Chapter 6 – Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

Compact or Bone Cells Bone Hormones Bone Yard

Spongy? and Tissues Dynamics

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FINAL ROUND
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 Topic 1: Compact or Spongy?
$100 Question

Which of these bones is classified as a

flat bone?

a. pollex
b. carpal
c. sphenoid
d. sternum
ANSWER

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 Topic 1: Compact or Spongy?
$100 Answer

Which of these bones is classified as a flat

bone?

a. pollex
b. carpal
c. sphenoid
d. sternum
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 Topic 1: Compact or Spongy?
$200 Question

In a sample of bone if the lamellae are not

arranged in osteons, then this sample is
from the _________.

a. diaphysis
b. medullary cavity of a long bone
c. epiphysis or diaphysis
d. epiphysis ANSWER

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 Topic 1: Compact or Spongy?
$200 Answer

In a sample of bone if the lamellae are not

arranged in osteons, then this sample is
from the _________.

a. diaphysis
b. medullary cavity of a long bone
c. epiphysis or diaphysis
d. epiphysis
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 Topic 1: Compact or Spongy?
$300 Question

In osseous tissue which characteristics apply to

spongy bone?

a. no osteons, very vascular, bone marrow

cavity
b. red bone marrow, canaliculi, no osteons
c. osteons, trabeculae, bone marrow cavity
d. no osteons, lamellae, superficial, and
glossy ANSWER

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 Topic 1: Compact or Spongy?
$300 Answer

In osseous tissue which characteristics apply to

spongy bone?

a. no osteons, very vascular, bone marrow

cavity
b. red bone marrow, canaliculi, no osteons
c. osteons, trabeculae, bone marrow cavity
d. no osteons, lamellae, superficial, and
glossy
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 Topic 1: Compact or Spongy?
$400 Question

A child who enters puberty several years later

than the average age is generally taller than
average as an adult. Why?

a. Epiphyseal plates fuse during puberty.

b. Bone growth continues throughout
childhood.
c. Growth spurts usually occur at the onset
of puberty.
ANSWER
d. All of the above are correct.
BACK TO GAME
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 Topic 1: Compact or Spongy?
$400 Answer

A child who enters puberty several years later

than the average age is generally taller than
average as an adult. Why?

a. Epiphyseal plates fuse during puberty.

b. Bone growth continues throughout
childhood.
c. Growth spurts usually occur at the onset
of puberty.
d. All of the above are correct.
BACK TO GAME
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 Topic 1: Compact or Spongy?
$500 Question

Why would you expect that all people lose some

height as they age?

a. Osteomalacia causes the bones to soften.

b. Osteopenia causes a reduction in bone
mass.
c. Osteoporosis causes a reduction in bone
mass.
d. Growth hormone is no longer
available. ANSWER

BACK TO GAME
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 Topic 1: Compact or Spongy
$500 Answer

Why would you expect that all people lose some

height as they age?

a. Osteomalacia causes the bones to soften.

b. Osteopenia causes a reduction in bone
mass.
c. Osteoporosis causes a reduction in bone
mass.
d. Growth hormone is no longer
available.

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 Topic 2: Bone Cells and Tissues
$100 Question

During intramembranous ossification,

which type of tissue is replaced by bone?

a. hyaline cartilage
b. elastic tissue
c. mesenchymal connective tissue
d. adipose tissue
ANSWER

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 Topic 2: Bone Cells and Tissues
$100 Answer

During intramembranous ossification,

which type of tissue is replaced by bone?

a. hyaline cartilage
b. elastic tissue
c. mesenchymal connective tissue
d. adipose tissue

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 Topic 2: Bone Cells and Tissues
$200 Question

In endochondral ossification, what is the original

source of osteoblasts?

a. de novo synthesis
b. cells brought via the nutrient artery
c. cells of the inner layer of the
perichondrium
d. chondrocytes from the original model
ANSWER

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 Topic 2: Bone Cells and Tissues
$200 Answer

In endochondral ossification, what is the original

source of osteoblasts?

a. de novo synthesis
b. cells brought via the nutrient artery
c. cells of the inner layer of the
perichondrium
d. chondrocytes from the original model

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 Topic 2: Bone Cells and Tissues
$300 Question

How is bone remodeling accomplished?

