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Defnyddiwr:Cwmcafit/Rhestr Is-arlywyddion

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Is-Arlywydd yr Unol Daleithiau yw'r swydd wleidyddol ail uchaf yn llywodraeth ffederal yr Unol Daleithiau, ar ôl yr Arlywydd ei hun. Y deiliaid ers yr 20fed o Ionawr 2021 yw Kamala Harris. Yr Is-Arlywydd yw llywydd y Senedd yn ogystal os daw'r Arlywydd yn analluog maent yn camu i'r adwy.

Is-Arlywyddion

[golygu | golygu cod]
Is-Arlywyddiaeth Is-Arlywydd Plaid Etholaid Arlywydd
1 April 21, 1789[a]

– March 4, 1797

John Adams style="background:Nodyn:Pro-Administration Party (US)/meta/color" | Pro-Administration[b] 1788–89 George Washington[c]
style="background-color:Nodyn:Federalist Party/meta/color" | Federalist 1792
2 March 4, 1797

– March 4, 1801

Thomas Jefferson style="background-color:Nodyn:Democratic-Republican Party/meta/color" | Democratic-Republican 1796 John Adams[d]
3 March 4, 1801

– March 4, 1805

Aaron Burr style="background-color:Nodyn:Democratic-Republican Party/meta/color" | Democratic-Republican 1800 Thomas Jefferson
4 March 4, 1805

– April 20, 1812

George Clinton[e] rowspan="2" style="background-color:Nodyn:Democratic-Republican Party/meta/color" | Democratic-Republican 1804
1808 James Madison
Office vacant April 20, 1812 – March 4, 1813[f]
5 March 4, 1813

– November 23, 1814

Elbridge Gerry[e][1] style="background-color:Nodyn:Democratic-Republican Party/meta/color" | Democratic-Republican 1812
Office vacant November 23, 1814 – March 4, 1817[f]
6 March 4, 1817

– March 4, 1825

Daniel D. Tompkins[2] rowspan="2" style="background-color:Nodyn:Democratic-Republican Party/meta/color" | Democratic-Republican 1816 James Monroe
1820
7 March 4, 1825

– December 28, 1832

John C. Calhoun[g][3] style="background-color:Nodyn:Democratic-Republican Party/meta/color" | Democratic-Republican 1824 John Q. Adams
Nullifier[h] 1828 Andrew Jackson[i]
Office vacant December 28, 1832 – March 4, 1833[f]
8 March 4, 1833

– March 4, 1837

Martin Van Buren[4][5][6] style="background-color:Nodyn:Democratic Party (US)/meta/color" | Democratic 1832
9 March 4, 1837

– March 4, 1841

Richard Mentor Johnson[7] style="background-color:Nodyn:Democratic Party (US)/meta/color" | Democratic 1836 Martin Van Buren
10 March 4, 1841

– April 4, 1841

John Tyler[j][8][9][10] style="background-color:Nodyn:Whig Party (US)/meta/color" | Whig[k] 1840 William H. Harrison[e]
Office vacant April 4, 1841 – March 4, 1845[f] John Tyler
11 March 4, 1845

– March 4, 1849

George M. Dallas[11] style="background-color:Nodyn:Democratic Party (US)/meta/color" | Democratic 1844 James K. Polk
12 March 4, 1849

– July 9, 1850

Millard Fillmore[j][12][13][14] style="background-color:Nodyn:Whig Party (US)/meta/color" | Whig 1848 Zachary Taylor[e]
Office vacant July 9, 1850 – March 4, 1853[f] Millard Fillmore
13 March 4, 1853[l]

– April 18, 1853

William R. King[e][15] style="background-color:Nodyn:Democratic Party (US)/meta/color" | Democratic 1852 Franklin Pierce
Office vacant April 18, 1853 – March 4, 1857[f]
14 March 4, 1857

– March 4, 1861

John C. Breckinridge[16] style="background-color:Nodyn:Democratic Party (US)/meta/color" | Democratic 1856 James Buchanan
15 March 4, 1861

– March 4, 1865

Hannibal Hamlin[17] style="background-color:Nodyn:Republican Party (US)/meta/color" | Republican 1860 Abraham Lincoln[m]
16 March 4, 1865

– April 15, 1865

Andrew Johnson[j][18][19][20] style="background-color:Nodyn:National Union Party (US)/meta/color" | National Union[n] 1864
Office vacant April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869[f] Andrew Johnson
17 March 4, 1869

– March 4, 1873

Schuyler Colfax[21] style="background-color:Nodyn:Republican Party (US)/meta/color" | Republican 1868 Ulysses S. Grant
18 March 4, 1873

