Situation: the autotrophs have produced
sugar and oxygen.
Energy
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
Now – how do we RELEASE the energy
in that sugar?
Need to turn the sugar into ATP
ATP is the cell’s energy molecule
What Does ATP Do for
You?
It supplies YOU with ENERGY!
How Do We Get Energy From
ATP?
By breaking the last P – P bond
Adenine P P P
Adenine P P P
How Does That Happen?
An Enzyme!
When is ATP Made in the
Body?
• During cellular respiration
• both plants & animals do it!
Cellular Respiration:
releasing the energy in food as ATP
Question:
In what kinds organisms does cellular
respiration take place?
Cellular Respiration is the
reverse of photosynthesis
ATP
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O+ energy
What are the Stages of
Cellular Respiration?
In cytoplasm
1. Glycolysis (sugar is split)
In mitochondria:
2. The Krebs Cycle (citric acid cycle)
3. The Electron Transport Chain
ETC
Krebs Cycle
Glycolysis
Look at textbook pp 222 - 228
Step 1: Glycolysis
Glucose 2 pyruvic acid
C-C-C-C-C-C C-C-C + C-C-C
[Link]
ml
Mitochondria
Organelle where cellular respiration takes
place.
Step 2: Kreb’s Cycle
C-C-C CO2 & a whole bunch of NADHs
[Link]
Electron Transport Chain
High energy electrons used to
convert ADP to ATP
[Link]
ments/Biology/Bio231/[Link]
Glycolysis CR: 36 NET ATP
O2
C-C-C-C-C-C
ETC
Krebs Cycle
C-C-C
CO2 + NADH ATP + H2O
Animation of CR:
[Link]/BiologicalSciences/Faculty/DMeyer/[Link]
[Link]
But what happens when there is
no oxygen present?
Only Glycolysis can occur
O2
Glycolysis
ETC
Krebs Cycle
C-C-C-C-C-C
C-C-C
Fermentation
Occurs when O2 is NOT present
AKA anaerobic respiration
Two types:
Lactic Acid fermentation (muscle cells)
Alcoholic fermentation (yeast)
Nets only 2 ATP (instead of 36)
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Animals (pain in muscle after workout)
C
C
C C C
Glycolysis C C
C
C C C
C Pyruvic
acid
Lactic Acid
glucose
Alcohol Fermentation
Plants and Fungi beer and wine
C
C
C C
Glycolysis C C
C C
C C
C Pyruvic Ethanol
acid
glucose
Aerobic or Anaerobic Respiration
Question:
Glucose (carbohydrate) is the main
source of food for making ATP from
cellular respiration.
What other food molecules can be used
in Cellular Respiration?
Other organic molecules used for fuel:
1. Carbohydrates: polysaccharides
2. Fats: glycerols and fatty acids
3. Proteins: amino acids
