Berlin Wall

**Berlin Wall**
	barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic, enclosing West Berlin Berlin Wall in November 1975 Tvärsnittsvy
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Instance of	cordon; destroyed building or structure; tourist attraction; fortified line; separation barrier;
Part of	Inner German border; Iron Curtain;
Named after	Berlin;
Made from material	reinforced concrete;
Location	Berlin; East Berlin; West Germany; German Democratic Republic; Germany;
Commissioned by	German Democratic Republic (Soviet Union);
Heritage designation	Heritage monument in Berlin;
Inception	13 August 1961;
Dissolved, abolished or demolished date	9 November 1989 (fall of the Berlin Wall);
Significant event	construction of the Berlin Wall (1961); fall of the Berlin Wall (1989);
Length	155 km;
Height	3.6 m;
Capital cost	100,000,000 East German mark;
Different from	Berlin Customs Wall;
Said to be the same as	Anti-Fascist Protection Rampart
	official website
	52° 30′ 16″ N, 13° 26′ 28″ E
Authority file
	Q5086; VIAF ID: 244103871; GND ID: 4094837-7; Library of Congress authority ID: sh85013357; Bibliothèque nationale de France ID: 119380937; IdRef ID: 084361409; NL CR AUT ID: ph202193; U.S. National Archives Identifier: 10637994; BabelNet ID: 03082469n; J9U ID: 987007283267105171; Berlin cultural heritage ID: 09040271; OpenStreetMap relation ID: 6651797
	Reasonator; Scholia; Wikidocumentaries; KML file; WikiShootMe; OpenStreetMap; Search depicted;

العربية: سور برلين فصل بين ما كان الجزء الشرقي والجزء الغربي من برلين لمدة 28 عامًا.

Български: Берлинската стена, разделяща ФРГ и ГДР 28 години.

English: The Berlin Wall separated the former east and west parts of Berlin for 28 years.

Bahasa Indonesia: Tembok Berlin pernah memisahkan bagian barat dan timur Berlin selama 28 tahun.

Deutsch: Die Berliner Mauer trennte für 28 Jahre Berlin in zwei Hälften.

Español: El Muro de Berlín mantuvo separada la ciudad de Berlín durante 28 años.

Euskara: Berlingo Harresiak Berlingo mendebaldea (BDR) eta ekialdea (DDR) 28 urtez banandu zuen.

Français : Le Mur de Berlin séparait les côtés Est (DDR) et Ouest (BRD) de Berlin pendant 28 ans.

עברית: חומת ברלין הפרידה בין החלקים המזרחי והמערבי לשעבר של העיר ברלין למשך 28 שנים.

Italiano: Il Muro di Berlino ha separato la parte Est (DDR) dalla parte Ovest (BRD) della città di Berlino per 28 anni

文言：柏林圍牆，絕東西柏林，凡二十有八年，為冷戰之徽誌也。

Português: O Muro de Berlim separou as metades Ocidental e Oriental de Berlim durante 28 anos.

Русский: Берлинская стена разделила бывшие западную и восточную части Берлина на 28 лет.

Slovenščina: Berlinski zid je bila zidu podobna zgradba, ki je ločevala bivši vzhodni in zahodni del Berlina.

Polski: Mur Berliński dzielił Berlin na część zachodnią i wschodnią przez 28 lat.

