Độc tố – Wikipedia tiếng Việt

Độc tố (tiếng Hy Lạp cổ: τοξικόν, chuyển tự toxikon) là chất độc sản xuất bên trong tế bào hoặc sinh vật sống;^[1]^[2] do đó những chất độc tổng hợp do quá trình nhân tạo bị loại trừ. Thuật ngữ này được sử dụng đầu tiên bởi nhà hóa hữu cơ Ludwig Brieger (1849–1919).^[3]

Độc tố có thể là các phần tử smal, peptit hoặc protein

Chú thích

[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]

^ "toxin" tại Từ điển Y học Dorland
^ “toxin - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary”. Truy cập ngày 13 tháng 12 năm 2008.
^ https://books.google.com/books?id=oWhqhK1cE-gC&pg=PA6

Liên kết ngoài

[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]

Toxin (biochemistry) tại Encyclopædia Britannica (tiếng Anh)
Độc tố tại Từ điển bách khoa Việt Nam

Khoa học thực phẩm

Chung

Bản mẫu:Bảo quản thực phẩm

Công nghiệp thực phẩm

x t s An toàn thực phẩm cho người tiêu dùng
Adulterants, food contaminants	3-MCPD Aldicarb Cyanide Formaldehyde Lead poisoning Melamine Mercury in fish Sudan I
Hương liệu	Monosodium glutamate (MSG) Salt Sugar High-fructose corn syrup
Microorganisms	Botulism Campylobacter jejuni Clostridium perfringens Escherichia coli O104:H4 Escherichia coli O157:H7 Hepatitis A Hepatitis E Listeria Norovirus Rotavirus Salmonella
Bệnh ký sinh trùng	Amoebiasis Anisakiasis Cryptosporidiosis Cyclosporiasis Diphyllobothriasis Enterobiasis Fasciolopsiasis Fasciolosis Giardiasis Gnathostomiasis Paragonimiasis Toxoplasmosis Trichinosis Trichuriasis
Pesticides	Chlorpyrifos DDT Lindane Malathion Methamidophos
Preservatives	Benzoic acid Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) Sodium benzoate
Sugar substitutes	Acesulfame potassium Aspartame Saccharin Sodium cyclamate Sorbitol Sucralose
Toxins, poisons, environment pollution	Aflatoxin Arsenic contamination of groundwater Benzene in soft drinks Bisphenol A Dieldrin Diethylstilbestrol Dioxin Mycotoxins Nonylphenol Shellfish poisoning
Food contamination incidents	Devon colic Swill milk scandal 1858 Bradford sweets poisoning 1900 English beer poisoning Morinaga Milk arsenic poisoning incident Minamata disease 1971 Iraq poison grain disaster Toxic oil syndrome 1993 Jack in the Box E. coli outbreak 1996 Odwalla E. coli outbreak 2006 North American E. coli outbreaks ICA meat repackaging controversy 2008 Canada listeriosis outbreak 2008 Chinese milk scandal 2008 Irish pork crisis 2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak 2011 Germany E. coli outbreak 2011 Taiwan food scandal 2011 United States listeriosis outbreak 2013 Bihar school meal poisoning 2013 horse meat scandal 2013 Taiwan food scandal 2014 Taiwan food scandal 2017 Brazil weak meat scandal 2017–18 South African listeriosis outbreak 2018 Australian rockmelon listeriosis outbreak 2018 Australian strawberry contamination Food safety incidents in China Food safety in Australia Foodborne illness outbreaks death toll United States
Regulation, standards, watchdogs	Acceptable daily intake E number Food labeling regulations Food libel laws International Food Safety Network ISO 22000 Quality Assurance International
Food processing	4-Hydroxynonenal Acid-hydrolyzed vegetable protein Acrylamide Bệnh Creutzfeldt-Jakob Phụ gia thực phẩm Food irradiation Heterocyclic amines Modified starch Nitrosamines Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Shortening Chất béo trans
Related topics	Curing (food preservation) Food and drink prohibitions Food marketing Food politics Food preservation Food quality Genetically modified food Intestinal parasites
Institutions	Centre for Food Safety European Food Safety Authority Institute for Food Safety and Health International Food Safety Network Ministry of Food and Drug Safety
Category Commons Cookbook WikiProject

