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Giorgia Meloni

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Giorgia Meloni (born 15 January 1977) is an Italian journalist and politician. She has been the leader of the national-conservative political party Brothers of Italy since 2014 and the president of the European Conservatives and Reformists Party since 2020. She has been a member of Italy's Chamber of Deputies since 2006.

Giorgia Meloni
Meloni in 2022
President of Brothers of Italy
Incumbent
Assumed office
8 March 2014
Preceded byIgnazio La Russa
President of the European Conservatives and Reformists Party
Incumbent
Assumed office
29 September 2020
Preceded byJan Zahradil
Minister of Youth
In office
8 May 2008 – 16 November 2011
Prime MinisterSilvio Berlusconi
Preceded byGiovanna Melandri
Succeeded byAndrea Riccardi
Member of the Chamber of Deputies
Incumbent
Assumed office
28 April 2006
ConstituencyLazio 1 (2006–2008)
Lazio 2 (2008–2013)
Lombardy 3 (2013–2018)
Latina (since 2018)
Personal details
Born (1977-01-15) 15 January 1977 (age 47)
Rome, Italy
Political partyFdI (since 2012)
Other political
affiliations		MSI (1992–1995)
AN (1995–2009)
PdL (2009–2012)
Children1
Websitegiorgiameloni.com

Meloni served as Minister of Youth in Silvio Berlusconi's fourth government (2008–2011) and was president of Young Action first and then of Young Italy, the youth sections of National Alliance (successor of the neo-fascist party Italian Social Movement) and The People of Freedom, respectively.

Early life

Meloni was born in Rome in 1977. Her father came from Sardinia and her mother came from Sicily;[1] her father, a tax advisor, left the family when she was eleven years old. She grew up in the district of Garbatella. In 1992, at 15 years old, Meloni joined the Youth Front, the youth-wing of the national conservative Italian Social Movement (MSI). In these years, she founded the student coordination Gli Antenati (The Ancestors), which took part in the protest against the public education reform promoted by minister Rosa Russo Iervolino. In 1996, she became the national leader of Student Action, the student movement of National Alliance, the right-wing heir of the MSI, representing this movement in the Student Associations Forum established by the Italian Ministry of Education. In the same year, she earned a diploma in the Amerigo Vespucci Institute.[2]

Meloni declared she obtained the high school diploma in languages at the Institute "Amerigo Vespucci" of Rome, with the final mark of 60/60. But it turned out the school was not a foreign language high school (and therefore qualified to issue a diploma in languages), rather a technical high school specialized in the tourist industry.[3] This created a controversy on whether she lied about her diploma.[4] In 1998, after winning the primary election, she was elected as a councilor of the Province of Rome, holding this position until 2002. In 2000, she was elected national director and in 2004 she was the first woman president of Youth Action, the party's youth wing. During these years, Meloni worked as a nanny, waitress, and bartender at the Piper Club, one of the most famous night clubs in Rome.[5][6]

Political career

Minister of Youth

 
2006 portrait of Meloni for the Chamber of Deputies

In the 2006 Italian general election, Meloni was elected to the Chamber of Deputies, where she became its youngest ever vice-president. In the same year, she started to work as a journalist.[7] In 2008, she was appointed Minister of Youth in the Berlusconi IV Cabinet, a position she held until 16 November 2011, when the prime minister and media mogul Silvio Berlusconi was forced to resign as the prime minister amid a financial crisis and public protests. She was the youngest-ever minister in the history of united Italy.[8]

In August 2008, Meloni invited Italian athletes to boycott the opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympic Games in disagreement with the Chinese policy implemented towards Tibet; this statement was criticised by Berlusconi, as well as the foreign affairs minister Franco Frattini.[9] In 2009, her party merged with Forza Italia into The People of Freedom and she took over the presidency of the united party's youth section, called Young Italy.[8] In the same year, she voted for the decree law against euthanasia.[10]