<nowiki>Muro de Berlín; Berliński mur; Berlínarmúrinn; Tembok Berlin; د برلین دیوال; برلن کند; دیوار برلن; Berlínsky múr; Берлінський мур; 柏林墙; Berliner Mauer; Berlin devorining qulatilishi; Берлин қабырғасы; Берлински ѕид; Berlinski zid; Mur de Berlin; Berlinski zid; बर्लिनची भिंत; Берлински зид; Berliner Mauer; Berlinmuren; Berlin divarı; Barlin Dívál; Berlin muvrâ; جدار برلين; Moger Berlin; ဘာလင် တံတိုင်း; 柏林圍牆; Muriu de Berlín; Mur de Berlín; Берлин диуары; Mur Berlin; Mür de Berlin; Muri i Berlinit; دیوار برلین; 柏林圍牆; Berlinmuren; ბერლინის კედელი; ベルリンの壁; Muro de Berlin; سور برلين; බර්ලින් තාප්පය; Murus Berolinensis; बर्लिन की दीवार; 柏林墙; Berliinin muuri; Berlin Wall; பேர்லின் சுவர்; berlinse mure; Бэрлінскі мур; Muru di Birlinu; กำแพงเบอร์ลิน; Berlinski zid; Miâgia de Berlin; Berliner Muure; Muro de Berlin; པེར་ལིན་ལྕགས་རི།; Muru di Berlinu; Berlin pāntli; برلین دیوار; Берлинска стена; Zidul Berlinului; Muro 'e Berlino; Rindrin'i Berlin; Berlinmuren; 柏林圍牆; Muro di Berlin; 베를린 장벽; Berlinmúrurin; Berlina muro; Muraya di Berlin; دیوار برلن; বার্লিন প্রাচীর; Témbok Berlin; בערלינער וואנט; Berlinska murja; Bức tường Berlin; ბერლინიშ კიდა; Berlynse Muur; Muro de Berlim; Berlin Waw; Берлиний хана; Berlinmuren; ಬರ್ಲಿನ್ ಗೋಡೆ; دیواری بەرلین; Berlin Wall; Berlin mongoraha; berlini fal; የበርሊን ግድግዳ; Berlingo harresia; Dêsê Berlini; Berlin pirqa; Berliner Mauer; Берлінская сцяна; Hêta Berlînê; बर्लिन पर्खाल; Mur de Berlin; חומת ברלין; Берлин дивары; ជញ្ជាំង ប៊ែរឡាំង; బెర్లిన్ గోడ; Berlinmuvra; Ukuta wa Berlin; Τείχος του Βερολίνου; Moeër; Balla Bheirlín; Muro di Berlino; Bungbong han Berlin; Berlynske Muorre; Berliner Mauer; Berliini müür; ਬਰਲਿਨ ਦੀ ਕੰਧ; Berlijnse Muur; Berlínská zeď; Mur de Berlin; wall of Berlin; Берлинская стена; Muro de Berlim; Berliner Müür; Boalley Verleen; Muru de Berilinu; Berlyno siena; Berlinski zid; Pader ng Berlin; Berlin Duvarı; Բեռլինի պատ; Tembok Berlin; Mur Berliński; ബെർലിൻ മതിൽ; Aɣṛab n Berlin; Muro de Berlín; 柏林圍牆; Berlin Chhiûⁿ-ûi; Berlīnes mūris; Muro de Berlín; Mur ëd Berlin; 柏林墙; السور د برلين; sección de la frontera interalemana; Nyugat-Berlint körülvevő határ; sistema di furtificazioni (1961 - 1989); veggur sem skildi að Vestur-Berlín og Austur-Þýskaland (1961-1989); Barrera construida per la República Democràtica d'Alemanya que rodejava Berlín Oest; хәҙер юҡҡа сыҡҡан ҡоролма (Көнбайыш Берлин тирәләй ҡоролған һәм нығытылған элекке дәүләт сиге); ehemaliges Grenzbefestigungssystem der DDR in Berlin von 1961 bis 1989; barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic; دیواری در آلمان که خط مرزی جداکننده بلوک شرق و غرب بود; 