– November 22, 1875

Henry Wilson[e][22] style="background-color:Nodyn:Republican Party (US)/meta/color" | Republican 1872
Office vacant November 22, 1875 – March 4, 1877[f]
19 March 4, 1877

– March 4, 1881

William A. Wheeler[23] style="background-color:Nodyn:Republican Party (US)/meta/color" | Republican 1876 Rutherford B. Hayes
20 March 4, 1881

– September 19, 1881

Chester A. Arthur[j][24][25][26] style="background-color:Nodyn:Republican Party (US)/meta/color" | Republican 1880 James A. Garfield[o]
Office vacant September 19, 1881 – March 4, 1885[f] Chester A. Arthur
21 March 4, 1885

– November 25, 1885

Thomas A. Hendricks[e][27] style="background-color:Nodyn:Democratic Party (US)/meta/color" | Democratic 1884 Grover Cleveland
Office vacant November 25, 1885 – March 4, 1889[f]
22 March 4, 1889

– March 4, 1893

Levi P. Morton[28] style="background-color:Nodyn:Republican Party (US)/meta/color" | Republican 1888 Benjamin Harrison
23 March 4, 1893

– March 4, 1897

Adlai Stevenson I[29] style="background-color:Nodyn:Democratic Party (US)/meta/color" | Democratic 1892 Grover Cleveland
24 March 4, 1897

– November 21, 1899

Garret Hobart[e][30] style="background-color:Nodyn:Republican Party (US)/meta/color" | Republican 1896 William McKinley[p]
Office vacant November 21, 1899 – March 4, 1901[f]
25 March 4, 1901

– September 14, 1901

Theodore Roosevelt[j][31][32][33] style="background-color:Nodyn:Republican Party (US)/meta/color" | Republican 1900
Office vacant September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1905[f] Theodore Roosevelt
26 March 4, 1905

– March 4, 1909

Charles W. Fairbanks[34] style="background-color:Nodyn:Republican Party (US)/meta/color" | Republican 1904
27 March 4, 1909

– October 30, 1912

James S. Sherman[e][35] style="background-color:Nodyn:Republican Party (US)/meta/color" | Republican 1908 William H. Taft
Office vacant October 30, 1912 – March 4, 1913[f]
28 March 4, 1913

– March 4, 1921

Thomas R. Marshall[36] rowspan="2" style="background-color:Nodyn:Democratic Party (US)/meta/color" | Democratic 1912 Woodrow Wilson
1916
29 March 4, 1921

– August 2, 1923

Calvin Coolidge[j][37][38][39] style="background-color:Nodyn:Republican Party (US)/meta/color" | Republican 1920 Warren G. Harding[e]
Office vacant August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1925[f] Calvin Coolidge
30 March 4, 1925

– March 4, 1929

Charles G. Dawes[40] style="background-color:Nodyn:Republican Party (US)/meta/color" | Republican 1924
31 March 4, 1929

– March 4, 1933

Charles Curtis[41] style="background-color:Nodyn:Republican Party (US)/meta/color" | Republican 1928 Herbert Hoover
32 March 4, 1933

– January 20, 1941

John Garner[42] rowspan="2" style="background-color:Nodyn:Democratic Party (US)/meta/color" | Democratic 1932 Franklin D. Roosevelt[e]
1936
33 January 20, 1941

– January 20, 1945

Henry A. Wallace[43] style="background-color:Nodyn:Democratic Party (US)/meta/color" | Democratic 1940
34 January 20, 1945

– April 12, 1945

Harry S. Truman[j][44][45][46] style="background-color:Nodyn:Democratic Party (US)/meta/color" | Democratic 1944
Office vacant April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1949[f] Harry S. Truman
35 January 20, 1949

– January 20, 1953

Alben W. Barkley[47] style="background-color:Nodyn:Democratic Party (US)/meta/color" | Democratic 1948
36 January 20, 1953

– January 20, 1961

Richard Nixon[48][49][50] rowspan="2" style="background-color:Nodyn:Republican Party (US)/meta/color" | Republican 1952 Dwight D. Eisenhower
1956
37 January 20, 1961

– November 22, 1963

Lyndon B. Johnson[j][51][52] style="background-color:Nodyn:Democratic Party (US)/meta/color" | Democratic 1960 John F. Kennedy[q]
Office vacant November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1965[f] Lyndon B. Johnson
38 January 20, 1965

– January 20, 1969

Hubert Humphrey[53] style="background-color:Nodyn:Democratic Party (US)/meta/color" | Democratic 1964
39 January 20, 1969