In November 2010, on behalf of the ministry, she presented a 300 million euro package called the Right to the Future. It was aimed at investing in young people and contained five initiatives, including incentives for new entrepreneurs, bonuses in favour of temporary workers and loans for deserving students.[11] In November 2012, she announced her bid to contest the leadership of the People of Freedom party against Angelino Alfano, in opposition to the party's support of the Monti Cabinet. After the cancellation of the primaries, she teamed up with fellow politicians Ignazio La Russa and Guido Crosetto to set out an anti-Monti policy, asking for renewal within the party and being also critical of the leadership of Berlusconi.[12][13]

Leader of Brothers of Italy

 
Meloni with Guido Crosetto during an FdI rally in 2014

In December 2012, Meloni, La Russa, and Crosetto founded a new political movement, Brothers of Italy (FdI), whose name comes from the words of the Italian national anthem.[14][15] In the 2013 Italian general election, she stood as part of Berlusconi's centre-right coalition and received 2.0% of the vote and 9 seats.[16] Meloni was re-elected to the Chamber of Deputies for Lombardy and was later appointed the party's leader in the house, a position that she would hold until 2014, when she resigned to dedicate herself to the party. She was succeeded by Fabio Rampelli.[17]

In March 2014, Meloni became president of FdI, and in April she was nominated for the 2014 European Parliament election in Italy as the leader of the FdI in all the five constituencies. FdI party obtained 3.7% of the votes, not exceeding the threshold of 4%, and she did not become a Member of the European Parliament;[18][19] she received 348,700 votes.[20] On 4 November 2015, she founded Our Land – Italians with Giorgia Meloni, a conservative political committee in support of her campaigns.[21] Our Land is a parallel organisation to FdI,[22] and aimed at enlarging FdI's popular base.[23]

 
Meloni with Matteo Salvini and Silvio Berlusconi in 2018

On 30 January 2016, Meloni participated in the Family Day, an anti-LGBT rights demonstration, declaring herself against LGBT adoption. At the same Family Day, Meloni announced that she was pregnant; her daughter Ginevra was born on 16 September.[24] In the 2016 Rome municipal election, she ran for mayor with the support of Us with Salvini and in opposition to the candidate supported by Berlusconi's Forza Italia. Meloni won 20.6% of the vote, almost twice that of FI's candidate, but she did not qualify for the run-off, while FdI obtained 12.3% of the vote.[25]

During the 2016 Italian constitutional referendum on the reform promoted by Renzi's government, Meloni founded the "No, Thanks" committee and participated in numerous television debates, including one against the then prime minister Matteo Renzi. As "No" won with almost 60% of the votes, Meloni called for snap elections. When Renzi resigned, she withheld confidence from the next government led by Paolo Gentiloni.[26][27] On 2–3 December 2017 in Trieste, the congress of FdI saw the re-election of Meloni as president of the party, as well as a renewal of the party logo and the joining of Daniela Santanchè, a long-time right-wing politician.[28]

As party leader, Meloni decided to form the alliance with the Lega Nord of Matteo Salvini, launching several political campaigns with him against the centre-left government led by the Democratic Party, placing FdI in Eurosceptic and populist positions.[29] In the 2018 Italian general election, FdI stood as part of the centre-right coalition,[30] with Berlusconi's Forza Italia, Salvini's League, and Raffaele Fitto's Us with Italy.[31] Meloni's party obtained 4.4% of the vote and more than three times the seats won in 2013.[32] She was elected to the Chamber of Deputies for the single-member constituency of Latina, Lazio, with 41% of the vote.[33] The centre-right alliance, in which the League emerged as the main political force, won a plurality of seats in the Chamber of Deputies; as no political group or party won an outright majority, it resulted in a hung parliament.[34]

 
Meloni speaking at the 2022 CPAC. In March 2019, she became the first Italian to be invited at the CPAC.

