Tarihin Kasar Sin

Tarihin Kasar Sin
history of a country or state (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	history of East Asia (en)
Facet of (en)	China (en) , Chinese civilization (en) da Sin

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tutar china

Tarihin Kasar Sin ya ƙunshi ɗubban shekaru Aru Aru. Litattafan farko sun kasance daga kusan shekaru 1250 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa amma an san wasu abubuwa game da lokutan baya. Tarihin kasar Sin ya ƙunshi lokuta da dauloli da dama. Ana iya raba shi zuwa sassa masu kamar haka:

ginin akadami na chana

.

Tarihi

Tarihi yana nufin tarihin wani lokaci kafin kowane rubutaccen rikodin. A irin wannan yanayi, yana da matukar wahala a faɗi wani abu tabbatacce game da tarihin China ko wata ƙasa. Ko da a lokacin, masana tarihi sun yi imani da wasu bayanai game da China na wancan lokacin. Kimanin shekaru miliyan da suka wuce Homo erectus, wani nau'in ɗan Adam na farko, ya rayu a China. Daga baya, kimanin shekaru 65,000 da suka gabata, 'yan Adam na zamani Homo sapiens sun isa China daga Afirka. Don neman abinci, suna farautar namun daji. Sun kuma fara karba da tattara 'ya'yan itatuwa, wanda a ƙarshe ya haifar da koyon Sinanci don yin noma a shekara ta 5000 K.Z. Sun fara noman shinkafa da wataƙila wasu nau'ukan hatsi. A shekara ta 2500 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, zamanin Tagulla ya zo China. Ajin masu mulki tare da sarakuna sun shigo cikin al'umma. The better-known Peking Man (北京猿人; near Beijing) of 700,000–400,000 BP,

Tsohon Tarihi

Daular Xia

Wasu masana suna tunanin cewa kimanin shekaru 4000 da suka gabata, daular Xia ta yi mulkin ƙasar Sin. Yu (Da Yu) shi ne farkon mai mulkin wannan daular. Akwai wasu sahihan labarai masu aminci game da Yu (wanda zai iya zama almara), lokacin sa, da sauran sarakunan daular Xia.

Daular Shang

Daga lokacin daular Shang, akwai wasu rubutattun tarihi. An yi rubuce-rubuce a kan tasoshin Oracle. An samu irin wannan ƙasusuwa da harsashi da yawa. Masana sun kuma yi imanin cewa a yau Henan shi ne babban birni na tara kuma na ƙarshe na sarakunan daular Shang. Yawancin masana tarihi na ƙasar Sin na wancan lokacin suna tunanin cewa daulolin ɗaya na bin daya ce. Amma kuma yana iya yiwuwa dauloli biyu suna mulki a sassa daban -daban na ƙasar Sin a lokaci guda. Don haka, wasu masana suna tunanin cewa daular Xia da daular Shang na iya yin mulki a lokaci guda, amma a yankuna daban-daban na ƙasar Sin.

Daular Zhou

Game da shekara ta 1046 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, daular Zhou ta ci sarkin ƙarshe na daular Shang da yaki kuma ta hau mulki. Sun canza babban birnin daga Henan zuwa wani wuri kusa da Xi'an na yanzu, kusa da Kogin Yellow. Daular Zhou kuma ta kawo sabuwar ƙa'ida ga ƙasar Sin (duba Dokar Sama). Kusan dukkan daulolin sarakunan China sun ci gaba da maimaita wannan ƙa'idar. Sarakunan wannan daular sun ci sabbin yankuna da yawa. A karon farko a tarihin ƙasar Sin, adadi mai yawa na mutane kuma sun tashi daga wannan yanki zuwa wani yanki don yin sulhu.

Lokacin bazara da kaka

Lokacin bazara da kaka ya kusan ƙarni na 8 BC. Daular Zhou ta cigaba, amma karfin ta ya ragu yayinda ubangiji ya samu filaye da mabiya. Sarakuna da yawa sun yi mulki a sassa daban-daban na ƙasar Sin. China ta zama jahohi masu rarrabuwar kawuna, kowanne sarki daban ke mulkin sa. A wasu lokuta, wani Sarki yana mulkin ƙauyen da ke da ƙaramin sansanin soja. A wannan lokacin na China, sabbin layin tunani da yawa sun tashi. Wasu daga cikinsu har yanzu suna cigaba da zama masu mahimmanci. Su ne Confucianism, Taoism, Legalism da Mohism .