– October 10, 1973

Spiro Agnew[g][54] rowspan="2" style="background-color:Nodyn:Republican Party (US)/meta/color" | Republican 1968 Richard Nixon[g]
1972
Office vacant October 10 – December 6, 1973[r]
40 December 6, 1973

– August 9, 1974

Gerald Ford[j][55][56][57] style="background-color:Nodyn:Republican Party (US)/meta/color" | Republican
Office vacant August 9 – December 19, 1974[r] Gerald Ford
41 December 19, 1974

– January 20, 1977

Nelson Rockefeller[58] style="background-color:Nodyn:Republican Party (US)/meta/color" | Republican
42 January 20, 1977

– January 20, 1981

Walter Mondale[59] style="background-color:Nodyn:Democratic Party (US)/meta/color" | Democratic 1976 Jimmy Carter
43 January 20, 1981

– January 20, 1989

George H. W. Bush[60][61][62] rowspan="2" style="background-color:Nodyn:Republican Party (US)/meta/color" | Republican 1980 Ronald Reagan
1984
44 January 20, 1989

– January 20, 1993

Dan Quayle[63] style="background-color:Nodyn:Republican Party (US)/meta/color" | Republican 1988 George H. W. Bush
45 January 20, 1993

– January 20, 2001

Al Gore[64] rowspan="2" style="background-color:Nodyn:Democratic Party (US)/meta/color" | Democratic 1992 Bill Clinton
1996
46 January 20, 2001

– January 20, 2009

Dick Cheney[65] rowspan="2" style="background-color:Nodyn:Republican Party (US)/meta/color" | Republican 2000 George W. Bush
2004
47 January 20, 2009

– January 20, 2017

Joe Biden[66] rowspan="2" style="background-color:Nodyn:Democratic Party (US)/meta/color" | Democratic 2008 Barack Obama
2012
48 January 20, 2017

– January 20, 2021

Mike Pence[67][68] style="background-color:Nodyn:Republican Party (US)/meta/color" | Republican 2016 Donald Trump
49 January 20, 2021