Meloni is against laws that recognise gay civil partnerships or marriages. In October 2019, her speech at a right-wing rally at Piazza del Popolo, where she spoke against same-sex parenting, went viral on Italian social media platforms, and became the object of many parodies.[35] She is against an anti-homophobia law, the DDL Zan, declaring that in Italy there is no homophobia.[36]

Since February 2021, Meloni has been a member of the Aspen Institute,[37][38] an international think tank headquartered in Washington, D.C., which includes many financiers, businessmen, and politicians.[39][40][41] On 19 February 2021, the University of Siena professor Giovanni Gozzini insulted Meloni calling her vulgar names from a radio; both the president Sergio Mattarella and the prime minister Mario Draghi phoned Meloni and stigmatized Gozzini, who was suspended by the board of his university.[42][43]

In October 2021, Meloni signed the Madrid Charter,[44] a 2020 document that describes left-wing groups as enemies of Ibero-America involved in a "criminal project" that are "under the umbrella of the Cuban regime".[45] It was drafted by Vox, a Spanish right-wing ultranationalist party. She also took part at Vox's party congress.[46] In February 2022, Meloni spoke at the annual CPAC, which stands for Conservative Political Action Conference. She told the attending American conservative activists and officials they must defend their views against progressives.[47]

Heading into the 2022 Italian general election, a snap election that was called after the fall of the Draghi government,[48][49] it was agreed among the centre-right coalition that the leader of the party receiving the most votes would be put forward as the prime minister candidate.[50] As of July 2022, Meloni's FdI is the first party in the coalition according to opinion polling,[51][52] and is widely expected to become Prime Minister of Italy if the centre-right coalition obtain an absolute majority in Parliament, which could be the most right-wing government in the history of the Italian Republic according to some academics.[53]

In an attempt to moderate herself to placate fears among those who describe FdI as neo-fascist or far right,[54] including fears within the European Commission that she could lead Italy towards Hungary under Viktor Orbán,[55] Meloni told the foreign press that Italian Fascism is history. As president of the European Conservatives and Reformists Party, she said she shared the experiences and values of the Conservative Party in the United Kingdom, Likud in Israel, and the Republican Party in the United States.[56] Critics were skeptical of her claims, citing her speeches on immigration and LGBT rights.[57]

Several media outlets have referred to Meloni as far-right.[58][59][60] In an interview with Nicholas Farrell of The Spectator, Meloni rejected descriptions of her politics as far-right, calling it a smear campaign by her opponents.[61]

Controversies

Meloni praised Benito Mussolini as "a good politician, the best in the last 50 years" in an interview to the French newscast Soir 3 in 1996.[62][63] In May 2020, Meloni praised as a hero her parent party's founder Giorgio Almirante,[64][65] a Nazi collaborator and editor-in-chief of the antisemitic and racist magazine La Difesa della Razza,[66][67] which published the "Manifesto of Race" in 1938.[68] In December 2020, the independent journalistic TV program Report revealed through an investigative report that the party Fratelli d'Italia, of which Meloni is president, "has reached the negative record of arrests for mafia group 'Ndrangheta",[69] and also having among her ranks Benito Mussolini's descendants,[70] as well as Italian Fascist nostalgics,[71][72][73] according to a 2021 investigative report by Fanpage.[74][75] In November 2018, Meloni declared that the celebration of the Liberation Day, also known as the Anniversary of Italy's Liberation from Nazi-Fascism on 25 April, and Festa della Repubblica, which celebrates the birth of the Italian Republic on 2 June, should be substituted with the National Unity and Armed Forces Day on 4 November, which commemorates Italy's victory in World War I. She said that Liberation Day and Festa della Repubblica are "two controversial celebrations".[76]

When she founded Fratelli d'Italia in 2012, Meloni decided to add in the party flag a tricolour flame, a symbol from the neo-fascist party Italian Social Movement, which derived its name and ideals from the Italian Social Republic (RSI) a "violent, socialising, and revolutionary republican" variant of fascism established as a Nazi puppet state by Mussolini in 1943.[77] The tricolour flame represents Mussolini's remains, where a flame is always burning on his tomb in Predappio.[78] In October 2019, Fratelli d'Italia distanced from the party section of Ascoli Piceno celebrating the anniversary of the March on Rome.[79] But, in an interview to La Stampa, Meloni responded to the 2021 Fanpage investigation by minimizing it: while Carlo Fidanza, a high-ranking member, was suspended, Meloni refused to remove openly neo-fascist members from Fratelli d'Italia.[80][81]

