THE HUMAN

PERSON
IN SOCIETY
 LET'S EMBARK!
At the end of the lesson, the students
will be able to:
; recognize how individuals form society and how individuals are
transformed by the societies.
pare different forms of societies and individualities

;explain how human relations are

transformed by social systems
;evaluate how social systems transform human relationships,
and how socities trasform individual human beings
 WHAT IS SOCIETY?
WHAT DRIVES HUMAN BEINGS TO ESTABLISH
SOCIETIES?

• Have you ever thought about your place in this world and
among the people you interact with everyday?
• Have you ever reflected on how your presence has
affected the world and people around you?
 THE HUMAN PERSON IN SOCIETY

The person is by nature a

social being because he
The human or she has a tendency to In a person's life, we
person exist to go out of him/herself to experience a variety of
relate with others. form bonds and relationships that help
relationship with others. us shape as a person.
Infants first relate with their family and
guardians as the source of basic needs.
As they grow, they expand their horizons and
start relating with people who are not part of
their immediate family.
As they grow into adulthood, relationships
and responsibilities also change because we
play more significant role in the communities
 > Our freedom gives us the opportunity to pursue various activities
to achieve our goals and attain well-being or happiness.

> As we live our lives, and The tendency to form groups is

expand our experiences, we
NOT exclusive to human beings
encounter other people who
are acting in similar ways. only. Other animals also form
groups for mutual protection and
> The pursuit of our goals is
survival.
made easier by the fact that we
do not need to do our activities Humans, however, are the
alone, that we can live our life only beings capable of
and pursue our happiness with establishing a society.
other people by our side.
 SOCIETY

• An organized group of people

whose members interact frequently
and have a common territory and
culture
• It also refers to a companionship
or friendly association with others,
an alliance, a community, or a
 > Philosophers consider society as the product of deliberate
actions by individuals who come together in pursuit of a common
goal.

Society is considered unique among all other groups

because of the nature of human person that compose
it, as well as the relationship among its members.

As individual persons, members of society are able to

transform themselves and attain development through
their interactions within society. In turn, humans are
also able to influence society through their actions.
 The survival of a human being is
essentially rooted in society and human
relations.

If there is no family to
take care of an infant,
the infant will eventually
die.
As the individual When you finished your
grows, he/she begins education, society has already
to experience life equipped you with knowledge
outside and begins to and skills that enable you to
effectively interact with your
interact with others in 4
different settings. sociey as a productive indiviual
2 . 3 Society provides
you opportunities
1 Society and its various aspects provides
to further your
support that ensures the development of the
growth in the
human person. For instance, your education
first starts at home with you family members,. coming years.
This education continues and develops as you
 SOCIAL
.
CONTRACT
THEORY
 SOCIAL CONTRACT
THEORIES
Several philosophers put forth their theories regarding the
formation of societies.
> Philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean
Jacques Rousseau, were among the most prominent social
theorist who tackled the origin of human societies .
> To fully understand the true character of society, they imagined
humans as living in a so-called "natural state" , removed from
modernity and civilization.
> Examining humans in their natural state afforded these
 Views that emerged to explain the developments that
brought about the emergence of human society:

THOMAS HOBBES
• Persons in their natural state are governed by their desires and these
often lead conflicts with their fellow man.• Society therefore, is a means
by which people seek to control their natural tendencies and impose
order.
• Individuas who establish societies enter into a "social contract" — an
agreement where individuals sacrifice an amount of their freedom and
submit to higher authority . In this way, society is able to function and
meet the needs of many, ensuring the survival of humanity.
 Views that emerged to explain the developments that
brought about the emergence of human society:

JOHN LOCKE
• Unlike Hobbes, Locke considered persons in their natural states
as more cooperative and reasonable, and that society is formed
through the consent of individuals that organized it. This concept is
known as the consent of the governed.
• Locke's social contract is covenant among individuals to
cooperate and share burden of upholding the welfare of the society.
 Views that emerged to explain the developments that
brought about the emergence of human society:

JOHN LOCKE
• The authority established to run the society should
reflect the ideals of the people who organized it.
• If the authority fail to uphold its obligations or to live up
with the ideals of people, it will be discarded and replaced
with a new one.
 Views that emerged to explain the developments that
brought about the emergence of human society:

JEAN JAQUES ROUSSEAU

• His ideas on the social contract led him to advocate the
concept of the "general will". Rouseau believed that
even if the people are the ones who organied societes,
and established an autority or government, in extreme
cases, the government is able to impose its will on the
 Views that emerged to explain the developments that
brought about the emergence of human society:

JEAN JAQUES ROUSSEAU

• This is based on the assumption that the people have
empowered the goverment to act on their behalf, and
that is considered to be the best judge of what is most
beneficial for society.
 MORE VIEWS ON THE
SOCIAL CONTRACT
THAT GIVES EMPHASIS
TO INDIVIUAL
DECISION -MAKING IN
SOCIETY
JOHN RAWIS
• He introduced a version of natural state which he
called the original position to explain social formation.
• He imagined humans as having a "veil of ignorance" or
no knowledge of one's own characteristics such as
gender, race, or social status.
• In this state, human would naturally seek a just and fair
society in an effort to look out for their own interests.
DAVID GAUTHIER
• He described people's self-interest as a significant
factor in building and maintaining societies. People
choose to cooperate since it is beneficial to meet their
self interest.
DIFFERENT
FORMS OF
SOCIETIES
HUNTING AND GATHERING SOCIETY
Earliest and simplest form of society.
It is characterized by its small size
and is composed mainly of families.
They are nomadic because they
spend most of their time searching
for food and thus, have no
PASTORAL SOCIETY
Characterized by domestication of animals
for food for a more stable and predictable
food supply.

