Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷet-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*gʷet-^[1]^[2]

resin, gum

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷet- (resin) (1 c, 0 e)

*gʷét-u ~ gʷt-éw-s

*gʷet-yó-s
- ⇒ Proto-Celtic: *betyos
  - Gaulish: *betyos^[3]
    - → Vulgar Latin: *betius
      - Catalan: bez
      - Occitan: bez
      - Spanish: biezo

*gʷēt-
- Proto-Germanic: *kwēdǭ
  - Old Norse: kváða
    - Norwegian: kvåde, kode
    - Swedish: kåda
    - Elfdalian: kwåða

*gʷēt-yo-m
- Proto-Germanic: *kwēdiją
  - Old Norse: *kvæði
    - Norwegian: kvæde

Root

*gʷet-^[4]

to say, speak

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷet- (say) (1 c, 0 e)

*gʷét-e-ti (thematic present)^[5]
- Proto-Germanic: *kweþaną (see there for further descendants)
*gʷot-éye-ti (eye-causative)^[6]
- Proto-Germanic: *kwadjaną (see there for further descendants)
*gʷot-ye-ti (ye-present)^[7]^[8]
- Old Armenian: կոչեմ (kočʻem) (see there for further descendants)
*gʷēt-i-s
- Proto-Germanic: *kwēdiz (see there for further descendants)
*gʷet-í-s
- Proto-Germanic: *kwidiz (see there for further descendants)
*gʷét-ti-s^[9]
- Proto-Germanic: *kwissiz (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Slavic: *gatati (see there for further descendants)
- Sanskrit: गदति (gadati)

References

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*betu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 64-65: “GAUL: *betyo-”
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kweþan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 319
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kweþan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 319: “gʷét-e-”
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kwadjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[5], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 314: “gʷot-éie-”
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kweþan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[6], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 319: “gʷét-ie-”
^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “kočʿem”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 371: “*gʷ-ot-i̯e-”
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kwessi-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[7], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 33: “gʷet-ti-”

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[2] Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[3] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*betu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 64-65: “GAUL: *betyo-”

[4] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kweþan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 319

[5] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kweþan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 319: “gʷét-e-”

[6] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kwadjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[5], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 314: “gʷot-éie-”

[7] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kweþan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[6], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 319: “gʷét-ie-”

[8] Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “kočʿem”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 371: “*gʷ-ot-i̯e-”

[9] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kwessi-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[7], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 33: “gʷet-ti-”

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