Meloni has often been accused of xenophobia,[82][83][84] saying that the government favours illegal immigrants,[85] as well as Islamophobia.[86][87] Meloni endorses the far-right conspiracy of the Great Replacement.[88] She believes a planned mass replacement (known as Kalergi Plan) from Africa to Europe wants to replace and cancel the Italian population.[89][90][91] In 2022, she raised criticism for some of her stances on vaccines and COVID-19, such as not vaccinating her daughter,[92][93][94] and claiming the probability of someone aged 0–19 dying from COVID-19 to be the same as being struck by lightning.[95][96]

In February 2016, Meloni stated she would "rather not have a gay child" during an interview given to Le Iene, an Italian television show.[97][66] Meloni supports the anti-gender movement, a belief born in the mid-1990s in the circles of the Opus Dei in order to condemn any social position other than that approved by the Catholic Church, opposing gender studies.[98][99][100] Meloni said she was willing to change the Constitution of Italy to make illegal any types of LGBT families and to support only traditional families. She has been criticised for having a child and not being married.[101] In March 2018, Meloni argued with The Walt Disney Company for the decision to represent a gay couple in the musical fantasy movie Frozen II, writing on her social networks: "Enough! We are sick of it! Take your hands off the children."[102][103][104]

In 2006, Meloni defended the laws passed by the Berlusconi III Cabinet that benefited Berlusconi's companies and also delayed ongoing trials involving him. Meloni stated "it is necessary to contextualise them. Those are laws that Silvio Berlusconi made for himself. But they are perfectly fair laws."[105]

On August 21, 2022, Meloni reposted a pixelized video on Twitter that shows a woman being raped by an asylum seeker. The victim of the violence decried the publication of the video and she declared she was recognised by the video posted.[106] After receiving backlash, Meloni tried to defend herself by accusing other politicians of not having condemned the rape itself.[58]

Personal life

Meloni has one daughter called Ginevra with partner Andrea Giambruno,[107] who is a journalist working for Silvio Berlusconi's Mediaset TV channel.[108]

Electoral history

Election House Constituency Party Votes Result
2006 Chamber of Deputies Lazio 1 AN –[a]  Y Elected
2008 Chamber of Deputies Lazio 2 PdL –[a]  Y Elected
2013 Chamber of Deputies Lombardy 3 FdI –[a]  Y Elected
2018 Chamber of Deputies Lazio 2 – Latina FdI 70,268  Y Elected
  1. ^ a b c She was elected in a closed list proportional representation system.

First-past-the-post elections

2018 general election (C): Latina
Candidate Coalition Votes %
Giorgia Meloni Centre-right coalition 70,268 41.0
Leone Martellucci Five Star Movement 62,563 36.5
Federico Fauttilli Centre-left coalition 26,293 15.3
Others 12,269 7.2
Total 171,393 100.0

Writings

  • Meloni, Giorgia (2011). Noi crediamo. Saggi (in Italian). Podda, Stefano (curator) (paperback ed.). Milan: Sperling & Kupfer, Mondadori. pp. XXVII, 164. ISBN 978-8-8200-4932-4. OCLC 898518765. Archived from the original on 25 August 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2022 – via Google Books.
  • Meloni, Giorgia; Meluzzi, Alessandro; Mercurio, Valentina (2019). Mafia nigeriana. Origini, rituali, crimini. I saggi (in Italian) (paperback ed.). Mantova: Oligo Editore. ISBN 978-8-8857-2325-2. Retrieved 14 August 2022 – via Google Books.
  • Meloni, Giorgia (2021). Io sono Giorgia, le mie radici, le mie idee. Saggi (in Italian) (paperback ed.). Rome: Rizzoli. ISBN 978-8-8171-5468-0.

