1.
Relations & Functions – Important Questions 1
1. Relations and Functions
1 mark Questions
1. If 𝑛(𝐴 × 𝐵 ) = 6 and 𝐴 = {1,3} then 𝑛(𝐵) is SEP-21
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 6
2. 𝐴 = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑝}, 𝐵 = {2,3}, 𝐶 = {𝑝, 𝑞, 𝑟, 𝑠} then 𝑛[(𝐴 ∪ 𝐶 ) × 𝐵 ] is PTA-3
(A) 8 (B) 20 (C) 12 (D) 16
3. If 𝐴 = {1,2}, 𝐵 = {1,2,3,4}, 𝐶 = {5,6} and 𝐷 = {5,6,7,8} then state which of the following statement
is true SEP-20
(A) (𝑨 × 𝑪) ⊂ (𝑩 × 𝑫) (B) (𝐵 × 𝐷 ) ⊂ (𝐴 × 𝐶)
(C) (𝐴 × 𝐵 ) ⊂ (𝐴 × 𝐷) (D) (𝐷 × 𝐴) ⊂ (𝐵 × 𝐴)
4. If there are 1024 relations from a set 𝐴 = {1,2,3,4,5} to a set 𝐵, then the number of element in 𝐵 is
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 8 PTA-2, JUL-22
2
5. The range of the relations 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑥 )|𝑥 is a prime number less than 13} is PTA-4, JUL-22
(A){2,3,5,7} (B) {2,3,5,7,11} (C) {4,9,25,49,121} (D) {1,4,9,25,49,121}
6. If the ordered pairs (𝑎 + 2,4) and (5, 2𝑎 + 𝑏) are equal then (𝑎, 𝑏) is PTA-6, MAY-22
(A) (2, −2) (B) (5,1) (C) (2,3) (D) (𝟑, −𝟐)
7. Let 𝑛(𝐴) = 𝑚 and 𝑛(𝐵 ) = 𝑛 then the total number of non-empty relations that can be defined from
𝐴 to 𝐵 is
(A) 𝑚𝑛 (B) 𝑛𝑚 (C) 𝟐𝒎𝒏 − 𝟏 (D) 2𝑚𝑛
PTA-1
8. If {(𝑎, 8), (6, 𝑏)} represents an identity function, then the value of 𝑎 and 𝑏 respectively.
(A) (8,6) (B) (8,8) (C) (6,8) (D) (6,6)
9. Let 𝐴 = {1,2,3,4} and 𝐵 = {4,8,9,10}. A function 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 given by 𝑓 = {(1,4), (2,8), (3,9), (4,10)} is a
(A) Many-one function (B) Identity function PTA-4
(C) One-to-one function (D) Into function
1
10. If 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 and 𝑔(𝑥 ) = , then 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 is
3𝑥
3 2 𝟐 1
(A) 2𝑥 2 (B) 3𝑥 2 (C) 𝟗𝒙𝟐 (D) 6𝑥 2
11. If 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 is a bijective function and if 𝑛(𝐵 ) = 7, then 𝑛(𝐴) is equal to PTA-2
(A) 7 (B) 49 (C) 1 (D) 14
12. Let 𝑓 and 𝑔 be two functions given by
𝑓 = {(0,1), (2,0), (3, −4), (4,2), (5,7)}
𝑔 = {(0,2), (1,0), (2,4), (−4,2), (7,0)} then the range of 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 is
(A) {0,2,3,4,5} (B) {−4,1,0,2,7} (C) {1,2,3,4,5} (D) {𝟎, 𝟏, 𝟐}
13. Let 𝑓(𝑥 ) = √1 + 𝑥 2 then
(A) 𝑓 (𝑥𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥 ). 𝑓(𝑦) (B) 𝑓(𝑥𝑦) ≥ 𝑓 (𝑥 ). 𝑓(𝑦)
(C) 𝒇(𝒙𝒚) ≤ 𝒇(𝒙). 𝒇(𝒚) (D) None of these
14. If 𝑔 = {(1,1), (2,3), (3,5), (4,7)} is a function given by 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝛼𝑥 + 𝛽 then the values of 𝛼 and 𝛽 are
(A) (−1,2) (B) (𝟐, −𝟏) (C) (−1, −2) (D) (1,2) PTA-6
3 3
15. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = (𝑥 + 1) − (𝑥 − 1) represents a function which is
(A)linear (B) cubic (C) reciprocal (D) quadratic PTA-5
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2 Way to Success - 10th Maths
2 mark Questions
1. Find 𝑨 × 𝑩, 𝑨 × 𝑨 and 𝑩 × 𝑨 (iii) 𝑨 = {𝒎, 𝒏}; 𝑩 = ∅ PTA-1
(iii) 𝑨 = {𝒎, 𝒏}; 𝑩 = ∅
𝐴×𝐵 ={ }
𝐴 × 𝐴 = {𝑚, 𝑛} × {𝑚, 𝑛}
= {(𝒎, 𝒎), (𝒎, 𝒏), (𝒏, 𝒎), (𝒏, 𝒏)}
𝐵×𝐴 ={ }
2. Let 𝑨 = {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑} and 𝑩 = {𝒙|𝒙 is a prime number less than 10}. Find 𝑨 × 𝑩 and 𝑩 × 𝑨. MAY-22
𝐴 = {1,2,3}
𝐵 = {𝑥|𝑥 is a prime number less than 10}
= {2,3,5,7}
𝐴 × 𝐵 = {1,2,3} × {2,3,5,7}
= {(𝟏, 𝟐), (𝟏, 𝟑), (𝟏, 𝟓), (𝟏, 𝟕), (𝟐, 𝟐), (𝟐, 𝟑),
(𝟐, 𝟓), (𝟐, 𝟕), (𝟑, 𝟐), (𝟑, 𝟑), (𝟑, 𝟓), (𝟑, 𝟕)}
𝐵 × 𝐴 = {2,3,5,7} × {1,2,3}
= {(𝟐, 𝟏), (𝟐, 𝟐), (𝟐, 𝟑), (𝟑, 𝟏), (𝟑, 𝟐), (𝟑, 𝟑), (𝟓, 𝟏), (𝟓, 𝟐), (𝟓, 𝟑), (𝟕, 𝟏), (𝟕, 𝟐), (𝟕, 𝟑)}
3. Let 𝑨 = {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, … , 𝟒𝟓} and 𝑹 be the relation defined as “is square of a number” on 𝑨.Write 𝑹 as a
subset of 𝑨 × 𝑨. Also, find the domain and range of 𝑹.
SEP-21
Given 𝐴 = {1,2,3,4, … ,45}
𝐴 × 𝐴 = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4) … … (45,45)}
Then, 𝑅 be the relation defined as is “square of a number ” on 𝐴.
Hence, 𝑅 = {(1,1), (2,4), (3,9), (4,16), (5,25), (6,36)}
So 𝑅 ⊆ 𝐴 × 𝐴
The domain of 𝑅 = {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟓, 𝟔}
The range of 𝑅 = {𝟏, 𝟒, 𝟗, 𝟏𝟔, 𝟐𝟓, 𝟑𝟔}
4. A Relation 𝑹 is given by the set {(𝒙, 𝒚)/𝒚 = 𝒙 + 𝟑, 𝒙 ∈ {𝟎, 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟓}}. Determine its domain and range
(PTA-5)
𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦)/𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3, 𝑥 ∈ {0,1,2,3,4,5}}
Here domain (𝑥) = {0,1,2,3,4,5}
Co-domain (𝑦) = 𝑥 + 3
𝑦0 = 0 + 3 = 3 , 𝑦3 = 3 + 3 = 6
𝑦1 = 1 + 3 = 4, 𝑦4 = 4 + 3 = 7
𝑦2 = 2 + 3 = 5 , 𝑦5 = 5 + 3 = 8
𝑅 = {(0,3), (1,4), (2,5), (3,6), (4,7), (5,8)}
Domain = {𝟎, 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟓}
Range = {𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟓, 𝟔, 𝟕, 𝟖}
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1. Relations & Functions – Important Questions 3
5. Show that the function 𝒇: ℕ → ℕ defined by 𝒇(𝒎) = 𝒎𝟐 + 𝒎 + 𝟑 is one – one function SEP-20
The function 𝑓: ℕ → ℕ defined by
𝑓(𝑚) = 𝑚2 + 𝑚 + 3
𝑚 = 1, 𝑓 (1) = (1)2 + 1 + 3 = 1 + 1 + 3 = 5
𝑚 = 2, 𝑓 (2) = (2)2 + 2 + 3 = 4 + 2 + 3 = 9
𝑚 = 3, 𝑓 (3) = (3)2 + 3 + 3 = 9 + 3 + 3 = 15
𝑚 = 4, 𝑓 (4) = (4)2 + 4 + 3 = 16 + 4 + 3 = 23
Since different elements of 𝑁 have different images in the codomain the function of 𝒇 is one-
one function.