Lokacin jahohi

Lokacin bazara da kaka ya cigaba kusan shekaru 300. Ya zuwa ƙarni na 5 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, sauran manyan china guda bakwai ne suka rage. Sun kwace dukkan ƙananan wurare. Waɗannan jihohi sun cigaba da yaƙar juna. Masana tarihi sun kira wannan lokacin lokacin Yaƙin Jihohi saboda yaƙe -yaƙe da faɗa tsakanin waɗannan jihohin. A shekara ta 221BC, Ying Zheng, Sarkin jihar Qin, ya haɗe dukkanin jihohi bakwai. Ya mai da kansa Sarkin China kuma ya kafa daular Qin.

Masarautar China

Daular Qin

Babban Ginin China

Daular Qin sarauta ce mai matuƙar muhimmanci a tarihin ƙasar Sin. Sun bi falsafar Legalism. Babban birninsu yana Xianyang. A ƙarƙashin Sarkin wannan daular, China ta zama ƙasa mai ƙarfi. An yi sabbin abubuwa da yawa a karon farko. An bi tsarin doka mai tsauri. An bunƙasa harshe da aka rubuta. An yi amfani da kuɗin gama gari. An fara gina babbar ganuwar China.

Daular Han

Liu Bang ne ya kafa daular Han bayan daular Qin ta ƙare. A lokacin daular Han, yankin ƙasar Sin ya fadada, kuma an samu cigaba da yawa a fannin kimiyya da fasaha. An ɗauke shi a zaman zinare a tarihin ƙasar Sin.

Masarautu Uku

Lokacin Masarautu Uku (Sinawa na gargajiya: 三國; Sinawa da aka sauƙaƙe: 三国; pinyin: Sānguó) lokaci ne na tarihi inda aka raba China zuwa jihohin Cao Wei, Shu Han, da Wu Wu ta Gabas. Daular Han ta Gabas ta rasa duk wani iko. Daga ƙarshe, sarkin daular Han ya yi murabus.

Daular Sui

Daular Sui (隋朝 朝 Suí cháo; 581-618) Sarkin Wen, ko Yang Jian ne ya kafa shi. Babban birninta shi ne Chang'an ( Xi'an na yanzu ). Daular tana da mahimmanci saboda ta sake haɗa kan Kudanci da Arewacin China kuma an gina Babban Canal a wancan lokacin.

Daular Tang

Gidan Li (李) ne ya kafa daular Tang, wanda ya hau mulki a lokacin faɗuwar Daular Sui. A zamanin daular aka katse wani ɗan gajeren lokaci da biyu Zhou daular (16 Oktoba 690-3 Maris 705) a lokacin da Empress Wu Zetian ke gudanar da da'awar da kursiyin, zama na farko da kawai Sin Empress . Babban birnin Tang, Chang'an (Xi'an na yau), shi ne birni mafi girma a duniya a lokacin. Yawancin masana tarihi suna ganin daular Tang a matsayin babban matsayi a cikin wayewar ƙasar Sin kuma a matsayin zamanin zinare na al'adun duniya.

Daular Song

gunkin yuan

Daular Yuan

Daular Yuan ta fara mulkin Genghis Khan, shugaban Mongoliya wanda ya karɓe iko daga daular Song. An ɗauke shi bare ne ba wayewa ba. Jikansa, Kublai Khan, na ɗaya daga cikin mashahuran sarakunan daular Yuan. Ya buɗe ƙasar Sin ga sauran al'adu da yawa kuma ya kyautata rayuwar Sinawa sosai.