冷戰時蘇聯在西柏林外圍建立的邊界; 1961–1989 yılları arasında Doğu Almanya ile Batı Almanya'yı ayıran bariyer; 20世紀後半にドイツのベルリン市内に存在した壁; múr rozdeľujúci Berlín a Nemecko počas studenej vojny; חומה שהקיפה את ברלין המערבית; 冷战时苏联在西柏林外围建立的边界; 서베를린을 한때 봉쇄했던 장벽; barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic; bývalá bariéra mezi Západním a Východním Berlínem v letech 1961 až 1989; செருமானிய மக்கள் குடியரசால் மேற்கு பெர்லினை சுற்றி கட்டப்பட்ட சுவர்; fortificazione militare costruita dalla Germania Est per circondare Berlino Ovest; mur entourant l’enclave de Berlin-Ouest de 1961 à 1989; Saksa DV rajatud piirikindlustussüsteem; mur som åtskilde Väst- och Östberlin 1961–1989; τείχος που χώριζε το ανατολικό και δυτικό Βερολίνο; пограничная стена вокруг Западного Берлина в 1961—1989 годах; Ogiri Belini; něhdyše twarjenje w Berlinje; Bức tường chia cắt 2 nước Đức tại Berlin.; जर्मन लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्रद्वारा निर्मित बाधा; inženierbūve, kura no 1961. līdz 1989. gadam atdalīja Rietumberlīni no Vācijas Demokrātiskās Republikas; versperring gebou deur die Duitse Demokratiese Republiek, wat Wes-Berlyn omsluit het; ограда изграђена од Демократске Немачке Републике; pregrada, ki jo je zgradila Nemška demokratična republika in je obdajala Zahodni Berlin od leta 1961 do leta 1989; საზღვრის კედელი დასავლეთ ბერლინში 1961-1989 წლებში; Länsi-Berliinin ympäröinyt muuri 1961–1991; parto de la interngermana limo; tembok pembatas yang dibangun oleh Republik Demokratik Jerman, yang mengelilingi Berlin Barat; system umocnień, który oddzielał Berlin Wschodni od Berlina Zachodniego w latach 1961–1989; grensemur i Berlin (1961–1989); muur tussen West- en Oost-Berlijn; bouwwerk in berlin; konstrukcija koja je odvajala Zapadni i Istočni Berlin; سور كان قاسم برلين على جوج; barreira física construída pela Alemanha Oriental, circundando toda a Berlim Ocidental; barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic, enclosing West Berlin; جدار إسمنتي كان يقسم مدينة برلين أثناء الحرب الباردة; 冷战时苏联在西柏林外围建立的边界; мур, збудований Німецькою Демократичною Республікою; Muro de Protección Antifascista; Muro de la vergüenza; Muro de Berlin; Muro de Proteccion Antifascista; Fasisztaellenes Védőfal; barriera di protezione antifascista; Бэрлінская сьцяна; Yoruba; Murja; Antifašisma aizsardzības siena; Antifašistična zaščitna pregrada; Zid sramote; ベルリンの壁記念広場; Berliner Mauer; Muren; la muro; kontraŭfaŝisma remparo; Berlin, Mur de (1961-1989); Mur de la honte; 反法西斯防卫墙; 柏林围墙; twasn; Berlinamuvra; Берлінська стіна; حائط برلين; سور برلين; 柏林围墙; antifaschistischer Schutzwall; Schandmauer</nowiki>