6. Write the domain of the following real functions PTA-6
𝟐𝒙+𝟏
i) 𝒇(𝒙) = iii) 𝒈(𝒙) = √𝒙 − 𝟐
𝒙−𝟗
2𝑥+1
i) 𝑓(𝑥 ) =
𝑥−9
If 𝑥 = 9 then 𝑓(−9) is not defined
Hence 𝑓 is defined for all real numbers except at 𝑥 = 9.
So domain of 𝑓 = 𝑅 − {9}
iii) 𝑔(𝑥 ) = √𝑥 − 2
If 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, 2) 𝑔(𝑥 ) is not real
If 𝑥 ∈ [2, ∞) 𝑔(𝑥) is real
∴ the Domain is [2, ∞)
5 mark Questions
1. Let 𝑨 = {𝒙 ∈ 𝕎|𝒙 < 𝟐}, 𝑩 = {𝒙 ∈ ℕ|𝟏 < 𝒙 ≤ 𝟒} and 𝑪 = {𝟑, 𝟓}. Verify that
(ii) 𝑨 × (𝑩 ∩ 𝑪) = (𝑨 × 𝑩) ∩ (𝑨 × 𝑪) SEP-21, PTA-5
LHS: 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 = {2,3,4} ∩ {3,5} = {3}
𝐴 × (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 ) = {0,1} × {3}
= {(𝟎, 𝟑), (𝟏, 𝟑)} …………..(1)
RHS: 𝐴 × 𝐵 = {0,1} × {2,3,4} = {(𝟎, 𝟐), (𝟎, 𝟑), (𝟎, 𝟒), (𝟏, 𝟐), (𝟏, 𝟑), (𝟏, 𝟒)}
𝐴 × 𝐶 = {0,1} × {3,5} = {(0,3), (0,5), (1,3), (1,5)}
(𝐴 × 𝐵 ) ∩ (𝐴 × 𝐶 ) = {(0,2), (𝟎, 𝟑), (0,4), (1,2), (𝟏, 𝟑), (1,4)} ∩ {(𝟎, 𝟑), (0,5), (𝟏, 𝟑), (1,5)}
= {(𝟎, 𝟑), (𝟏, 𝟑)} ……………(2)
From (1) and (2),
𝑨 × (𝑩 ∩ 𝑪) = (𝑨 × 𝑩) ∩ (𝑨 × 𝑪)
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4 Way to Success - 10th Maths
2. If 𝑨 = {𝟓, 𝟔}, 𝑩 = {𝟒, 𝟓, 𝟔}, 𝑪 = {𝟓, 𝟔, 𝟕}, show that 𝑨 × 𝑨 = (𝑩 × 𝑩) ∩ (𝑪 × 𝑪). (JUL-22)
𝐴 × 𝐴 = (𝐵 × 𝐵 ) ∩ (𝐶 × 𝐶)
LHS: 𝐴 × 𝐴 = {5,6} × {5,6}
= {(𝟓, 𝟓), (𝟓, 𝟔), (𝟔, 𝟓), (𝟔, 𝟔)} ……….(1)
RHS:
𝐵 × 𝐵 = {4,5,6} × {4,5,6}
= {(4,4), (4,5), (4,6), (5,4), (𝟓, 𝟓),
(𝟓, 𝟔), (6,4), (𝟔, 𝟓), (𝟔, 𝟔)}
𝐶 × 𝐶 = {5,6,7} × {5,6,7} = {(𝟓, 𝟓), (𝟓, 𝟔), (5,7), (𝟔, 𝟓), (𝟔, 𝟔), (6,7), (7,5), (7,6), (7,7)}
(𝐵 × 𝐵 ) ∩ (𝐶 × 𝐶 ) = {(𝟓, 𝟓), (𝟓, 𝟔), (𝟔, 𝟓), (𝟔, 𝟔)}……….(2)
From (1) and (2), 𝑨 × 𝑨 = (𝑩 × 𝑩) ∩ (𝑪 × 𝑪)
3. Let 𝑨 = {𝒙 ∈ 𝕎|𝒙 < 𝟐}, 𝑩 = {𝒙 ∈ ℕ|𝟏 < 𝒙 ≤ 𝟒} and 𝑪 = {𝟑, 𝟓}. Verify that
(i) 𝑨 × (𝑩 ∪ 𝑪) = (𝑨 × 𝑩) ∪ (𝑨 × 𝑪) (PTA-2)
𝐴 = {𝑥 ∈ 𝕎|𝑥 < 2} = {0,1}, 𝐵 = {𝑥 ∈ ℕ|1 < 𝑥 ≤ 4} = {2,3,4}, 𝐶 = {3,5}
LHS:
𝐵 ∪ 𝐶 = {2,3,4} ∪ {3,5} = {2,3,4,5}
𝐴 × (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶 ) = {0,1} × {2,3,4,5}
= {(𝟎, 𝟐), (𝟎, 𝟑), (𝟎, 𝟒), (𝟎, 𝟓), (𝟏, 𝟐), (𝟏, 𝟑), (𝟏, 𝟒), (𝟏, 𝟓)} ……..(1)
RHS:
𝐴 × 𝐵 = {0,1} × {2,3,4} = {(0,2), (0,3), (0,4), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4)}
