DR. GUL .E.
AFSHAN VICTOR
DPT , [Link]
LECTURURE , CLINICAL SUPERVISOR
ANATOMY OF FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 1
pelvic cavity
FORMATION OF
is a body cavity that is bounded PELVIS
The pelvis forms the base
by the bones of the pelvis. Its of the spine as well as the
socket of the hip joint.
oblique roof is the pelvic inlet
pelvic bones include the
(the superior opening of the hip bones, sacrum, and
coccyx. ... Ischium: Below
the ilium and next to
pelvis). Its lower boundary is
the pubis, this
circular bone creates the
the pelvic floor. lowest portion of the
hip bone. 2
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Characteristics of female Components of female pelvis
pelvis
The lower part of the abdomen
1.. Reproductive organs .
that is located between the hip
bones in a female. 2.. Urinary bladder .
female pelvis is usually more
3.. Rectum .
delicate ,wider angle of pubic
arch is wide and round. sacrum 4.. Major arteries, veins, muscles,
is wider
and nerves, ligaments .
iliac bone is flatter. 4
FEMALE PELVIS TYPES
COMPONETS OF TRUE
1… LESSER or TRUE PELVIS
PELVIC
the pelvic colon,
is the space enclosed by the pelvic Uterus & vagina .
rectum is at the back, in the
girdle and below the pelvic brim:
curve of the sacrum
and coccyx .
between the pelvic inlet and
the bladder is in front,
the pelvic floor. This cavity is a short, behind the pubic symphysis
The pelvic splanchnic
curved canal, deeper on its posterior nerves arising at S2-S4 are
in the lesser pelvis.
than on its anterior wall. 5
FEMALE PELVIS TYPES
COMPONENTS OF FALSE
2…Greater or FALSE PELVIC
PELVIS
Space enclosed by the pelvic girdle
intestines (specifically,
above and in front of the pelvic brim.
the ileum and sigmoid colon.
It is generally considered part of
the abdominal cavity (this is why it is The femoral nerve from L2-
sometimes called the false pelvis).
L4 is in the greater pelvis.
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STRUCTURES OF FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
EXTERNAL INTERNAL
REPRODUCTIVE PARTS REPRODUCTIVE PARTS
The vulva includes **vagina,
** mons pubis ,
** uterus,
** pudendal cleft ,
** labia majora ,
** Fallopian tubes, and
** labia minora ,
** Bartholin's glands , ** ovaries.
** clitoris , and
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ORGANS OF REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
*** VAGINA or BIRTH CANAL
*** CERVIX
is a fibromuscular (made up of
fibrous and muscular tissue) Is the neck of the uterus, the lower,
ATTACHEMENTS:
narrow portion where it joins
cervix of the uterus or womb. with the upper part of the vagina.
vagina potentially
enabling fertilization of the egg It is cylindrical or conical in
cell (ovum) to take place.
shape and protrudes through the
upper anterior vaginal wall. 9
UTERUS
The uterus is a pear-shaped muscular organ. Its major
function is fertilized ovum implanted into the endometrium ,
and derives nourishment from blood vessels which develop
exclusively for this purpose.
The uterus can be divided anatomically into four regions:
the fundus – the uppermost rounded portion of the uterus,
the corpus (body), the cervix, and the cervical canal
The uterus contains three suspensory ligaments that help
stabilize the position of the uterus and limits its range of
movement. The uterosacral ligaments keep the body from
moving inferiorly and anteriorly. The round ligaments
restrict posterior movement of the uterus. The cardinal
ligaments also prevent the inferior movement of the uterus.
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FALLOPION or UTRINE TUBE
The Fallopian tubes are two tubes leading from the ovaries into
the uterus. On maturity of an ovum, the follicle and the ovary's
wall rupture, allowing the ovum to escape and enter the
Fallopian tube. There it travels toward the uterus, pushed along
by movements of cilia on the inner lining of the tubes. This trip
takes hours or days. If the ovum is fertilized while in the
Fallopian tube, then it normally implants in the endometrium
when it reaches the uterus, which signals the beginning
of pregnancy .
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Fimbriae – finger-like, ciliated projections which
capture the ovum from the surface of the ovary.
Infundibulum – funnel-shaped opening near the
ovary to which fimbriae are attached.
Ampulla – widest section of the uterin
e tubes. Fertilization usually occurs here.
Isthmus – narrow section of the uterine tubes
connecting the ampulla to the uterine cavity. 12
OVARIES
The ovaries are small, paired organs located near the
lateral walls of the pelvic cavity. These organs are
responsible for the production of the egg cells (ova)
and the secretion of hormones. The process by which
the egg cell (ovum) is released is called ovulation.
The speed of ovulation is periodic and impacts
directly to the length of a menstrual cycle.
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PELVIC FLOOR or DIAPHRAGM or
PELVIC TRAMPOLINE
LAYERS OF PELVIC FLOOR ARE AS FOLLOW .
*** Endo pelvic fascia .
pubo cervical and recto vaginal fasciae ..
Compose of collagen and elastin . This connects
pelvic organ to pelvic side walls.
*** cardinal ligaments .. These are Transverse
cervical and uterosacral ligaments .
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PELVIC FLOOR or DIAPHRAGM or
PELVIC TRAMPOLINE
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NERVE INNERVATION OF FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
*** A.N.S both sympathetic and parasympathetic
via pelvic plexus . ( T10.. L1 ). ( S 2 .. S 4 ).
*** Sensory nerve endings more in cervix .
*** Hypo gastric plexus .. Labor pain , thru post
root of ( T 10 … L 1) .
** Pudendal nerve thru spinal cord
( S 2 .. S4 )… perineum
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CIRCULATION OF FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM .
ARTERIAL SUPPLY VENOUS RETURN
** left & right internal iliac *** internal iliac vessels .
artery .
**uterine arteries develop LYMHPHATIC
during pregnancy to serve DRAINAGE:
enlarging uterus and
Highly developed with nodes
placenta.
which good defense against
infections but also facilitate
There is considerable overlap metastasis of sarcomas .
b/w these arteries that if
bleeding occurs then
difficult to manage . 20
SUSPENSORY LIGAMENTS OF
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
*** broad ligament :: ** cardinal and
Mackenrodt’s ligaments
attach lateral inner serface of or substantial transverse
pelvis .. Overies attach cervical ligament .
posterior to it .
*** round ligaments :: Provide attachment of
cervical to lateral walls of
pelvis. Form by
anterior aspect of uterus. Both
condensation of lower
these ligaments permit
fringe of broad ligament .
movement of uterus , tubes
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SUSPENSORY LIGAMENTS OF FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
** Uterosacral ligaments . Strong fibro muscular
band of fascia connects cervix to upper part of
vagina to lower part of sacrum .
** transcervical & uterosacral both ligaments
helps to suspend cervix
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THE ABDOMINAL MUSCLES
1.. Transverse abdominis ..deepest group.
2.. Internal & external oblique .
They both make apponeurosis called tendinous raphe
at linea alba .
3… rectus abdominis reinforces tendinous raphe .
Nerve & blood innervation of abdominal muscles :
*** Lower six thoracic nerves ,iliohypogastric &
ilioinguinal nerves .
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