Ubikira wa kudumu
Ubikira wa kudumu ni sifa ambayo Bikira Maria anapewa na Wakatoliki, Waorthodoksi na Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki, pamoja na Waprotestanti wachache, akiwemo Martin Luther. Ni imani yao[2][3][4][5][6][7] kuwa Mama wa Yesu anastahili kuitwa “Bikira daima” (kwa Kigiriki ἀειπάρθενος, aeiparthenos; kwa Kilatini sempervirgo) kwa sababu alimchukua mimba akiwa bikira, akamzaa bila ya kupotewa na ubikira, akabaki bikira hadi mwisho wa maisha yake.
Imani hiyo inajitokeza katika maandishi ya Mababu wa Kanisa wa karne ya 4, halafu katika matamko ya mitaguso mikuu.
Ufafanuzi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Wakristo na Waislamu[8][9][10][11][12] wote wanakiri kuwa Yesu alitungwa bila ya mchango wa mwanamume.
La ajabu zaidi katika imani hiyo ni kwamba hata uzazi wenyewe haukuondoa ubikira wake, bali uliutakasa: ni "Bikira daima". Ingawa akili inasita na haiwezi kuelewa, ni lazima kukiri na malaika Gabrieli, “Hakuna lisilowezekana kwa Mungu” (Lk 1:38). Yosefu, ingawa kisheria alikuwa mume wake, hakutenda naye tendo la ndoa.
Hamu ya Maria ya kuwa bikira hata kisha kuchumbiwa inajitokeza katika jibu alilompa malaika aliyemtabiria mimba: “Litakuwaje neno hili, maana sijui mume?” (Lk 1:35). Ni kielelezo cha Wakristo ambao Mtume Paulo aliwaandikia: “Nawaonea wivu, wivu wa Mungu; kwa kuwa naliwaposea mume mmoja, ili nimletee Kristo bikira safi” (2Kor 11:2), “mpate kumhudumia Bwana pasipo kuvutwa na mambo mengine” (1Kor 7:35).
Wanaosemwa katika Injili “ndugu zake Yesu” si watoto wa Bikira Maria, bali ndugu wa ukoo waliokuwa jirani sana na familia hiyo takatifu. Kama Bikira Maria angekuwa na watoto wengine, Yesu angekuwa amefanya kosa la kuwanyang’anya Mama yao na kumfanya awe Mama wa mtume Yohane alipomkabidhi msalabani, “‘Mwana, tazama Mama yako’. Na tangu saa ile huyo mwanafunzi alimchukua akae nyumbani kwake” (Yoh 19:27).
Katika Agano Jipya yupo Yakobo anayeitwa na mtume Paulo “ndugu yake Bwana” (Gal 1:19): Yakobo huyo alikuwa maarufu katika Kanisa la Yerusalemu (Mdo 12:7; 15:13-21; 21:18-20; Gal 2:9). Yakobo huyo si mtume Yakobo kaka yake Yohane (Lk 6:12-16), bali ni Yakobo ndugu yake Yose na mama yao kwenye Injili anaitwa “Maria mwingine”, si Maria Mama wa Yesu. “Walikuwepo pia wanawake waliotazama kwa mbali. Miongoni mwao akiwa Maria Magdalena, Salome na Maria mama wa akina Yakobo mdogo na Yose” (Mk 15:40). Maria lilikuwa jina la kawaida kwa Wayahudi: akina Maria wakiwa wengi hivyo, tujue kuwatofautisha kwenye Injili, ambazo zinamtaja Bikira Maria kama “Mama wa Yesu”.
Tanbihi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- ↑ McNally, Terrence J. (2009-05-16). What Every Catholic Should Know about Mary. Xlibris. ISBN 9781450045117.
- ↑ Merriam-Webster's encyclopedia of world religions by Merriam-Webster, Inc. 1999 ISBN 0-87779-044-2 page 1134
- ↑ Catechism of the Catholic Church §499
- ↑ Divine Liturgy of St John Chrysostom Archived 31 Agosti 2019 at the Wayback Machine., Coptic Liturgy of St Basil, Liturgy of St Cyril Archived 5 Februari 2012 at the Wayback Machine., Liturgy of St James Archived 15 Juni 2008 at the Wayback Machine., Understanding the Orthodox Liturgy etc.
- ↑ W.A. Wigram, M.A., D.D., An Introduction to the History of the Assyrian Church (PDF), Assyrian International News Agency (retrieved from www.peshitta.org), uk. 88
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ William McLoughlin; Jill Pinnock (2002), Mary for Earth and Heaven, Gracewing Publishing, uk. 326, ISBN 9780852445563
- ↑ Bishop Mar Bawai Soro, "Mary in the Catholic-Assyrian Dialogue: An Assyrian Perspective", Centro Pro Unione N.54 - Fall 1998 (PDF), uk. 8, ISSN 1122-0384, ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo (PDF) mnamo 2022-03-16, iliwekwa mnamo 2016-12-20
{{citation}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ↑ The Truth about Islam & Jesus by John Ankerberg, Emir Caner 2009 ISBN 0-7369-2502-3 page 65 [1]
- ↑ What Every Catholic Should Know about Mary by Terrence J. McNally 2009 ISBN 1-4415-1051-6 page 161 [2]
- ↑ Women in the Qur'ān, traditions, and interpretation by Barbara Freyer Stowasser. Oxford University Press: 1994, pp. 78-70, 163.
- ↑ "The Virgin Mary in Islamic tradition and commentary" by J. I. Smith et al., published in the Muslim World (Hartford, Conn.) v. 79 (July/October 1989) p. 161-87
- ↑ Sarker, Abraham.Understand My Muslim People. 2004 ISBN 1-59498-002-0 page 260
Viungo vya nje
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Jerome (c. 383), "The Perpetual Virginity of Blessed Mary - Against Helvidius", katika Philip Schaff; Henry Wace; Kevin Knight (whr.), Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, Vol. 6, Translated by W.H. Fremantle, G. Lewis and W.G. Martley, Buffalo, New York: Christian Literature Publishing Co. (retrieved from New Advent)
- Hunter, David G. (Spring 1993). "Helvidius, Jovinian, and the Virginity of Mary in Late Fourth-Century Rome". Journal of Early Christian Studies. 1 (number 1). Johns Hopkins University Press: pp. 47–71. doi:10.1353/earl.0.0147. Iliwekwa mnamo 2016-08-30.
{{cite journal}}:|number=has extra text (help);|pages=has extra text (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
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