– Incumbent

Kamala Harris style="background-color:Nodyn:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color" | Democratic 2020 Joe Biden
  1. ↑ Due to logistical delays, John Adams assumed the office of Vice President 1 fis a 17 diwrnod after the March 4, 1789 scheduled start of operations of the new government under the Constitution. As a result, his first term was only 1,413 days long, and was the shortest term for a U.S. vice president who served a full term.
  2. ↑ Pro-Administration is a contemporary term for the supporters of the political and economic policies of the Washington Administration prior to the formation of the Federalist and Democratic–Republican parties.
  3. ↑ George Washington remained unaffiliated with any political faction or party throughout his eight-year presidency. Greatly concerned about the very real capacity of political parties to destroy the fragile unity holding the nation together, he was, and remains, the only U.S. President never to be affiliated with a political party.
  4. ↑ The 1796 presidential election was the first contested American presidential election and resulted in a situation where the persons elected President and Vice President belonged to opposing political parties. Federalist John Adams was elected President, and Thomas Jefferson of the Democratic-Republicans was elected Vice President.
  5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 Died in office of natural causes.
  6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 Prior to ratification of the Twenty-fifth Amendment, February 10, 1967, an intra-term vacancy in the vice presidency could not be filled.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Resigned from office
  8. ↑ John Calhoun, formerly a Democratic-Republican, founded the Nullifier Party in 1828 to advance the cause of states' rights, but was brought on as Andrew Jackson's running mate in the 1828 presidential election in an effort to broaden the political coalition emerging around Jackson.
  9. ↑ Andrew Jackson's supporters from the former Democratic-Republican Party, which had largely collapsed by the mid-1820s, began calling themselves 'Democrat' during his first term in office, thus marking the evolution of Thomas Jefferson's Democratic-Republican Party into the modern Democratic Party.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 Succeeded to the presidency intra-term.
  11. ↑ John Tyler was elected vice president on the Whig Party ticket in 1840. His policy priorities as president soon proved to be opposed to most of the Whig agenda, and he was expelled from the party in September 1841.
  12. ↑ Ill with tuberculosis, William King traveled to Cuba after the 1852 election in an effort to regain his health, and was not able to be in Washington, D.C. to take his oath of office on March 4, 1853. By an Act of Congress, he was allowed to take the oath outside the United States, and was sworn in on March 24, 1853 near Matanzas, Cuba. He is the only Vice President to take his oath of office in a foreign country.
  13. ↑ Died April 15, 1865; see Assassination of Abraham Lincoln for further details.
  14. ↑ When he ran for reelection in 1864, Republican Abraham Lincoln formed a bipartisan electoral alliance with War Democrats by selecting Democrat Andrew Johnson as his running mate, and running on the National Union Party ticket. Later, while president, Johnson tried and failed to build a party of loyalists under the National Union banner. Near the end of his presidency, Johnson rejoined the Democratic Party.
  15. ↑ Died September 19, 1881; see Assassination of James A. Garfield for further details.
  16. ↑ Died September 14, 1901; see Assassination of William McKinley for further details.
  17. ↑ Died November 22, 1963; see Assassination of John F. Kennedy for further details.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 The Twenty-fifth Amendment established a process whereby an intra-term vacancy in the vice presidency is filled by presidential appointment.
  1. ↑ "Elbridge Gerry (1813–1814) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar October 21, 2016. Cyrchwyd September 6, 2016.
  2. ↑ "Daniel D. Tompkins (1817–1825) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar September 17, 2016. Cyrchwyd September 6, 2016.
  3. ↑ "John C. Calhoun (1825–1829) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar September 17, 2016. Cyrchwyd September 6, 2016.
  4. ↑ "Biography of Martin Van Buren". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Cyrchwyd January 12, 2009.
  5. ↑ "Martin Van Buren – Democratic-Republican, Democratic, and Free Soil Party – 8th President – American Presidents". History. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar March 5, 2009. Cyrchwyd January 12, 2009.
  6. ↑ "Life Portrait of Martin Van Buren". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Cyrchwyd March 6, 2016.
  7. ↑ "Richard M. Johnson (1837–1841) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar September 17, 2016. Cyrchwyd September 6, 2016.
  8. ↑ "Biography of John Tyler". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Cyrchwyd January 12, 2009.
  9. ↑ "John Tyler – No Party – 10th President – American Presidents". History. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar March 5, 2009. Cyrchwyd January 12, 2009.
  10. ↑ "Life Portrait of John Tyler". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Cyrchwyd March 6, 2016.
  11. ↑ "George M. Dallas (1845–1849) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Cyrchwyd September 6, 2016.
  12. ↑ "Biography of Millard Fillmore". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Cyrchwyd January 12, 2009.
  13. ↑ "Millard Filmore – WHIG Party – 13th President – American Presidents". History. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar March 5, 2009. Cyrchwyd January 12, 2009.
  14. ↑ "Life Portrait of Millard Fillmore". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Cyrchwyd March 6, 2016.
  15. ↑ "William R. D. King (1853) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar September 17, 2016. Cyrchwyd September 6, 2016.
  16. ↑ "John C. Breckinridge (1857–1861) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Cyrchwyd September 6, 2016.[dolen farw]
  17. ↑ "Hannibal Hamlin (1861–1865) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar September 17, 2016. Cyrchwyd September 6, 2016.
  18. ↑ "Biography of Andrew Johnson". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Cyrchwyd January 12, 2009.
  19. ↑ "Andrew Johnson – National Union Party – 17th President – American Presidents". History. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar March 5, 2009. Cyrchwyd January 12, 2009.