a. Osteoclasts break down matrix while

osteoblasts form new bone matrix.
b. Osteocytes remove and replace calcium
salts simultaneously.
c. Osteoclasts are active, while
osteoprogenitor cells differentiate rapidly.
d. Osteoblasts are inhibited. ANSWER

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 Topic 2: Bone Cells and Tissues
$300 Answer

How is bone remodeling accomplished?

a. Osteoclasts break down matrix while

osteoblasts form new bone matrix.
b. Osteocytes remove and replace calcium
salts simultaneously.
c. Osteoclasts are active, while
osteoprogenitor cells differentiate rapidly.
d. Osteoblasts are inhibited
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 Topic 2: Bone Cells and Tissues
$400 Question

Which of the following is true concerning the

periosteum?

a. It has a fibrous outer layer that provides

firm attachments for tendons.
b. It provides a route for nerves and blood
vessels into bone.
c. Its cellular layer actively participates in
bone growth and repair.
ANSWER
d. All of the above are correct.
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 Topic 2: Bone Cells and Tissues
$400 Answer

Which of the following is true concerning the

periosteum?

a. It has a fibrous outer layer that provides

firm attachments for tendons.
b. It provides a route for nerves and blood
vessels into bone.
c. Its cellular layer actively participates in
bone growth and repair.
d. All of the above are correct.
BACK TO GAME
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 Topic 2: Bone Cells and Tissues
$500 Question

Which of the following describes osteoprogenitor

cells?

a. divide to produce daughter cells that

differentiate into osteoblasts
b. assist in elevating local concentrations of
calcium phosphate
c. multinucleate and derive from same stem cells
that produce monocytes
d. maintain protein and mineral content of
surrounding matrix ANSWER

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 Topic 2: Bone Cells and Tissues :
$500 Answer

Which of the following describes osteoprogenitor

cells?

a. divide to produce daughter cells that

differentiate into osteoblasts
b. assist in elevating local concentrations of
calcium phosphate
c. multinucleate and derive from same stem cells
that produce monocytes
d. maintain protein and mineral content of
surrounding matrix

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 Topic 3: Bone Dynamics
$100 Question

Which of these bony markings would be

described as hollowed-out areas usually
filled with air?

a. tuberosities
b. condyles
c. processes
d. sinuses ANSWER

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 Topic 3: Bone Dynamics
$100 Answer

Which of these bony markings would be

described as hollowed-out areas usually
filled with air?

a. tuberosities
b. condyles
c. processes
d. sinuses
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 Topic 3: Bone Dynamics
$200 Question

If the activity of osteoblasts exceeds the

activity of osteoclasts in a bone, how will
the mass of the bone be affected?

a. mass becomes porous

b. mass will not be affected
c. more mass
d. less mass ANSWER

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 Topic 3: Bone Dynamics
$200 Answer

If the activity of osteoblasts exceeds the

activity of osteoclasts in a bone, how will
the mass of the bone be affected?

a. mass becomes porous

b. mass will not be affected
c. more mass
d. less mass
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 Topic 3: Bone Dynamics
$300 Question

What statement is NOT true with regard to

spongy bone?

a. It has red bone marrow.

b. It has yellow bone marrow.
c. It is found where stress comes from
many directions.
d. All of the above statements are true.
ANSWER

BACK TO GAME
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 Topic 3: Bone Dynamics
$300 Answer

What statement is NOT true with regard to

spongy bone?

a. It has red bone marrow.

b. It has yellow bone marrow.
c. It is found where stress comes from
many directions.
d. All of the above statements are true.

BACK TO GAME
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 Topic 3: Bone Dynamics
$400 Question

Why is osteoporosis more common in older women than

in older men?

a. Testosterone levels decline in postmenopausal

women.
b. Older women tend to be more sedentary than
older men.
c. Declining estrogen levels lead to decreased
calcium deposition.
d. In males, androgens increase with age.
ANSWER

BACK TO GAME
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 Topic 3: Bone Dynamics
$400 Answer

Why is osteoporosis more common in older women than

in older men?

a. Testosterone levels decline in postmenopausal

women.
b. Older women tend to be more sedentary than
older men.
c. Declining estrogen levels lead to decreased
calcium deposition.
d. In males, androgens increase with age.

