希臘國債危機：修订间差异
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{{update|time=2015-06-29}}
{{Greek economic crisis}}
[[File:Long-term interest rates (eurozone).png|left|thumb|alt=與鄰近地區相比的長期貸款利率]]
[[File:Greece public debt 1999-2010.svg|
'''希臘國債危機'''，又稱'''希臘債務危機'''，是現時[[歐洲主權債務危機]]之一。
自2009年末開始，因為希臘[[國債]]水平增長強勁，[[投資者]]紛紛關注希臘償還債務的能力，主權債務危機的恐懼正逐漸醞釀。<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Higgins |first1= Matthew |last2= Klitgaard |first2= Thomas |year= 2011 |title= Saving Imbalances and the Euro Area Sovereign Debt Crisis |url= http://www.newyorkfed.org/research/current_issues/ci17-5.pdf |journal= Current Issues in Economics and Finance |volume= 17 |issue= 5 |publisher= Federal Reserve Bank of New York |accessdate= 2012-04-05 |archive-date= 2015-07-06 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150706075101/http://www.newyorkfed.org/research/current_issues/ci17-5.pdf
希臘國債在2010年4月被降級至[[垃圾債券]]評級，敲起金融市場的警鐘。2010年5月2日，歐元區國家和[[國際貨幣基金組織]]同意向希臘提供
最後一個條件——即是成功重組所有希臘國債——達成之後，第二輪紓困協議最終在2012年2月獲得所有黨派批准，一個月之後生效
2012年5月中，危機和大選之後希臘無望組成新的聯合政府，導致
2015年1月25日，希臘國會大選，激進左派聯盟（Syriza）擊敗保守新民主黨（New Democracy Party），以逾36%得票率贏得勝選，成為歐洲第一個公開反對撙節政策而當選執政的政黨。激進左派聯盟要求與歐洲聯盟（EU）、歐洲中央銀行（ECB）和國際貨幣基金（IMF）重新談判高達2,400億歐元（約-{zh-cn:[[人民币]]16,500亿元; zh-hk:[[港幣]]2.1兆元; zh-tw:[[新台幣]]8.7兆元}-）的希臘紓困案，並削減希臘部分的沉重外債。
== 註釋 ==▼
2015年6月30日，希腊成为第一个未能准时偿还[[国际货币基金组织]]贷款的发达国家。貸款到期後拖延了20天才還清。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/business/greece-fails-to-make-imf-payment-as-bailout-expires-1.2446852|title=Greece fails to make IMF payment as bailout expires|work=CTVNews|first1=Elena|last1=Becatoros|first2=Raf|last2=Casert|date=30 June 2015|access-date=3 July 2015|archive-date=2020-12-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211222632/https://www.ctvnews.ca/business/greece-fails-to-make-imf-payment-as-bailout-expires-1.2446852|dead-url=no}}</ref>7月5日，希臘就是否接受國際債權人救助方案舉行[[2015年希臘紓困公投]]，結果反對方逾六成，方案被否決。7月13日，欧元区领导人就第三次援助计划达成了临时协议。<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ekathimerini.com/201639/article/ekathimerini/business/investor-paul-kazarian-returns-with-campaign-for-five-star-finance-minister|title=Investor Paul Kazarian returns with campaign for 'five-star' finance minister|first=Ilias|last=Bellos|work=Kathimerini|access-date=21 May 2020|date=17 September 2015|archive-date=2020-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811014532/https://www.ekathimerini.com/201639/article/ekathimerini/business/investor-paul-kazarian-returns-with-campaign-for-five-star-finance-minister|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://greece.greekreporter.com/2016/12/10/greece-largest-private-debt-owner-says-greek-debt-is-much-lower-than-we-think-video/|title=Greece's Largest Private Debt Owner Says Greek Debt Is Much Lower Than We Think|website=GreekReporter.com|last=Chrysopoulos|first=Philip|access-date=21 May 2020|date=10 December 2016|archive-date=2020-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815085119/https://greece.greekreporter.com/2016/12/10/greece-largest-private-debt-owner-says-greek-debt-is-much-lower-than-we-think-video/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
2017年7月13日，希腊政府向国际货币基金组织承诺在2018年6月之前修改劳动法以及减少社会保障支出。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.capital.gr/News.asp?id=2436103|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713100604/http://english.capital.gr/News.asp?id=2436103|url-status=dead|archive-date=2017-07-13|title=Greece reiterates pledge to IMF to implement 21 prior actions by June 2018|last=Capital.gr}}</ref>
2018年6月21日，希腊债权人同意将價值966亿的欧元贷款的歸還日期延长10年。<ref name="Greece Debt deal 2018">{{cite news |url= https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-06-21/greece-s-creditors-agree-landmark-debt-deal-as-bailout-saga-ends |title= Greece's Creditors Agree to Landmark Debt Deal as Bailout Saga Ends |work= Bloomberg |date= 22 June 2018 |access-date= 31 August 2018 |archive-date= 2018-08-16 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180816211149/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-06-21/greece-s-creditors-agree-landmark-debt-deal-as-bailout-saga-ends |dead-url= no }}</ref>8月20日，希臘退出救助计划。<ref name="Bailout exit">{{cite news |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eurozone-greece-bailout/greece-exits-final-bailout-successfully-esm-idUSKCN1L40OG |title= Greece exits final bailout successfully: ESM |work= Reuters |date= 20 August 2018 |access-date= 31 August 2018 |archive-date= 2018-08-31 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180831081000/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eurozone-greece-bailout/greece-exits-final-bailout-successfully-esm-idUSKCN1L40OG |dead-url= no }}</ref>
2022年8月10日，[[欧盟委员会]]宣布，希腊政府已兑现大部分政策承诺，因此决定于8月20日正式结束对希腊财政的强化监管机制。<ref name=央視/>
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=== 来源 ===
* Ronald Janssen, 'Greece and the IMF:Who Exactly is Being Saved?' (July 2010) [http://www.scribd.com/doc/34895662/Greece-and-the-IMF-Who-Exactly-is-Being-Saved CEPR] {{Wayback|url=http://www.scribd.com/doc/34895662/Greece-and-the-IMF-Who-Exactly-is-Being-Saved |date=20160305164209 }}▼
{{希腊主题}}
{{financial crises}}
▲== 參考 ==
▲*Ronald Janssen, 'Greece and the IMF:Who Exactly is Being Saved?' (July 2010) [http://www.scribd.com/doc/34895662/Greece-and-the-IMF-Who-Exactly-is-Being-Saved CEPR]
[[Category:希臘國債危機| ]]
[[Category:
[[Category:金融危機]]
[[Category:政府財政]]
[[Category:希臘債務]]
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