Historical pictures

Before, on Friday, August 11, 1961
border guards at Brandenburg Gate on August 13, 1961, the day the Berlin Wall was erected
Waving over the Berlin Wall
East German construction workers building the Berlin Wall, 1961-11-20
John F. Kennedy visiting the Berlin Wall at Checkpoint Charlie, June 26, 1963
Kennedy at the Brandenburg Gate
English: On the east side 1968 the "Baby-Wall" with flowers.
Deutsch: Blumenschalensperre
President Nixon visits the Wall at Moritzplatz, February 27, 1969
Potsdamer Platz and Stresemannstraße, November 1975
Wall at Bernauer Straße with Versöhnungskirche in death strip, January 12, 1978
border section at corner of Liesenstraße and Nordbahnhof on St. Hedwig cemetery (1980)
1980
President Reagan with West Berlin mayor von Weizsäcker and Chancellor Schmidt at Checkpoint Charlie (June 11, 1982)
entering plaque, at "Glienicker Brücke", 1985
leaving plaque, at "Glienicker Brücke", 1985
death strip & graffiti at Bethaniendamm in Kreuzberg (1986)
Parade in East Berlin celebrating the 25th anniversary of the erection of the Berlin Wall, 1986
1987
Ronald Reagan speaking in front of the Berliner Mauer on 1987-06-12
President Ronald Reagan giving a speech at the Berliner Mauer, Brandenburger Tor, 1987-06-12
1989-06
Soldier on the wall - 1989-11
border guards feeding birds on watchtower, November 14, 1989
border guards feeding birds on watchtower, November 14, 1989
Berlin Wall on 1989-11-16
Juggling on the Berlin Wall on 1989-11-16
(2)
(3)
(3)
1989-12-01
A crane removing a section of the Berlin Wall on December 21, 1989
East German Volkspolizei at ceremony for the official opening of the Brandenburg Gate, December 22, 1989
January 1990:
Deutsch: Symbolische Grabkreuze für die Opfer der Mauer
1990
1990
dismantling of the Wall at Brandenburg Gate, February 1990
damaged wall at Checkpoint Charlie, July 1990
Former US President Ronald Reagan is presented a now obsolete checkpoint sign at Tempelhof Airport in Sep 1990.
June 1988 - Checkpoint to Kubat-Dreieck - Potsdamer Platz, Berlin
To the Kubat-Dreieck, Berlin Wall on Potsdamer Platz, June 1988
Kubat-Dreieck on the Berlin Wall, June 1988
Kubat-Dreieck on the Berlin Wall, taken by police, July 1st 1988
Berlin Wall, eastgerman border guard looks at the Kubat-Dreieck, July 1st 1988

Photos Taken after 1990

Remaining Parts of Front Wall

The term „Berlin Wall“ describes both the fortifications at the border around West Berlin in general as well as the front wall („Vorderes Sperrelement“) of the „death strip“ in particular. Only three shorter front wall sections (at Niederkirchnerstraße, at Bernauer Straße and at Liesenstraße) still exist.

at Bernauer Straße
from top of tower at Bernauer Straße
at Liesenstraße, situated on top of the old wall of St. Hedwig cemetery
at Liesenstraße; this is the shortest of the three remaining front wall sections
remnant of the 1961 „first generation“ of the Berlin Wall at Liesenstraße
at Niederkirchnerstraße
at Niederkirchnerstraße
at Niederkirchnerstraße
at Niederkirchnerstraße
at Niederkirchnerstraße
at Niederkirchnerstraße
at Niederkirchnerstraße
at Niederkirchnerstraße

Run of Removed Front Wall

On public streets and places, the run of removed parts of the front wall is marked by double cobblestone rows and copper strips throughout Berlin. At some places like Potsdamer Platz, segments removed at other parts of the Wall serve the same purpose.

in Alt-Treptow, near Lohmühlenbrücke
in Alt-Treptow, near Lohmühlenbrücke
at corner of Bellevuestraße and Ebertstraße
at Sonnenallee
near Checkpoint charlie
at Ebertstraße, near the Holocaust Memorial
at Kapelleufer, near Berlin Central Station
Wall segment marking the run of the Wall at Potsdamer Platz
Wall segment marking the run of the Wall at Potsdamer Platz
Wall segment marking the run of the Wall at Potsdamer Platz
Wall segment marking the run of the Wall at Potsdamer Platz
Brandenburg Gate
in Berlin-Staaken

Rear Wall

A rear wall („Hinterlandmauer“ or „Hinterlandsicherungsmauer“) or a rear fence secured the „death strip“ on the East Berlin side. The rear wall was usually smaller than the front wall. However, remaining stretches of the rear wall are often mistaken for front wall sections where they have the same height and outlook (e.g. at Potsdamer Platz and at Mühlenstraße). Shorter and longer segments of the rear wall remain in place throughout Berlin, by far the longest and most prominent forming the 1,300 meters long „East Side Gallery“ at Mühlenstraße.