Bản mẫu:Thay thế thực phẩm

Chính trị thực phẩm

Tổ chức

x t s An toàn thực phẩm cho người tiêu dùng
Adulterants, food contaminants	3-MCPD Aldicarb Cyanide Formaldehyde Lead poisoning Melamine Mercury in fish Sudan I
Hương liệu	Monosodium glutamate (MSG) Salt Sugar High-fructose corn syrup
Microorganisms	Botulism Campylobacter jejuni Clostridium perfringens Escherichia coli O104:H4 Escherichia coli O157:H7 Hepatitis A Hepatitis E Listeria Norovirus Rotavirus Salmonella
Bệnh ký sinh trùng	Amoebiasis Anisakiasis Cryptosporidiosis Cyclosporiasis Diphyllobothriasis Enterobiasis Fasciolopsiasis Fasciolosis Giardiasis Gnathostomiasis Paragonimiasis Toxoplasmosis Trichinosis Trichuriasis
Pesticides	Chlorpyrifos DDT Lindane Malathion Methamidophos
Preservatives	Benzoic acid Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) Sodium benzoate
Sugar substitutes	Acesulfame potassium Aspartame Saccharin Sodium cyclamate Sorbitol Sucralose
Toxins, poisons, environment pollution	Aflatoxin Arsenic contamination of groundwater Benzene in soft drinks Bisphenol A Dieldrin Diethylstilbestrol Dioxin Mycotoxins Nonylphenol Shellfish poisoning
Food contamination incidents	Devon colic Swill milk scandal 1858 Bradford sweets poisoning 1900 English beer poisoning Morinaga Milk arsenic poisoning incident Minamata disease 1971 Iraq poison grain disaster Toxic oil syndrome 1993 Jack in the Box E. coli outbreak 1996 Odwalla E. coli outbreak 2006 North American E. coli outbreaks ICA meat repackaging controversy 2008 Canada listeriosis outbreak 2008 Chinese milk scandal 2008 Irish pork crisis 2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak 2011 Germany E. coli outbreak 2011 Taiwan food scandal 2011 United States listeriosis outbreak 2013 Bihar school meal poisoning 2013 horse meat scandal 2013 Taiwan food scandal 2014 Taiwan food scandal 2017 Brazil weak meat scandal 2017–18 South African listeriosis outbreak 2018 Australian rockmelon listeriosis outbreak 2018 Australian strawberry contamination Food safety incidents in China Food safety in Australia Foodborne illness outbreaks death toll United States
Regulation, standards, watchdogs	Acceptable daily intake E number Food labeling regulations Food libel laws International Food Safety Network ISO 22000 Quality Assurance International
Food processing	4-Hydroxynonenal Acid-hydrolyzed vegetable protein Acrylamide Bệnh Creutzfeldt-Jakob Phụ gia thực phẩm Food irradiation Heterocyclic amines Modified starch Nitrosamines Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Shortening Chất béo trans
Related topics	Curing (food preservation) Food and drink prohibitions Food marketing Food politics Food preservation Food quality Genetically modified food Intestinal parasites
Institutions	Centre for Food Safety European Food Safety Authority Institute for Food Safety and Health International Food Safety Network Ministry of Food and Drug Safety
Category Commons Cookbook WikiProject

Độc tố

Độc tố
vi khuẩn

Ngoại độc tố

Gram dương

Trực khuẩn	Clostridium: tetani (Tetanospasmin) · perfringens (Alpha toxin, Enterotoxin) · difficile (A, B) · Vi khuẩn Clostridium botulinum (Botulinum ) khác: Anthrax toxin · Listeriolysin O
Cầu khuẩn	Streptolysin · Leukocidin (Panton-Valentine leukocidin) · Staphylococcus (Staphylococcus aureus alpha/beta/delta, Exfoliatin, Toxic shock syndrome toxin, SEB)
Xạ khuẩn	Cord factor · Diphtheria toxin