𝐴 × 𝐶 = {0,1} × {3,5} = {(0,3), (0,5), (1,3), (1,5)}
(𝐴 × 𝐵 ) ∪ (𝐴 × 𝐶 ) = {(0,2), (0,3), (0,4), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4)} ∪ {(0,3), (0,5), (1,3), (1,5)}
= {(𝟎, 𝟐), (𝟎, 𝟑), (𝟎, 𝟒), (𝟎, 𝟓), (𝟏, 𝟐), (𝟏, 𝟑), (𝟏, 𝟒), (𝟏, 𝟓)} ……….(2)
From (1) and (2), 𝑨 × (𝑩 ∪ 𝑪) = (𝑨 × 𝑩) ∪ (𝑨 × 𝑪)
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1. Relations & Functions – Important Questions 5
4. Let 𝑨 = The set of all natural numbers less than 8, 𝑩 = The set of all prime numbers less than 8,
𝑪 = The set of even prime number, Verify that (i) (𝑨 ∩ 𝑩) × 𝑪 = (𝑨 × 𝑪) ∩ (𝑩 × 𝑪) (SEP-20)
𝐴 = The set of all natural numbers less than 8 = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
𝐵 = The set of all prime numbers less than 8 = {2,3,5,7}
𝐶 = The set of even prime number = {2}
(i) (𝑨 ∩ 𝑩) × 𝑪 = (𝑨 × 𝑪) ∩ (𝑩 × 𝑪)
LHS: 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {1,2,3,4,5, 6,7} ∩ {2,3,5,7}
= {2,3,5,7}
(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ) × 𝐶 = {2,3,5,7} × {2} = {(𝟐, 𝟐), (𝟑, 𝟐), (𝟓, 𝟐), (𝟕, 𝟐)} ………….(1)
RHS:
𝐴 × 𝐶 = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7} × {2}
= {(1,2), (2,2), (3,2), (4,2), (5,2), (6,2), (7,2)}
𝐵 × 𝐶 = {2,3,5,7} × {2} = {(2,2), (3,2), (5,2), (7,2)}
(𝐴 × 𝐶 ) ∩ (𝐵 × 𝐶) = {(𝟐, 𝟐), (𝟑, 𝟐), (𝟓, 𝟐), (𝟕, 𝟐)} ……………(2)
From (1) and (2), (𝑨 ∩ 𝑩) × 𝑪 = (𝑨 × 𝑪) ∩ (𝑩 × 𝑪)
5. Let 𝑨 = The set of all natural numbers less than 8, 𝑩 = The set of all prime numbers less than 8,
𝑪 = The set of even prime number, Verify that
(ii) 𝑨 × (𝑩 − 𝑪) = (𝑨 × 𝑩) − (𝑨 × 𝑪) MAY-22
LHS: 𝐵 − 𝐶 = {2,3,5,7} − {2} = {3,5,7}
𝐴 × (𝐵 − 𝐶 ) = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7} × {3,5,7}
= {(𝟏, 𝟑), (𝟏, 𝟓), (𝟏, 𝟕), (𝟐, 𝟑), (𝟐, 𝟓), (𝟐, 𝟕), (𝟑, 𝟑), (𝟑, 𝟓), (𝟑, 𝟕), (𝟒, 𝟑), (𝟒, 𝟓), (𝟒, 𝟕),
(𝟓, 𝟑), (𝟓, 𝟓), (𝟓, 𝟕), (𝟔, 𝟑), (𝟔, 𝟓), (𝟔, 𝟕), (𝟕, 𝟑), (𝟕, 𝟓), (𝟕, 𝟕)}…………(1)
RHS: 𝐴 × 𝐵 = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7} × {2,3,5,7}
= {(1,2), (1,3), (1,5), (1,7), (2,2), (2,3), (2,5), (2,7), (3,2), (3,3), (3,5), (3,7), (4,2), (4,3),
