ᱵᱤ. ᱟᱨ. ᱟᱢᱵᱮᱰᱠᱚᱨ

ᱵᱤ. ᱟᱨ. ᱟᱢᱵᱮᱰᱠᱚᱨ
ᱵᱤ. ᱟᱨ. ᱟᱢᱵᱮᱰᱠᱚᱨ
	᱑᱙᱕᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤ. ᱟᱨ. ᱟᱢᱵᱮᱫᱽᱠᱚᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱾
Member of Parliament of Rajya Sabha for Bombay State
	ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ; 3 April 1952 – 6 December 1956
ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ	Rajendra Prasad
ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱱᱛᱨᱤ	Jawaharlal Nehru
1st Minister of Law and Justice
	ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ; 15 August 1947 – 6 October 1951
ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ	ᱨᱟᱡᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ
Governor General	Louis Mountbatten; C. Rajagopalachari
ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱱᱛᱨᱤ	ᱡᱚᱵᱟᱦᱚᱨᱞᱟᱞ ᱱᱮᱦᱨᱩ
ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ	Position established
ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ	ᱪᱟᱨᱩ ᱪᱚᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱵᱤᱥᱣᱟᱥ
Chairman of the Constitution Drafting Committee
	ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ; 29 August 1947 – 24 January 1950
Member of the Constituent Assembly of India
	ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ; 9 December 1946 – 24 January 1950
ᱵᱟᱪᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ	• Bengal Province (1946-47); • Bombay Province (1947-50)
Minister of Labour in Viceroy's Executive Council
	ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ; 22 July 1942 – 20 October 1946
Governor General	The Marquess of Linlithgow; The Viscount Wavell
ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ	ᱯᱷᱮᱨᱚᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱩᱱ
Leader of the Opposition in the Bombay Legislative Assembly
	ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ; 1937–1942
Member of the Bombay Legislative Assembly
	ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ; 1937–1942
ᱵᱟᱪᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ	ᱵᱚᱢᱵᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ (ᱵᱟᱭᱠᱩᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱮᱞ) ᱡᱮᱱᱨᱟᱞ ᱩᱨᱵᱟᱱ
Member of the Bombay Legislative Council
	ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ; 1926–1937
ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱵᱤᱵᱚᱨᱚᱱ
Pronunciation	Bhīmrāo Rāmjī Āmbēḍkar
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ	ᱵᱷᱤᱣᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱢᱡᱤ ᱥᱟᱠᱯᱟᱞ; ᱑᱔ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱘᱙᱑; Mhow (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱨ . ᱟᱢᱵᱮᱰᱠᱚᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ), ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱯᱨᱟᱱᱛ, ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ; (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱢ ᱡᱟᱱᱢᱟᱹᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤ, ᱰᱨ. ᱟᱢᱵᱮᱰᱠᱚᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ, ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱭᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ)
ᱜᱩᱨ	᱖ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱕᱖ (᱖᱕ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ); Dr. Ambedkar National Memorial (Dr. Ambedkar Parinirvan Bhoomi), Delhi, New Delhi, India
ᱛᱚᱯᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ	Chaitya Bhoomi, Mumbai; 19°01′34″N 72°50′05″E / 19.026149°N 72.834599°ECoordinates: 19°01′34″N 72°50′05″E / 19.026149°N 72.834599°E
ᱱᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ	India
ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ	Indian
ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ	• Independent Labour Party; • Scheduled Castes Federation
ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ; ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ	• Republican Party of India
ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ	Ramabai Ambedkar; (m. 1906; died 1935); Savita Ambedkar (m. 1948);
ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ	Yashwant Ambedkar
ᱚᱲᱟᱜ	• Rajgruha, Mumbai, Maharashtra; • 26 Alipur road, Dr. Ambedkar National Memorial, New Delhi
ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ	University of Mumbai (B.A., M.A.); Columbia University (M.A., PhD); London School of Economics (M.Sc., D.Sc.); Gray's Inn (Barrister-at-Law);
ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ	Jurist; economist; academic; politician; social reformer; anthropologist; writer;
ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱟᱭ	Dalit rights movement; Drafting Constitution of India; Dalit Buddhist movement
ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ	Bharat Ratna; (posthumously in 1990)
ᱥᱩᱦᱤ

ᱵᱷᱤᱢᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱢᱡᱤ ᱟᱢᱵᱮᱰᱠᱚᱨ (᱑᱔ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱘᱙᱑ - ᱖ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱕᱖) ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ, ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ-ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽ-ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱛ ᱵᱚᱣᱫᱷ ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱴᱮᱫ (ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱛ) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽ ᱵᱟᱣ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱫᱷᱤᱠᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱩᱱ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱣᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱚ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ

ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱺ- ᱑᱔ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱘᱙᱑, ᱢᱚᱣ, ᱤᱱᱫᱚᱨ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟ, ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱭᱚᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱾

ᱜᱩᱨ ᱺ- ᱖ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱕᱖, (ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ ᱖᱕) ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱾

ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱺ- ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱾

ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱺ- ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽ ᱾

ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱺ- BA, MA, Ph.D., M.Sc., D.C., LL.D., D.Lit., Bar-at-Law (Total 32 Degrees earned)

ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱺ- ᱵᱚᱢᱵᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ, ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢᱵᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱳᱯᱷ ᱮᱠᱚᱱᱚᱢᱤᱠᱥ ᱵᱮᱨᱞᱤᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱾

ᱨᱟᱡᱽ-ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱺ- ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱯᱚᱵᱞᱤᱠᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱾

ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱺ- ᱵᱚᱣᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ (ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱟᱛ) ᱾

ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱡᱩᱨᱤ :- ᱨᱚᱢᱟᱵᱟᱭᱤ ᱟᱢᱵᱮᱫᱽᱠᱚᱨ (ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱑᱙᱐᱖), ᱰᱨᱹ ᱥᱚᱵᱤᱛᱟ ᱟᱢᱵᱮᱰᱠᱚᱨ (ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱑᱙᱔᱘)

ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ/ᱢᱟᱹᱱ :- ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱚᱛᱱᱚ (᱑᱙᱙᱐), ᱵᱳᱫᱷᱤᱥᱚᱛᱣᱚ (᱑᱙᱕᱖), 'ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ' ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢᱵᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱦᱮᱰ ᱳᱯᱷ ᱫᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢ (᱒᱐᱐᱔) 'ᱯᱩᱱᱟᱜ' ᱫᱤ ᱢᱮᱠᱚᱨᱥ ᱳᱯᱷ ᱫᱤ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥ ᱫᱤ ᱜᱨᱮᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ (᱒᱐᱑᱒) ᱾

ᱟᱢᱵᱮᱰᱠᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱯᱩᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱪᱮᱛᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢᱵᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱳᱯᱷ ᱤᱠᱚᱱᱚᱢᱤᱠᱥ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱼᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨᱮᱴ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤᱭ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱩᱱ/ᱨᱟᱭ, ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱼᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱼᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱼᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱰᱵᱷᱳᱠᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱼᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱟᱹᱲᱼᱫᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱢᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱵᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱷᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱯᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱯᱟᱛᱷᱟᱢ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱼᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱫᱷᱤᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱠᱚᱛ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱛᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

᱑᱙᱕᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱣᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱚᱛᱱᱚ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱚᱨᱤᱠ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱦᱟᱞᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ

ᱟᱢᱵᱮᱰᱠᱚᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱭᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱢᱯ ᱢᱚᱦᱩ ᱟᱹᱛᱩᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱢᱡᱤ ᱢᱟᱞᱳᱡᱤ ᱥᱚᱠᱯᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱢᱟᱵᱟᱭᱤ ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱑᱔ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱸᱵᱚᱰᱚᱵᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱛᱱᱟᱜᱤᱨᱤ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱪᱷᱩᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱺᱦᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽ ᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱰᱨᱹ ᱵᱷᱤᱢᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱢᱵᱮᱫᱽᱠᱚᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱭᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱸᱜᱽᱞᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱟᱞ ᱮᱡᱩᱠᱮᱥᱳᱱ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤᱭ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱜᱚᱣᱛᱚᱢ ᱵᱩᱫᱷᱷᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱢᱵᱮᱰᱠᱚᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱠᱚᱴ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱷᱤᱢᱨᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱴᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱨᱠᱮᱛ ᱥᱟᱥᱮᱛ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱢᱡᱤ ᱥᱚᱠᱯᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱢᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ 'ᱥᱚᱠᱯᱟᱞ' ᱴᱷᱟᱶᱨᱮ "ᱟᱢᱵᱟᱰᱵᱮᱠᱚᱨ " ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱝᱠᱳᱬ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱜᱚᱫ ᱠᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱢᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲ ᱟᱢᱵᱟᱰᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱢᱵᱟᱣᱰᱮᱠᱚᱨ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱠᱷᱮ ᱵᱟᱵᱽᱬᱮ ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱛ ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱟ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱫᱮᱵᱽ ᱟᱢᱵᱮᱫᱽᱠᱚᱨ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱮ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱱᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱢᱵᱟᱣᱰᱮᱠᱟᱨ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱥᱟᱺᱦᱤᱡ "ᱟᱢᱵᱮᱰᱠᱚᱨ" ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱮ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱵᱮᱰᱠᱚᱨ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱛᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱢᱡᱤ ᱟᱢᱵᱮᱰᱠᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱙᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟᱭᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ (ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱵᱚᱢᱵᱮ) ᱭ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱟᱢᱵᱮᱰᱠᱚᱨ ᱮᱞᱯᱷᱤᱱᱥᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱳᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱵᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱸᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱚᱪᱷᱩᱛ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱞᱟᱯᱷᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ

ᱜᱟᱭᱚᱠᱣᱟᱰ ᱨᱩᱞᱚᱨ (ruler) ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱑᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱮᱨᱮ ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱤᱴᱮᱰ ᱱᱮᱥᱳᱱᱥ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱳᱞᱳᱢᱵᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱲᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱢᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱢᱵᱮᱰᱠᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱑᱑. ᱕ ᱰᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱠᱳᱞᱟᱨᱥᱤᱯ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱣᱩᱭᱚᱨᱠ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱰᱨ. ᱵᱷᱤᱢᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱢᱵᱮᱰᱠᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ-ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱛᱷᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱱᱮᱨ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣᱥᱟᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱛᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱵᱟᱥ ᱠᱞᱳᱵᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱴᱟᱣ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱟᱞ ᱵᱷᱟᱛᱮᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱩᱸᱫᱽᱲᱤᱭ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱑᱖ ᱥᱟᱞᱮᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱯᱤ. ᱮᱪᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱦᱟᱞᱟᱝ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱤᱵᱷᱳᱞᱭᱩᱥᱳᱱ ᱳᱯᱷ ᱯᱨᱳᱵᱷᱤᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱᱟᱱᱥ ᱤᱱ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱩᱯᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ : ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱦᱤᱛ, ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱠᱴᱚᱨᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱑᱙᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱨ. ᱟᱢᱵᱮᱫᱽᱠᱚᱨ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱨᱮᱭ' ᱡᱽ ᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱮᱠᱳᱱᱳᱢᱤᱠᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱩᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ-ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱠᱴᱚᱨᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱠᱳᱞᱟᱨᱥᱤᱯ ᱛᱷᱩᱠᱟᱹᱢᱚᱜ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱲᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱦᱚᱴᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱚᱰᱚᱫᱳᱨᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱱᱟ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱮᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱩᱞᱩᱡ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱟᱴᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱰᱨ. ᱟᱢᱵᱮᱫᱽᱠᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱢᱚᱠᱚᱧ ᱜᱚᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱹᱠᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱭᱩᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱠᱟᱶᱱᱴᱮᱱᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱚᱞᱴᱤᱝ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱱᱮᱥ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱞᱟᱛ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱚ-ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱸᱜᱽᱞᱤᱥ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣᱤᱡ ᱵᱚᱢᱵᱮ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱡᱚᱯᱟᱲᱞᱚᱨᱰ ᱥᱤᱰᱱᱮᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱢᱵᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱰᱱᱮᱢ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱳᱯᱷ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱨᱥ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱤᱠᱚᱱᱚᱢᱤᱠᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ-ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱨᱳᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱨᱩᱯᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱹᱠᱨᱤᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱞᱦᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ, ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱴᱟᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱝ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱞᱮᱢᱥ ᱳᱯᱷ ᱫᱤ ᱨᱩᱯᱤ (ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ) ᱭ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ "ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱳᱯᱷ ᱥᱟᱸᱭᱤᱱᱥ" ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞ ᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱩᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱛᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶ-ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱨᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱨ. ᱵᱷᱤᱢᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱢᱵᱮᱫᱽᱠᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ-ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ, ᱵᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱢᱟᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱘ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢᱵᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱤ. ᱮᱪᱰᱤ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱦᱟᱞᱟᱝ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