References

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  65. ^ "Giorgia Meloni ricorda Almirante: 'Politico e patriota stimato anche dai suoi avversari'. Polemica sui social". Open (in Italian). 22 May 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  66. ^ a b Carlo, Andrea (29 July 2022). "I'm Italian and I'm deeply worried about our probable next prime minister". The Independent. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  67. ^ "Giorgia Meloni ricorda il 'patriota' Almirante, bufera sul web: 'Collaborò coi nazisti e fu firmatario delle leggi razziali'". Il Reformista (in Italian). 22 May 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  68. ^ "Giorgia Meloni elogia Almirante come patriota: Le servirebbe un ripasso di storia". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). 23 May 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  69. ^ "Cinque sfumature di nero – Report" (in Italian). RAI. 7 December 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  70. ^ David, Ariel (3 June 2019). "'Defend Our Christian Identity!' Meet the Far Right 'Anti-globalist' Who Could Lead Italy". Haaretz. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  71. ^ "Il dirigente di Fratelli d'Italia: 'Dobbiamo essere liberi di poterci definire fascisti'". Globalist (in Italian). 23 November 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  72. ^ Dellabella, Sara (14 July 2020). "Elezioni, quanti nostalgici del Duce nelle liste di Fratelli d'Italia". L'Espresso (in Italian). Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  73. ^ "L'inchiesta di Fanpage su Fratelli d'Italia a Milano". Il Post (in Italian). 1 October 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  74. ^ Leo, Carmelo; Faieta, Alfredo (1 October 2021). "L'inchiesta 'Lobby Nera' su Fratelli d'Italia e i presunti finanziamenti illeciti". Domani (in Italian). Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  75. ^ "An undercover investigation exposes a group of right-wing extremists influencing Italian politics from the shadows". Fanpage. 10 December 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  76. ^ Rubino, Monica (November 2018). "'Il 25 aprile è divisivo, il 4 novembre torni festa nazionale': Meloni lancia l'offensiva patriottica di Fdi". La Repubblica (in Italian). Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  77. ^ "La fiamma, dal disegno di Almirante al nuovo logo di Fratelli d'Italia". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). 12 April 2017. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  78. ^ Curridori, Francesco (15 October 2021). "Vogliono spegnere la fiamma tricolore". Il Giornale (in Italian). Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  79. ^ Berizzi, Paolo (29 October 2019). "Neofascismo, ad Ascoli Piceno Fratelli d'Italia celebra la marcia su Roma con una cena-evento". La Repubblica (in Italian). Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  80. ^ Artiaco, Ida (18 December 2021). "Meloni sull'inchiesta Lobby Nera di Fanpage: 'Non caccio i dirigenti Fdi per un aperitivo sbagliato'". Fanpage (in Italian). Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  81. ^ In December 2021, Fratelli d'Italia's Alfredo Catapano and Luigi Rispoli were among former MSI members who did a Roman salute, which was condemned by the ANPI. Rispoli told Fanpage: "I believe in the new right and in the efforts Giorgia Meloni is making in Brothers of Italy. It makes me wonder, frankly, this clamour.""Napoli, 'dirigenti e militanti di Fratelli d'Italia in posa mentre fanno il saluto romano'. L'Anpi condanna: 'Offesa grave per la città'". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). 31 December 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  82. ^ "Elezioni, Amnesty: 'Italia intrisa d'odio e razzismo. 95% delle frasi xenofobe dal centrodestra'. Salvini in vetta, Meloni 2a". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). 22 February 2018. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  83. ^ Sunderland, Judith (28 February 2018). "La xenofobia nella campagna elettorale italiana" (in Italian). Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  84. ^ "Meloni la xenofoba: 'Non abbiamo monitorato gli immigrati, ma ora lo facciamo per Covid-19'". Globalist (in Italian). 20 April 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  85. ^ "L'Ossessione xenofoba di Meloni: 'Il governo non si occupa dell'Italia ma favorisce i clandestini'". Globalist (in Italian). 