East Side Gallery
God! Help me survive amid this mortal love, by Dmitri Vrubel, 1989
East Side Gallery
East Side Gallery
East Side Gallery
on cemetery of St. Hedwig congregation at de:Liesenstraße
rear wall at Invalidenfriedhof cemetery with display boards telling the history of this border section
near Potsdamer Platz
rear wall near Potsdamer Platz in 1998 (since removed)
rear wall remnant with gate leading to the former death strip (in front) at Chausseestraße
As a memorial on a graveyard, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtnis-Friedhof

Watchtowers

Border guards oversaw the „death strip“ from watchtowers, 302 of which ringed West-Berlin in 1989. A group of watchtowers was controlled by guards on the more massive directing towers („Führungsstellen“). Only two ordinary watchtowers are still standing, both of which have been removed from their original sites. Three directing towers remain in place.

directing tower „Schlesischer Busch“ in Alt-Treptow
directing tower „Kieler Eck“ in Berlin-Mitte
directing tower at Hennigsdorf, northwest of Berlin
watchtower near Potsdamer Platz (relocated)
watchtower Type BT-11 near Potsdamer Platz (relocated)
watchtower graffiti on border wall at St. Hedwig cemetery, scratched in fresh concrete in 1974

Other Parts of Border Fortifications

concrete wall on St. Hedwig cemetery, erected in 1974 to secure the front area („Vorfeldsicherung“)
patrol road of the „death strip“ near the corner of Liesenstraße and Chausseestraße
patrol road on Invalidenfriedhof cemetery; marked as part of the Berlin Wall Path („Berliner Mauerweg“)
waste land on former border strip in Berlin Mitte, along Stallschreiberstraße, with patrol road on the right
Japanese Cherry alley, Berlin Wall Trail, near former Bornholmer Strasse border crossing

Museums, Memorials and Art

official Berlin Wall memorial at Bernauer Straße
new chapel of Versöhnungskirche, Bernauer Straße
Memorial in Berlin-Treptow, remembering 15 killed refugees from Treptow, including two boys
memorial tablet for Ida Siekmann, the first Wall victim (died August 1961), at Bernauer Straße
memorial tablet for Wall victim Bernd Lünser (died October 1961) at Bernauer Straße
memorial tablet for Wall victim Olga Segler (died September 1961) at Bernauer Straße
Fenster des Gedenkens
memorial for graves removed in the death strip at Alter Domfriedhof cemetery, Liesenstraße
sculpture „Wiedervereinigung“ (“reunification”) by Hildegard Leest (1962), near former border crossing Chausseestraße[1]
memorial stone for Günter Litfin, first person shot to death at the Berlin Wall in 1961; situated at former border crossing Invalidenstraße
Wall museum („Mauermuseum“) at Checkpoint Charlie
crosses for victims of the Wall (1990)
unofficial memorial for victims of the Wall near Checkpoint Charlie (removed)
cross for Wall victim Peter Fechter at the unofficial memorial for victims of the Wall near Checkpoint Charlie (removed)
memorial for Peter Fechter, shot to death in 1962, situated at Zimmerstraße
memorial for Peter Fechter, inscription
memorial for Peter Fechter, back side
removed segment of the wall, standing near Checkpoint Charlie
The Day the Wall Came Down in Berlin-Zehlendorf, sculpted by Veryl Goodnight (1998), a gift from the people of the United States
Art in city hall of Berlin-Spandau, Carl-Schurz-Straße 26, Berlin-Spandau
Memorial Stone (segment of the wall) at "Platz des 9. November 1989", former Bornholmer Strasse border crossing
East Side Gallery
Falkplatz, Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg
The Day the Wall Came Down, Berlin-Zehlendorf
White Crosses, Ebertstraße, Berlin-Tiergarten
Edelhofdamm, Berlin-Frohnau
Knesebeckbrücke, Berlin-Zehlendorf
Knesebeckbrücke, Berlin-Zehlendorf
White Crosses, Reichstagsufer, Berlin-Mitte
May-Ayim-Ufer, Berlin-Kreuzberg
Erdmann-Graeser-Weg, Berlin-Zehlendorf