↑ Sabha, Rajya. "Alphabetical List of All Members of Rajya Sabha Since 1952". R Sabha Secretariat. Archived from the original on 9 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2010. Serial Number 69 in the list
↑ "Attention BJP: When the Muslim League rescued Ambedkar from the 'dustbin of history'". Firstpost. 15 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2015. Archived from the original on 20 ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2015. Retrieved 5 ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2015.
↑ https://rajyasabhahindi.nic.in/rshindi/constituent_assembly/constituent_assembly_main.asp
↑ Keer, Dhananjay (13 August 1971). Dr. Ambedkar: Life and Mission. Popular Prakashan. ISBN 9788171542376 – via Google Books.
↑ Jaffrelot, Christophe (2005). Dr Ambedkar and Untouchability: Analysing and Fighting Caste. London: C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 5. ISBN 1850654492.
↑ ^᱖.᱐ ^᱖.᱑ Khairmode, Changdev Bhawanrao (1985). Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (Vol. 7) (in ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ). Mumbai: Maharashtra Rajya Sahilya Sanskruti Mandal, Matralaya. p. 245.
↑ ^᱗.᱐ ^᱗.᱑ Jaffrelot, Christophe (2005). Dr Ambedkar and Untouchability: Analysing and Fighting Caste. London: C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. pp. 76–77. ISBN 978-1850654490.
↑ Khairmode, Changdev Bhawanrao (1985). Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (Vol. 7) (in ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ). Mumbai: Maharashtra Rajya Sahilya Sanskruti Mandal, Matralaya. p. 273.

ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

http://khabar.ibnlive.com/news/politics/babasaheb-bhimrao-ambedkar-rahul-gandhi-jnu-professor-vivek-kumar-madhya-pradesh-377558.html Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱕-᱐᱖-᱒᱙ at the Wayback Machine.
http://www.symbiosis-ambedkarmemorial.com/ Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱑-᱐᱖-᱑᱕ at the Wayback Machine.

http://www.ambedkar.org/

http://c250.columbia.edu/c250_celebrates/remarkable_columbians/bhimrao_ambedkar.html

http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00ambedkar/ambedkar_buddha/

[1] Sabha, Rajya. "Alphabetical List of All Members of Rajya Sabha Since 1952". R Sabha Secretariat. Archived from the original on 9 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2010. Serial Number 69 in the list

[Firstpost_2015-2] "Attention BJP: When the Muslim League rescued Ambedkar from the 'dustbin of history'". Firstpost. 15 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 2015. Archived from the original on 20 ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2015. Retrieved 5 ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2015.

[3] ttps://rajyasabhahindi.nic.in/rshindi/constituent_assembly/constituent_assembly_main.asp

[4] Keer, Dhananjay (13 August 1971). Dr. Ambedkar: Life and Mission. Popular Prakashan. ISBN 9788171542376 – via Google Books.

[autogenerated2-5] Jaffrelot, Christophe (2005). Dr Ambedkar and Untouchability: Analysing and Fighting Caste. London: C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 5. ISBN 1850654492.

[Khairmode_1985_245-6] ᱖.᱐ ^᱖.᱑ Khairmode, Changdev Bhawanrao (1985). Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (Vol. 7) (in ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ). Mumbai: Maharashtra Rajya Sahilya Sanskruti Mandal, Matralaya. p. 245.

[C._Hurst_&_Co._Publishers-7] ᱗.᱐ ^᱗.᱑ Jaffrelot, Christophe (2005). Dr Ambedkar and Untouchability: Analysing and Fighting Caste. London: C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. pp. 76–77. ISBN 978-1850654490.

[8] Khairmode, Changdev Bhawanrao (1985). Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (Vol. 7) (in ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ). Mumbai: Maharashtra Rajya Sahilya Sanskruti Mandal, Matralaya. p. 273.

[᱑]

[᱒]

[᱓]

[᱔]

[᱕]

[᱖]

[᱗]

[᱘]