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SUPPORT IN REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURES
Namyalo Immaculate
BDS IV
2/9/2024
Outline
• Tooth and mucosa support
• Rests and rest seats
• Denture bases
• Distal and saddles
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Introduction
• Support is the resistance to the movement of the
prosthesis against vertically acting forces towards the
ridge.
• Support is required to reduce any orthodontic activity of
the denture on to the teeth
• It also helps counteract against residual ridge resorption
which would be accelerated by the vertically acting forces
• The components of the cast partial denture that provides
support is called REST
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Tooth supported
• Derrive all their support from abutment teeth
• Do not move appreciably following functional loading,
resistance is by the abutment teeth
• Applied for prostheses in Kennedy class III and short
span class IV
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Tooth-tissue supported
Extension base/Distal extension
• Here we have a tooth at one end and denture bearing
tissues at the other end
• Higher chances of moving following functional loading due
to the resilience of the oral mucosa
• Employed in prostheses of Kennedy class I and II and
long span class IV
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Tissue supported
• Primarily supported by the tissues of the denture bearing
area (mucosa)
• Some support is by contact of the denture above the
height of contour of natural teeth
• They move upon functional loading(soft tissue damage)
• They should be used for a short time as interim dentures
• Kennedy type IV
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Rests and Rest Seats
• Rest:The component of a removable partial denture that
transfers forces down the long axes of the abutment teeth
• Rest seats :The prepared surfaces of the teeth into which
rests fit.
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Rests and Rest Seats
• Primary Rest:Rest that is part of a retentive clasp
assembly.
• Prevent vertical movement of a prosthesis toward the
tissues and also help transmit applied forces to the
supporting teeth.
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Rests and Rest Seats
Auxiliary rest or secondary rest.
A rest that is responsible for additional support
or indirect retention .
Auxiliary or secondary rests are used as indirect
retainers in extension base removable partial
dentures (Class I, Class II, and long-span Class
IV applications).
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Rests and Rest Seats
Forms of Rests
• Occlusal rests—so named because they are seated on
the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth
• Lingual or cingulum rests—those seated on the lingual
surfaces of anterior teeth, usually maxillary canines
• Incisal rests—those seated on the incisal edges of
anterior teeth
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Functions of rests
• The primary purpose of the rest is to provide vertical
support for the partial denture. In doing so, it also does
the following:
• 1. Maintains components in their planned positions
• 2. Maintains established occlusal relationships by
preventing settling of the denture
• 3. Prevents impingement of soft tissue
• 4. Directs and distributes occlusal loads to abutment
teeth
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Preparation of rest seats
• Rest seats should be prepared using light pressure with
a high speed handpiece
• Can be done with or without water spray as minimal
heat is generated
• Avoid anaesthesia since the preparation is usually
entirely in enamel
• Medium round burs(size 2 and 4) are usually used for
preparation
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Rest seat form
A. Occlusal Rest Seats
• The outline form - rounded triangular shape with the
apex toward the center of the occlusal surface
• . It should be as long as it is wide, and the base of the
triangular shape should be at least 2.5 mm for both
molars and premolars.
• The angle formed by the occlusal rest and the vertical
minor connector from which it originates should be
less than 90 degrees
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Rest Seat Form
Incisal rest seat
The deepest part of the preparation should be toward
the center of the tooth mesiodistally.
The notch should be rounded and should extend slightly
onto the facial surface to provide a positive seat for the
rest.
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Rest seat form
Lingual/cingulum rest seats
Form -V shaped when viewed in cross section
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Denture bases
• Functions of Bases • Accuracy of adaptation to the
• Support tissues, with minimal volume
• Retention
change
• Dense, nonirritating surface
• Esthetics
capable of receiving and
• Stimulation of the underlying maintaining a good finish
tissues of the residual ridge. • Thermal conductivity
• Low specific gravity; lightweight
in the mouth
• Sufficient strength; resistance
Ideal denture base material to fracture or distortion
• Easily kept clean
• Esthetic acceptability
• Potential for future relining
•
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Denture bases
Materials
1. Acrylic resin bases
• Most commonly used base material in RPDs
• Heat or chemically activated PMM resins
• They should be routinely used in distal extension cases
to allow for relining of the base to maintain mucosal
support.
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Acrylic resin bases
Advantages
• Ability to reline the base as the supporting tissues change
• Esthetically superior to metal bases
• Ease of repair
Disadvantages
• Dimensional stability is less compared with metal bases
• Lower strength
• Porous
• Low thermal conductivity
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Advantages
Enhanced thermal conductivity
Metal Bases
Improved adaptation to underlying
Commercially tissues
pure titanium,
Improved Hygiene
Alloys of
cobalt,
Weight and bulk
chromium and Strength
nickel. Disadvantages
titanium and
Less esthetic
Type IV gold
alloys. Can not be relined
Can’t be adjusted
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Flange Extension
• Denture bases for tooth-tissue supported partial
dentures should be extended to provide the greatest
available surface area without overextension on
movable boarder tissues
• Maxillary distal extension denture bases should
terminate at the hamular notches
• Mandibular distal extension denture bases should
terminate on the retromolar pads
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Saddle
• Part of the denture framework that rests on the
edentulous ridge and carries the artificial teeth.
• Supports the denture
• Distributes the forces of biting and chewing.
• Bounded Teeth present at both ends
• Free-end Teeth present at only the anterior
end
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References
1. Stewart’s Clinical Removable Partial prosthodontics
2. McCracken’s REMOVABLE PARTIAL
PROSTHODONTICS 13th edition
3. Google
