Traktat Angkatan Nuklir Jangko Manangah
Traktat Angkatan Nuklir Jangko Manangah (bahaso Inggirih: Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, disingkek Traktat INF) adolah namo singkatan dari Traktat Antaro Amerika Sarikat jo Republik Sosialis Uni Soviet tantang Eliminasi Misil Jangko Pendek jo Jangko Manangah Mereka, sabuah pajanjian 1987 antaro Amerika Sarikat jo Uni Soviet (jo kamudian nagara-nagara panaruihnyo, tautamo Federasi Rusia). Ditandatangani di Washington, D.C. dek Presiden Ronald Reagan jo pamimpin Soviet Mikhail Gorbachev pado 8 Desember 1987, traktat tasabuik diratifikasian dek Senat Amerika Serikat pado 27 Mai 1988 jo dibalakuan pado 1 Juni 1988.
Traktat INF mangeliminasi saluruah nuklir jo misil konvensional, sarato para paluncua mereka, jo rato-rato 500–1,000 kilometers (310–620 mi) (jangko pendek) jo 1,000–5,500 kilometers (620–3,420 mi) (jangko manangah). Traktat tasabuik indak maliputi misil-misil nan diluncuan ka lauik.[1] Pada Mei 1991, 2.692 misil dieliminasi, disusul dek 10 taun inspeksi verifikasi di tampek.[2]
Referensi
[suntiang | suntiang sumber]Kutipan
[suntiang | suntiang sumber]- ↑ "INF Treaty". United States Department of State. Diakses tanggal 15 August 2016.
- ↑ Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (2007). SIPRI Yearbook 2007: Armaments, Disarmament, and International Security. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 683. https://books.google.com/books?id=Ys0bJwNfF_MC&lpg=PA683&pg=PA683#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Bacaan tambahan
[suntiang | suntiang sumber]- Bohlen, Avis; Burns, William; Pifer, Steven; Woodworth, John (2012). The Treaty on Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces: History and Lessons Learned (PDF) (Laporan). Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution. Diakses tanggal 16 August 2016.
- Davis, Lynn E. "Lessons of the INF Treaty." Foreign Affairs 66.4 (1988): 720-734. in JSTOR
- Garthoff, Raymond L. (1983). "The NATO Decision on Theater Nuclear Forces". Political Science Quarterly. 98 (2): 197–214. JSTOR 2149415.
- Giles, Keir; Monaghan, Andrew (2014). European Missile Defense and Russia. Carlisle Barracks, PA: United States Army War College Press. ISBN 1-58487-635-2. http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/display.cfm?pubID=1219. Diakses pado 5 Pebruari 2019.
- Haass, Richard (1988). Beyond the INF Treaty: Arms, Arms Control, and the Atlantic Alliance. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. ISBN 978-0-819-16942-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=6wB9-pA--LwC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false.
- Legge, J. Michael (1983). Theater Nuclear Weapons and the NATO Strategy of Flexible Response (PDF) (Laporan). RAND Corporation. Diakses tanggal 15 August 2016.
- Rhodes, Richard (2008). Arsenals of Folly: The Making of the Nuclear Arms Race. New York, NY: Vintage. ISBN 978-0-375-71394-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=x0l3R0BMR6YC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Pranala lua
[suntiang | suntiang sumber] |
Wikimedia Commons mampunyoi media nan bahubuangan jo Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty |
- Text of the INF Treaty
- Video of a 1986 PBS program on the future of arms control
- Video of a 1986 year-in-review for the Soviet Union
- Statements by Ronald Reagan on INF Treaty negotiations in March Archived 2017-09-05 di Wayback Machine., April Archived 2017-09-05 di Wayback Machine., June Archived 2017-09-05 di Wayback Machine., and December Archived 2017-09-05 di Wayback Machine. 1987