  20. ↑ "Life Portrait of Andrew Johnson". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Cyrchwyd March 6, 2016.
  21. ↑ "Schuyler Colfax (1869–1873) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar September 17, 2016. Cyrchwyd September 6, 2016.
  22. ↑ "Henry Wilson (1873–1875) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar September 17, 2016. Cyrchwyd September 6, 2016.
  23. ↑ "William A. Wheeler (1877–1881) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar September 11, 2016. Cyrchwyd September 6, 2016.
  24. ↑ "Biography of Chester Arthur". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Cyrchwyd January 12, 2009.
  25. ↑ "Chester A. Arthur – Republican Party – 21st President – American Presidents". History. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar March 5, 2009. Cyrchwyd January 12, 2009.
  26. ↑ "Life Portrait of Chester A. Arthur". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Cyrchwyd March 6, 2016.
  27. ↑ "Thomas A. Hendricks (1885) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar September 17, 2016. Cyrchwyd September 6, 2016.
  28. ↑ "Levi P. Morton – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar September 17, 2016. Cyrchwyd September 6, 2016.
  29. ↑ "Adlai E. Stevenson (1893–1897) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Cyrchwyd September 6, 2016.
  30. ↑ "Garret A. Hobart (1897–1899) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar September 17, 2016. Cyrchwyd September 6, 2016.
  31. ↑ "Biography of Theodore Roosevelt". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Cyrchwyd January 12, 2009.
  32. ↑ "Theodore Roosevelt – Republican, Bull Moose Party – 26th President – American Presidents". History. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar February 26, 2009. Cyrchwyd January 12, 2009.
  33. ↑ "Life Portrait of Theodore Roosevelt". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Cyrchwyd March 6, 2016.
  34. ↑ "Charles W. Fairbanks – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar September 17, 2016. Cyrchwyd September 6, 2016.
  35. ↑ "James S. Sherman – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar September 17, 2016. Cyrchwyd September 6, 2016.
  36. ↑ "Thomas R. Marshall – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar September 17, 2016. Cyrchwyd September 6, 2016.
  37. ↑ "Biography of Calvin Coolidge". Whitehouse.gov. March 13, 2007. Cyrchwyd January 12, 2009.
  38. ↑ "Calvin Coolidge – Republican Party – 30th President – American Presidents". History. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar March 5, 2009. Cyrchwyd January 12, 2009.
  39. ↑ "Life Portrait of Calvin Coolidge". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Cyrchwyd March 6, 2016.
  40. ↑ "Charles G. Dawes – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar September 17, 2016. Cyrchwyd September 6, 2016.
  41. ↑ "Charles Curtis – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar September 17, 2016. Cyrchwyd September 6, 2016.
  42. ↑ "John N. Garner (1933–1941) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar September 17, 2016. Cyrchwyd September 6, 2016.
  43. ↑ "Henry A. Wallace (1941–1945) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar September 17, 2016. Cyrchwyd September 6, 2016.
  44. ↑ "Biography of Harry S Truman". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Cyrchwyd January 12, 2009.
  45. ↑ "Harry S Truman – Democratic Party – 33rd President – American Presidents". History. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar February 25, 2009. Cyrchwyd January 12, 2009.
  46. ↑ "Life Portrait of Harry S. Truman". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Cyrchwyd March 7, 2016.
  47. ↑ "Alben W. Barkley – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Cyrchwyd September 6, 2016.
  48. ↑ "Richard M. Nixon". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Cyrchwyd January 12, 2009.
  49. ↑ "Richard Nixon – Republican Party – 37th President – American Presidents". History. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar February 25, 2009. Cyrchwyd January 12, 2009.
  50. ↑ "Life Portrait of Richard M. Nixon". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Cyrchwyd March 7, 2016.
  51. ↑ "Lyndon B. Johnson – Democratic Party – 36th President – American Presidents". History. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar February 26, 2009. Cyrchwyd January 12, 2009.
  52. ↑ "Life Portrait of Lyndon B. Johnson". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Cyrchwyd March 7, 2016.
  53. ↑ "Hubert H. Humphrey – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar September 17, 2016. Cyrchwyd September 6, 2016.
  54. ↑ "Spiro T. Agnew (1969–1973) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar September 17, 2016. Cyrchwyd September 6, 2016.
  55. ↑ "Biography of Gerald R. Ford". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Cyrchwyd January 12, 2009.
  56. ↑ "Gerald Ford – Republican Party – 38th President – American Presidents". History. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar March 5, 2009. Cyrchwyd January 12, 2009.
  57. ↑ "Life Portrait of Gerald R. Ford". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Cyrchwyd March 7, 2016.
  58. ↑ "Nelson A. Rockefeller – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar September 17, 2016. Cyrchwyd September 6, 2016.
  59. ↑ "Walter Mondale – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar September 17, 2016. Cyrchwyd September 6, 2016.
  60. ↑ "Biography of George Herbert Walker Bush". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Cyrchwyd January 12, 2009.
  61. ↑ "George H. W. Bush – Republican Party – 41st President – American Presidents". History. Cyrchwyd January 12, 2009.
  62. ↑ "Life Portrait of George H.W. Bush". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Cyrchwyd March 7, 2016.
  63. ↑ "J. Danforth Quayle – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Cyrchwyd September 6, 2016.
  64. ↑ "Albert Gore, Jr. – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar September 17, 2016. Cyrchwyd September 6, 2016.
  65. ↑ "Richard B. Cheney – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar September 17, 2016. Cyrchwyd September 6, 2016.
  66. ↑ "Joseph Biden – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar September 17, 2016. Cyrchwyd September 6, 2016.
  67. ↑ Flegenheimer, Matt; Barbaro, Michael (November 9, 2016). "Donald Trump Is Elected President in Stunning Repudiation of the Establishment". The New York Times. Cyrchwyd November 13, 2016.
  68. ↑ "Vice President Mike Pence". whitehouse.gov. January 20, 2017. Cyrchwyd January 31, 2017.[dolen farw]
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