4 December 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  86. ^ "Meloni usa l'attentato di Londra per alimentare l'islamofobia sovranista". Globalist (in Italian). 30 November 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  87. ^ "Giorgia Meloni con la scimitarra verbale: 'La conversione è uno dei metodi del terrorismo islamico'". Globalist (in Italian). 10 May 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  88. ^ "Sui migranti Meloni rispolvera la teoria del complotto: Un disegno di Soros contro l'Europa". Globalist (in Italian). 19 June 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  89. ^ Drago, Giovanni (7 October 2016). "Giorgia Meloni contro il terribile Piano Kalergi". nextQuotidiano (in Italian). Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  90. ^ "Meloni e il piano segreto per portare immigrati in Italia: Qualcuno le racconti come stanno davvero le cose". The Post Internazionale (in Italian). 19 June 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  91. ^ Bernasconi, Francesca (19 June 2019). "Meloni: 'Soros complice di piano per destrutturare la società'". Il Giornale (in Italian). Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  92. ^ "Covid, Meloni: 'Non vaccino mia figlia perché non è una religione'". La Repubblica (in Italian). 8 February 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  93. ^ "Covid, Meloni: 'Non vaccino mia figlia'". Adnkronos (in Italian). 8 February 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  94. ^ "'Non vaccino mia figlia'. Su una cosa almeno Salvini e Meloni sono d'accordo". L'HuffPost (in Italian). 9 February 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  95. ^ "Meloni: 'Un ragazzo ha le stesse possibilità di morire per un fulmine che di Covid'. La replica di Burioni". L'Unione Sarda (in Italian). 8 February 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  96. ^ "Fulmini e Covid-19: cosa non torna nei dati di Meloni". Pagella Politica (in Italian). 9 February 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  97. ^ "Giorgia Meloni alle Iene: 'Preferirei non avere un figlio gay'". Il Secolo XIX (in Italian). 22 February 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  98. ^ Lami, Paolo (10 June 2015). "Meloni, FdI: Contro l'ideologia gender presenti al raduno sulla famiglia". Secolo d'Italia. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  99. ^ "La discriminazione non si combatte con la diffusione della teoria gender nelle scuole". Giorgia Meloni (in Italian). 24 June 2015. Archived from the original on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  100. ^ "Scuola, Meloni a Giannini: Teoria del gender non è lotta alla discriminazione". Fratelli d'Italia (in Italian). 25 June 2022. Archived from the original on 1 March 2018. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  101. ^ "Giorgia Meloni: 'In Costituzione il divieto di adozione per le coppie omosessuali'". Gaypost.it (in Italian). 29 January 2018. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  102. ^ De Gregorio, Antonella (3 February 2018). "Elsa di Frozen lesbica? Da Salvini a Meloni, la destra contro la Disney". La Repubblica (in Italian). Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  103. ^ "Elsa di Frozen lesbica? Salvini e Meloni contro la Disney". Il Messagero (in Italian). 2 March 2018. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  104. ^ De Montis, Luisa (2 March 2018). "Salvini: 'Elsa di Frozen lesbica? Il mondo al contrario...'". Il Giornale (in Italian). Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  105. ^ "Giorgia Meloni". Corsera Magazine (in Italian). 7 December 2006. Archived from the original on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
  106. ^ "La donna violentata a Piacenza: "Riconosciuta dal video, sono disperata", 27enne si difende: "L'ho soccorsa"". 23 August 2022.
  107. ^ "Ginevra, 'sorellina d'Italia': è nata la bambina di Giorgia Meloni". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). 16 September 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  108. ^ Bonamoneta, Giorgia (27 June 2021). "'Chi è Andrea Giambruno compagno di Giorgia Meloni". Money.it (in Italian). Retrieved 14 August 2022. Updated 12 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
Party political offices
Preceded by President of the Brothers of Italy
2014–present 		Incumbent
Political offices
Preceded by Minister of Youth
2008–2011 		Succeeded by
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