(4,5), (4,7), (5,2), (5,3), (5,5), (5,7), (6,2), (6,3), (6,5), (6,7), (7,2), (7,3), (7,5), (7,7)}
𝐴 × 𝐶 = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7} × {2} = {(1,2), (2,2), (3,2), (4,2), (5,2), (6,2), (7,2)}
(𝐴 × 𝐵 ) − (𝐴 × 𝐶 )
= {(1,2), (1,3), (1,5), (1,7), (2,2), (2,3), (2,5), (2,7), (3,2), (3,3), (3,5), (3,7), (4,2), (4,3),
(4,5), (4,7), (5,2), (5,3), (5,5), (5,7), (6,2), (6,3), (6,5), (6,7), (7,2), (7,3), (7,5), (7,7)}
− {(1,2), (2,2), (3,2), (4,2), (5,2), (6,2), (7,2)}
= {(𝟏, 𝟑), (𝟏, 𝟓), (𝟏, 𝟕), (𝟐, 𝟑), (𝟐, 𝟓), (𝟐, 𝟕), (𝟑, 𝟑), (𝟑, 𝟓), (𝟑, 𝟕), (𝟒, 𝟑), (𝟒, 𝟓), (𝟒, 𝟕),
(𝟓, 𝟑), (𝟓, 𝟓), (𝟓, 𝟕), (𝟔, 𝟑), (𝟔, 𝟓), (𝟔, 𝟕), (𝟕, 𝟑), (𝟕, 𝟓), (𝟕, 𝟕)}…………(2)
From (1) and (2) , 𝑨 × (𝑩 − 𝑪) = (𝑨 × 𝑩) − (𝑨 × 𝑪)
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6 Way to Success - 10th Maths
6. Represent each of the given relation by (a) an arrow diagram (b) a graph and (c) a set in roster form,
wherever possible. (ii) {(𝒙, 𝒚)|𝒚 = 𝒙 + 𝟑, 𝒙, 𝒚 are natural numbers <10} (JUL-22)
(ii) {(𝒙, 𝒚)|𝒚 = 𝒙 + 𝟑, 𝒙, 𝒚 are natural numbers <10}
Given, 𝑥, 𝑦 are natural numbers < 10
𝑋 = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} , 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3
Here 𝑦1 = 4, 𝑦2 = 5, 𝑦3 = 6,
𝑦4 = 7, 𝑦5 = 8, 𝑦6 = 9
(a) Arrow diagram (b) graph (c) Roster Form
𝑅 = {(1,4), (2,5), (3,6),
(4,7), (5,8), (6,9)}
7. The data in the adjacent table depicts the length of a person Length 𝒙 of Height ‘𝒚’
forehand and their corresponding height. Based on this data, a forehand (in cm) (in inches)
student finds a relationship between the height (𝒚) and the 35 56
forehand length (𝒙) as 𝒚 = 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃 , where 𝒂, 𝒃 are constants. 45 65
(i) Check if this relation is a function. (ii) Find 𝒂 and 𝒃(iii) Find the 50 69.5
height of a person whose forehand length is 40cm (iv) Find the 55 74
length of forehand of a person if her height is 53.3 inches. PTA-4
Given 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
(i) Arrow diagram
Each element in 𝑥 is associated with a unique element in 𝑦
