its origin also is
of varied claims. In Normandy, France we find the name first
mentioned, as early as 1052 A.D., in the form of Bailleul. At that
time Simon^ son of Arnoul de Gramines, was the representative of
the Bailleuls. His sons, or perhaps his grandsons, Albert and
Baudouin de Bailleul are on the list of Flemish knights who took
active part in the First Crusade to the Holy Land. The name is
probably derived from the French Bailie, and originally meant '"castle
or fortified city.'" Bailie or Baillie was a Scotish term, meaning "a
superior officer or magistrate'' whose duties were High Sheriff, Judge
and Jury of very large estates, which were common in the early
days. It was also spelled Baliol, as in the person of John Baliol^ King
of Scotland. In England, the forms, Baliol, Bayly, Bayley, Baily and
Bailey were most commonly used. A famous prison in London was
called "TTie Old Bailey" and the Bailey in Oxford. From the original
we have found the name spelled more than forty different ways,
some of which are now considered entirely different names, such as
Baileu, Balew, Balue, Bales, Bailes, Baylis Bayliss, Bayles, Bayless,
Bailor and others; but all have the same origin. In America to-day
the name is most generally spelled Bailey, sometimes Baily or Bayly.
We shall use the general spelling, except when quoting from records,
which forms will be used as found. There are many tribes of Baileys,
or immigrants who settled all along the Atlantic Sea-board, from
Florida to Maine, not di' rectly connected in America, but perhaps in
England they were brothers or cousins. There were a few Scotish
Baillies who settled in South Carolina and Georgia, but most of them
were of English descent. ROLLO OF NORMANDY Rollo, Rou, or Horolf
was a Nord Chieftain of the Scandinavian Peninsula, from which the
Vikings drove their boats over
Welcome to our website – the ideal destination for book lovers and
knowledge seekers. With a mission to inspire endlessly, we offer a
vast collection of books, ranging from classic literary works to
specialized publications, self-development books, and children's
literature. Each book is a new journey of discovery, expanding
knowledge and enriching the soul of the reade

Our website is not just a platform for buying books, but a bridge
connecting readers to the timeless values of culture and wisdom. With
an elegant, user-friendly interface and an intelligent search system,
we are committed to providing a quick and convenient shopping
experience. Additionally, our special promotions and home delivery
services ensure that you save time and fully enjoy the joy of reading.

Let us accompany you on the journey of exploring knowledge and

personal growth!

[Link]