Pastoral communities have larger

population than hunting and gathering
societies remain longer in one place.
HORTICULURAL SOCIETY
Engages in a small- scale cultivation of
plants, fruits, and vegetables and the
domestication of animals.

This kind of society is semi-nomadic, which

means they travel to another place when
they have already depleted the resources in
one area.
AGRARIAN OR AGRICULTURAL
SOCIETY
Further evolution of the pastoral and
horticultural society. Agriculture involves a
large-scale and long term cultivation of crops
and domestication of animals.

This society is characterized by improved

technology and and the use of tools to aid in
farming.
 FEUDAL SOCIETY
It is based on the ownership of the land. This
society arose out of developments in Western
Europe during Medieval times, when rival
kingdoms were engaged in conflicts over
resources, particularly land.

In feudal society, rulers grant their followers or

vassals the right to manage parcels of land.
 INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
Based on the use of specialized machinery in the
production of goods and services. The advances in
science and technology in the late 18th century resulted
in the Industrial Revolution , which turn gave rise to new
production and industrial methods, as well as
innovations in transportations and communication.
These technological advances resulted in improved
trades and commerce and better life conditions of many
people.
POST- INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
Marked by the establishment of societies
based on knowledge, information, and sale
of services.

Led by the human mind and aided by highly

advanced technology, the trend has shifted
from industry to the generation, storage,
manipulation, and sale of information.
HOW DOES SOCIETY INFLUENCE OUR
DEVELOPMENT AS PERSONS?
• You cannot think of a person outside of society
and you cannot think of a society without
persons.
• The person and the society have a very
dynamic relationship in which we cannot
exist without the other.
HOW DOES SOCIETY INFLUENCE OUR
DEVELOPMENT AS PERSONS?
Society influences our development as persons
in various ways:
✓ Society is the backdrop by which we adopt the
culture, identity, values, ideas, and knowledge of
the persons, groups, and communities that
sorround us.
HOW DOES SOCIETY INFLUENCE OUR
DEVELOPMENT AS PERSONS?
Think of various groups and institutions in
society that have contributed to your identity as a
person. Your interactions with your family,
friends, schoolmates, teachers, and other people
in your community have all left indelible marks
on your identity.
HOW DOES SOCIETY INFLUENCE OUR
DEVELOPMENT AS PERSONS?
✓ Society influences the interactions of its
members through the establishment of norms
which are the set of traits and behavior that
society considers acceptable and thus
encouraged and passed on to other members.
When you meet a person for the first time, what
do you do? The first thing that comes into your
mind is to say "Hello!" . Some will offer
handshakes to the other person as a greeting. A
handshake is a simple gesture but it shows how
society expects us to behave when we are with
other people. Ever since you were a child, you
have been constantly reminded to greet your
✓ Society, through the establishment of norms can
also influence the knowledge and ideas of people.
Ex. If the traffic light flashes red (🔴) , what does it
mean? We all know that red light means to stop , but
who established that the color red will be the universal
signal for STOP on the road? We have learned to
accept the statement "the red traffic light means stop"
as truth because society has established that fact and
Think of all the rules and traditions that have placed in our society
for a long time. What rule in our society would result in chaos if it
were changed?

> Laws are more formal norms that > Folkways are less formal
establish and define acceptable behavior norms that arise from traditions

of citizens. These also prescribe and do not result in

punishment when violated.
consequences or penalties that will be
imposed on violators.
HOW DOES SOCIETY ENABLE ME TO BECOME A
BETTER PERSON?
• Society recognizes the capability of the
person to develop, and provide its members
with opportunities to better themselves.
Effective and efficient public service, education,
and maintenance of the peace and order are some
of the ways society ensure that we are able to have
a productive lives and realize our potential.
 TERMS
AND
DEFINITIONS
SOCIAL SYSTEM - organized or pattern set of
relationships among individuals and groups that
compose a society.

SOCIAL ROLE - actions and behaviors expected of a

certain individual.

SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS - certain groups that perform

vital functions in society.
e.g. ( family, school, government, and reigion)
SOCIAL VALUES - actions or ideals that are
considered important by society. Values such as
cooperation, obedience to the law, concern for others,
and respect for others are considered vital in
maintaining an orderly society.
SOCIAL MOVEMENT - large-scale action done by
various groups and organization in pursuit of a
common goal to bring about change.
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!!!