Yes, this relation is a function
(ii) find 𝑎 and 𝑏 (iii) Length = 40cm, 𝑎 = 0.9, 𝑏 = 24.5
From the table 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
35𝑎 + 𝑏 = 56 ……………(1) = (0.9)(40) + 24.5 = 60.5
45𝑎 + 𝑏 = 65 …………..(2) The height of a person whose forehand
(−) (−) (−)
length is 40 cm = 60.5 inches.
−10𝑎 = −9
(iv) Height = 53.3 inches
9
𝑎 = 10 = 0.9 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
𝑎 = 0.9 substitute in (1) 53.3 = (0.9)𝑥 + 24.5 = 0.9𝑥 + 24.5
35(0.9) + 𝑏 = 56 53.3 − 24.5 = 0.9𝑥
31.5 + 𝑏 = 56 28.8 = 0.9𝑥
28.8
𝑏 = 56 − 31.5 = 24.5 𝑥= = 32 ⇒ 𝑥 = 32 cm
0.9
𝒂 = 𝟎. 𝟗 and 𝒃 = 𝟐𝟒. 𝟓
The length of forehand of a person = 32 cm
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1. Relations & Functions – Important Questions 7
𝟔𝒙 + 𝟏; −𝟓 ≤ 𝒙 < 𝟐
8. A function 𝒇: [−𝟓, 𝟗] → ℝ is defined as follows: 𝒇(𝒙) = {𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 ; 𝟐 ≤ 𝒙 < 𝟔 PTA-4
𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒; 𝟔 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟗
𝟐𝒇(−𝟐)−𝒇(𝟔)
Find (ii) 𝒇(𝟕) − 𝒇(𝟏) (iv) 𝒇(𝟒)+𝒇(−𝟐)
6𝑥 + 1; −5 ≤ 𝑥 < 2 ; Where 𝑥 = −5, −4, −3, −2, −1,0,1
𝑓(𝑥 ) = {5𝑥 2 − 1; 2 ≤ 𝑥 < 6 ; Where 𝑥 = 2, 3,4,5
3𝑥 − 4; 6 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 9 ; Where 𝑥 = 6,7,8,9
(ii) 𝑓(7) − 𝑓(1) (iv)
2𝑓(−2)−𝑓(6)
𝑓(4)+𝑓(−2)
When 𝑥 = 7
When 𝑥 = −2, 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 6𝑥 + 1
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 − 4
𝑓(−2) = 6(−2) + 1 = −12 + 1 = −11
𝑓 (7) = 3(7) − 4 = 21 − 4 = 17 When 𝑥 = 6, 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 − 4
When 𝑥 = 1 𝑓(6) = 3(6) − 4 = 18 − 4 = 14
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 6𝑥 + 1
When 𝑥 = 4, 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 5𝑥 2 − 1
𝑓(1) = 6(1) + 1 = 6 + 1 = 7
𝑓(4) = 5(4)2 − 1 = 80 − 1 = 79
∴ 𝑓 (7) − 𝑓(1) = 17 − 7 = 𝟏𝟎 2𝑓(−2)−𝑓(6) 2(−11)−14 −22−14 −36 𝟗
= = = = − 𝟏𝟕
𝑓(4)+𝑓(−2) 79+(−11) 79−11 68
9. The distance 𝑺 an object travels under the influence of gravity in the time 𝒕 seconds is given by
𝟏