BACK TO GAME
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Topic 3: Bone Dynamics
$500 Question

Put the terms in order that describe endochondral ossification:

1. Blood vessels grow into matrix, and cells give rise to osteoblasts that
form superficial bone.
2. Chondrocytes enlarge and die leaving struts within the cavity.
3. Remodeling occurs as bone gets thicker and establishes secondary
ossification centers.
4. As blood vessels invade the diaphysis, a primary ossification is
established.

a. 1, 2, 4, 3
b. 2, 1, 3, 4
c. 2, 1, 4, 3 ANSWER

d. 1, 2, 3, 4 BACK TO GAME
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 Topic 3: Bone Dynamics
$500 Answer

Put the terms in order that describe endochondral ossification:

1. Blood vessels grow into matrix, and cells give rise to osteoblasts that
form superficial bone.
2. Chondrocytes enlarge and die leaving struts within the cavity.
3. Remodeling occurs as bone gets thicker and establishes secondary
ossification centers.
4. As blood vessels invade the diaphysis, a primary ossification is
established.

a. 1, 2, 4, 3
b. 2, 1, 3, 4
c. 2, 1, 4, 3
d. 1, 2, 3, 4 BACK TO GAME
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 Topic 4: Hormones
$100 Question

A seven-year-old child has a pituitary tumor

involving the cells that secrete growth hormone
(GH), resulting in increased levels of GH. How
will this condition affect the child’s growth?

a. The individual will be taller.

b. The individual will be shorter.
c. Growth of the individual will be erratic and
slow.
d. The GH will mostly affect the flat bones
rather than the long bones. ANSWER

BACK TO GAME
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 Topic 4: Hormones
$100 Answer

A seven-year-old child has a pituitary tumor

involving the cells that secrete growth hormone
(GH), resulting in increased levels of GH. How
will this condition affect the child’s growth?

a. The individual will be taller.

b. The individual will be shorter.
c. Growth of the individual will be erratic and
slow.
d. The GH will mostly affect the flat bones
rather than the long bones.

BACK TO GAME
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Topic 4: Hormones
$200 Question

What effect would increased PTH secretion have

on blood calcium levels?

a. higher level of calcium due to osteoclast

stimulation
b. lower level of calcium due to osteoclast
stimulation
c. lower calcium levels due to calcitriol
inhibition
d. no effect on blood calcium; PTH affects
calcium in the bones ANSWER

BACK TO GAME
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 Topic 4: Hormones
$200 Answer

What effect would increased PTH secretion have

on blood calcium levels?

a. higher level of calcium due to osteoclast

stimulation
b. lower level of calcium due to osteoclast
stimulation
c. lower calcium levels due to calcitriol
inhibition
d. no effect on blood calcium; PTH affects
calcium in the bones
BACK TO GAME
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 Topic 4: Hormones
$300 Question

A balance between which two hormones is

essential for maintaining calcium homeostasis?

a. calcitriol and parathyroid hormone

b. calcitriol and thyroxine
c. calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
d. growth hormone and sex hormones
ANSWER

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 Topic 4: Hormones
$300 Answer

A balance between which two hormones is

essential for maintaining calcium homeostasis?

a. calcitriol and parathyroid hormone

b. calcitriol and thyroxine
c. calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
d. growth hormone and sex hormones

BACK TO GAME
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 Topic 4: Hormones
$400 Question

How does calcitonin help lower the calcium ion

concentration of blood?

a. by inhibiting osteoclast activity

b. by increasing the rate of calcium
excretion at the kidneys
c. by increasing the rate of calcium uptake
by intestinal cells
d. both A and B ANSWER

BACK TO GAME
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 Topic 4: Hormones
$400 Answer

How does calcitonin help lower the calcium ion

concentration of blood?

a. by inhibiting osteoclast activity

b. by increasing the rate of calcium
excretion at the kidneys
c. by increasing the rate of calcium uptake
by intestinal cells
d. both A and B
BACK TO GAME
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 Topic 4: Hormones
$500 Question

Which hormone is correctly paired with its

function?

a. calcitonin: stimulates osteoclast activity

b. PTH: reduces calcium ion concentration
of body fluids
c. calcitriol: inhibits calcium and phosphate
ion absorption along the digestive tract
d. thyroxine: stimulates osteoblast activity
ANSWER

BACK TO GAME
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Topic 4: Hormones
$500 Answer

Which hormone is correctly paired with its

function?

a. calcitonin: stimulates osteoclast activity

b. PTH: reduces calcium ion concentration
of body fluids
c. calcitriol: inhibits calcium and phosphate
ion absorption along the digestive tract
d. thyroxine: stimulates osteoblast activity