Daular Ming

A shekara ta 1368, tawayen da Zhu Yuanzhang ke jagoranta ya ɓarke a Kudancin ƙasar Sin, daga ƙarshe ya kifar da daular Yuan. Daga nan Zhu Yuanzhang ya kafa daular Ming a Nanjing, babban birninta har sai da Sarki Yongle ya canza babban birnin zuwa Beijing. A ƙarni na 15, wani mutum mai suna Zheng He ya dauki mafi yawan sojojin ruwa na Ming ya kuma bincika tekun Indiya, ya kawo dukiya da iko ga Daular Ming. Masarautar ta sami lokacin wadata har zuwa 1449, lokacin da Yakin Tumu ya ɓarke. A cikin yaƙin 'yan ƙabilar Mongol na Yuan sun kame Sarkin kuma sun kewaye babban birnin. Bayan yakin da Mongols, Ming ya fara raguwa. A wannan lokacin, daular ta yi yaƙe-yaƙe biyu tare da Jafananci (na farko kan masu fashin teku na Japan ya faru a Kudu Maso Gabashin China; na biyu a kan sojojin Toyotomi Hideyoshi wadanda suka mamaye Koriya), da yaki kaya tare da Fotigal na Macao. Waɗannan yaƙe -yaƙe a ƙarshe sun raunana daular da ke raguwa. A cikin 1616, tawaye ya ɓarke a Manchuria da Shanxi. Shekaru ashirin da takwas bayan haka, Manchus ya ƙetare Babban Ganuwar, ya mamaye babban birnin, ya lalata 'yan tawayen Shanxi.

Zamani

 

Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin

Mao Zedong shi ne shugaban Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin daga 1949 har zuwa rasuwarsa a 1976. A ƙarni na 21 ƙasar Sin ta zama ƙasa mafi arziki a duniya ta fuskar GDP .

Hotuna

Sauran shafukan yanar gizo

• Tarihin China: Teburin Abun ciki - Ƙungiyar Hargitsi a Jami'ar Maryland
• Database na kasar Sin Archived 2016-11-20 at the Wayback Machine ta Academia Sinica
• Rubuce -rubucen Rubuce -rubuce da Database Archived 2020-05-06 at the Wayback Machine na Academia Sinica
• China Chronology Duniya Tarihi Database Archived 2010-11-08 at the Wayback Machine Archived
• Archived Tsohon Duniyar Asiya ta Asiya Archived 2012-05-15 at the Wayback Machine Tarihi, al'adu da ilimin kimiya na tsohuwar nahiyar Asiya. Labarai da hotuna da yawa
• Jagorar duniya don nazarin China Archived 2012-11-29 at the Wayback Machine Archived
• Dandalin Tarihin Kasar Sin Archived 2017-07-02 at the Wayback Machine
• Tarihi Forum - Tattauna tarihin kasar Sin a tarihi Forum ta Asian Tarihi sashe
• Sin Siege Yin yãƙi - Mechanical harbi da Siege Makamai tsufa - An kwatanta Tarihi sayi zuwa gare ku daga Tarihi Forum
• Tarihin Saukaka na China
• Yin Yu Tang: Gidan Sinawa Ya bincika abubuwan da ke cikin kayan gine -gine na cikin gida a lokacin daular Qing da kuma alaƙar sa da al'adun gargajiyar Sinawa da al'adun tarihi.
• Farkon na da China Archived 2006-07-19 at the Wayback Machine Archived jarida ce da aka sadaukar da ita ga malanta na ilimi wanda ya shafi lokacin kusan tsakanin ƙarshen Han da farkon zamanin Tang.
• Hoton Fagen Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu
• Kasar Sin ta sake gano Tarihin da ta mallaka na tsawon minti 100 kan tarihin kasar Sin wanda mashahurin masani/marubuci Yu Ying-shih, Farfesa Emeritus na Nazarin Asiya ta Gabas da Tarihi a Jami'ar Princeton ya bayar.
• Abubuwan albarkatu ga ɗaliban Makarantar Tsakiya Ana Archived 2008-01-05 at the Wayback Machine iya karanta albarkatun da ake iya karantawa ga ɗalibai a aji 5-9 - fiye da hanyoyin haɗi 250.
• China, tarihi -Citizendium