𝑺(𝒕) = 𝟐 𝒈𝒕𝟐 + 𝒂𝒕 + 𝒃 where, ( 𝒈 is the acceleration due to gravity), 𝒂, 𝒃 are constants. Verify
whether the function 𝑺(𝒕) is one-one or not. PTA-3
1
Given 𝑆(𝑡) = 2 𝑔𝑡 2 + 𝑎𝑡 + 𝑏 (𝑎, 𝑏 constants)
Now take 𝑡 = 1,2,3, … seconds
1
𝑡 = 1, 𝑆(1) = 𝑔(1)2 + 𝑎(1) + 𝑏
2
1
= 𝑔 + 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝒈 + 𝒂 + 𝒃
2
1
𝑡 = 2, 𝑆(2) = 2 𝑔(2)2 + 𝑎(2) + 𝑏
= 𝟐𝒈 + 𝟐𝒂 + 𝒃
1
𝑡 = 3, 𝑆(3) = 𝑔(3)2 + 𝑎(3) + 𝑏
2
= 𝟒. 𝟓𝒈 + 𝟑𝒂 + 𝒃
Since distinct elements of 𝐴 have distinct image in 𝐵.
Yes, it is an one-one function.
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8 Way to Success - 10th Maths
10. The function ′𝒕′ which maps temperature in Celsius (𝑪) into temperature in Fahrenheit (𝑭) is
𝟗
defined by 𝒕(𝑪) = 𝑭 where 𝑭 = 𝟓 𝑪 + 𝟑𝟐. Find PTA-1
(i) 𝒕(𝟎) (ii) 𝒕(𝟐𝟖) (iii) 𝒕(−𝟏𝟎) (iv) the value of 𝑪 when 𝒕(𝑪) = 𝟐𝟏𝟐
(v) the temperature when the Celsius value is equal to the Fahrenheit value
9
The function 𝑡 is defined by, 𝑡(𝐶 ) = 𝐹, where 𝐹 = 𝐶 + 32
5
9
(i) 𝑡(0) = (0) + 32 = 𝟑𝟐°𝑭 (v) we know that
5
9
9
𝑡(𝐶 ) = 𝐹 where 𝐹 = 5 𝐶 + 32
(ii) 𝑡(28) = (28) + 32 9
5
𝑡(𝐹) = 𝐶 where 𝐶 = 5 𝐹 + 32
= 9(5.6) + 32
If the temperatures are same then two ′𝑡′s
= 50.4 + 32 in the formula should represent the same
= 𝟖𝟐. 𝟒°𝑭 temperature. So then we multiply each
5
9 side by (− 4)
(iii) 𝑡(−10) = (−10) + 32
5 9
𝑡 = 5 𝑡 + 32°
= −18 + 32 9
𝑡 − 𝑡 = 32°
5
= 𝟏𝟒°𝑭 5
Multiply each side by (− 4)
(iv) When 𝑡(𝐶 ) = 212
5 9 5
9
− 4 (𝑡 − 5 𝑡) = 32° × (− 4)
𝐶 + 32 = 212 5 9
5
− 4 𝑡 + 4 𝑡 = −40°
9
𝐶 = 212 − 32 = 180 −5𝑡+9𝑡
5
4
= −40°
180×5 4𝑡
𝐶= 9
= 𝟏𝟎𝟎°𝑪 = −40°
4
𝒕 = −𝟒𝟎°
11. If 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏, 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒙 − 𝟐 find 𝒂, if 𝒈 ∘ 𝒇(𝒂) = 𝟏 PTA-2
Given 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 1, 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 − 2
𝑔 ∘ 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥 )) = 𝑔(𝑥 2 − 1)
= 𝑥2 − 1 − 2
= 𝑥2 − 3
Given 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓(𝑎) = 1
Hence 𝑎2 − 3 = 1
𝑎2 = 1 + 3
𝑎2 = 4
𝒂 = ±𝟐