BACK TO GAME
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Topic 5: Bone Yard
$100 Question

Why would a second fracture to a particular

bone be more likely to occur at a different site
along that bone than the first fracture?

a. The newly formed bone is slightly thicker and

stronger at the original fracture site.
b. During healing of the first fracture, calcium was
removed making the site of the second fracture
weaker.
c. The person is older when the second fracture
occurs, so their bones are weaker.
ANSWER
d. None of the above are correct.
BACK TO GAME
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 Topic 5: Bone Yard
$100 Answer

Why would a second fracture to a particular

bone be more likely to occur at a different site
along that bone than the first fracture?

a. The newly formed bone is slightly thicker and

stronger at the original fracture site.
b. During healing of the first fracture, calcium was
removed making the site of the second fracture
weaker.
c. The person is older when the second fracture
occurs, so their bones are weaker.
d. None of the above are correct.
BACK TO GAME
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 Topic 5: Bone Yard
$200 Question

Which bony marking is correctly paired with its

description?

a. fissure: depression
b. fossa: raised protrusion
c. tuberosity: process formed where
tendons and ligaments attach
d. spine: process formed for articulation
with adjacent bones ANSWER

BACK TO GAME
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 Topic 5: Bone Yard
$200 Answer

Which bony marking is correctly paired with its

description?

a. fissure: depression
b. fossa: raised protrusion
c. tuberosity: process formed where
tendons and ligaments attach
d. spine: process formed for articulation
with adjacent bones
BACK TO GAME
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 Topic 5: Bone Yard
$300 Question

How would the strength of a bone be

affected if the ratio of collagen to
hydroxyapatite increased?

a. strength increases, flexibility increases

b. strength increases, flexibility decreases
c. strength decreases, flexibility decreases
d. strength decreases, flexibility increases
ANSWER

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 Topic 5: Bone Yard
$300 Answer

How would the strength of a bone be

affected if the ratio of collagen to
hydroxyapatite increased?

a. strength increases, flexibility increases

b. strength increases, flexibility decreases
c. strength decreases, flexibility decreases
d. strength decreases, flexibility increases
BACK TO GAME
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 Topic 5: Bone Yard
$400 Question

Why does a child who has rickets have difficulty

walking?

a. Joints become fused, preventing

movement.
b. Bones are brittle and break under body
weight.
c. Bones are flexible and bend under body
weight.
ANSWER
d. Motor skills are impaired.
BACK TO GAME
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 Topic 5: Bone Yard
$400 Answer

Why does a child who has rickets have difficulty

walking?

a. Joints become fused, preventing

movement.
b. Bones are brittle and break under body
weight.
c. Bones are flexible and bend under body
weight.
d. Motor skills are impaired.
BACK TO GAME
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Topic 5: Bone Yard
$500 Question
Why are women usually shorter than men at
maturity?

a. Estrogens cause faster epiphyseal plate

closure.
b. Androgens cause faster epiphyseal plate
closure.
c. Thyroxine increases the rate of osteoblast
activity in boys before puberty.
d. Men have more growth hormone. ANSWER

BACK TO GAME
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Topic 5: Bone Yard
$500 Answer

Why are women usually shorter than men at

maturity?

a. Estrogens cause faster epiphyseal plate

closure.
b. Androgens cause faster epiphyseal plate
closure.
c. Thyroxine increases the rate of osteoblast
activity in boys before puberty.
d. Men have more growth hormone.
BACK TO GAME
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
 FINAL ROUND Question

What are the functional relationships between compact and

spongy bone?

a. Spongy bone resists stress from many directions

while compact bone is extremely strong when
stressed along the axis of alignment.
b. Spongy bone is strong along its main axis of
alignment while compact bone resists stress from
many directions.
c. Both spongy and compact bone resist stresses
from all angles except a sudden force to the side of
the bone. ANSWER
d. None of the above are correct.
BACK TO GAME
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 FINAL ROUND Answer

What are the functional relationships between compact and

spongy bone?

a. Spongy bone resists stress from many directions

while compact bone is extremely strong when
stressed along the axis of alignment.
b. Spongy bone is strong along its main axis of
alignment while compact bone resists stress from
many directions.
c. Both spongy and compact bone resist stresses
from all angles except a sudden force to the side
of the bone.
d. None of the above are correct.
BACK TO GAME
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.