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1. Relations & Functions – Important Questions 9
12. If 𝒇: 𝑹 → 𝑹 and 𝒈: 𝑹 → 𝑹 are defined by 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟓 and 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟒 then check if 𝒇, 𝒈 are one-one and
𝒇 ∘ 𝒈 is one-one? PTA-6
𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 5
𝑓 ∘ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑓(𝑥))
= 𝑓(𝑥 5 )
= (𝑥 5 )5 = 𝑥 25
𝑓 ∘ 𝑓(1) = (1)25 = 1
𝑓 ∘ 𝑓(2) = (2)25
𝑓 ∘ 𝑓(3) = (3)25
Since each elements in 𝑓 have distinct images, 𝑓 is one-one
𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined by 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 4
𝑔 ∘ 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑔(𝑥 4 )
= (𝑥 4 )4
= 𝑥 16
𝑔 ∘ 𝑔(−1) = (−1)16 = 1
𝑔 ∘ 𝑔(1) = (1)16 = 1
𝑔 ∘ 𝑔(2) = (2)16
Thus two distinct elements −1
and 1 have same images.
Hence 𝑔 is not one-one
𝑓 ∘ 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))
= 𝑓(𝑥 4 )
= (𝑥 4 )5 = 𝑥 20
𝑓 ∘ 𝑔(1) = (1)20 = 1
𝑓 ∘ 𝑔(−1) = (−1)20 = 1
Thus two distinct elements −1 and 1 have same
images. Hence 𝒇 ∘ 𝒈 is not one-one.
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10 Way to Success - 10th Maths
13. Consider the functions 𝒇(𝒙), 𝒈(𝒙), 𝒉(𝒙) as given below, show that (𝒇 ∘ 𝒈) ∘ 𝒉 = 𝒇 ∘ (𝒈 ∘ 𝒉) in each case.
(iii) 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙 − 𝟒, 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 and 𝒉(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟓
𝑓 ∘ 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) PTA-2
= 𝑓(𝑥 2 ) = 𝑥 2 − 4
Then (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔) ∘ ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔(ℎ(𝑥))
= 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔(3𝑥 − 5)
= (3𝑥 − 5)2 − 4
= 9𝑥 2 − 30𝑥 + 25 − 4
= 9𝑥 2 − 30𝑥 + 21……..(1)
(𝑔 ∘ ℎ)𝑥 = 𝑔(ℎ(𝑥))
= 𝑔(3𝑥 − 5) = (3𝑥 − 5)2
= 9𝑥 2 − 30𝑥 + 25
𝑓 ∘ (𝑔 ∘ ℎ)(𝑥) = 𝑓(9𝑥 2 − 30𝑥 + 25)
= 9𝑥 2 − 30𝑥 + 25 − 4
= 9𝑥 2 − 30𝑥 + 21 ………..(2)
From (1) and (2), (𝒇 ∘ 𝒈) ∘ 𝒉 = 𝒇 ∘ (𝒈 ∘ 𝒉)
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