Ahmad Shah Massoud

Ahmad Shah Massoud احمد شاه مسعود
Minister of Defense of Afghanistan
Termino Abril 28, 1992 – Septyembre 9, 2001 Temporaryo Abril 28, 1992 to Hunyo 28, 1992 Kontra sa Taliban poon Septyembre 27, 1996
President	Burhanuddin Rabbani
Suminunod ki	Mohammad Aslam Watanjar
Sinundan ni	Mohammed Fahim
Personal na mga detalye
Kamundagan	(1953-09-02)Septyembre 2, 1953 Bazarak, Panjshir, Afghanistan
Kagadanan	Septyembre 9, 2001(2001-09-09) (edad 48) Takhar Province, Afghanistan
Partido politikal	Jamiat-e Islami
Agom	Sediqa Massoud
Mga aki	6, kabali si Ahmad
Awards	National Hero of Afghanistan Order of Ismoili Somoni
Military service
(Mga) gaha	"Lion of Panjshir" (Persiyano: شیر پنجشیر)
Serbisyo/sangay	Jamiat-e Islami / Shura-e Nazar Afghan Armed Forces United Islamic Front
Mga taon kan serbisyo	1975–2001
Ranggo	General
Commands	Mujahideen commander during the Soviet–Afghan War Commander of the United Islamic Front
Battles/wars	1975 Panjshir valley uprising Soviet–Afghan War Afghan Civil WarPlantilya:Assassinated

Ahmad Shah Massoud

Si Ahmad Shah Massoud (احمد شاه مسعود- Aḥmad Šāh Mas'ūd; Septyembre 2, 1953 – Septyembre 9, 2001) sarong Apganong estudyante nin inhenyero sa Kabul na nagin lider militar asin dakulang gayo an papel sa pagpalayas kan Hokbong Sobyet sa nasyon kan Apganistan. Huli kaini, siya nabansagan "Leon nin Panjshir"; an mga parasunod niya inapod siyang Āmir Sāhib-e Shahīd (An Samong Namomotan na Kumandanteng Martiryo). Sinasabing sarong debotong Sunni Muslim, na pirming may bitbit kan libro ni Ghazli (sarong Sufing mistiko), siya maisog na sinikwal an mga interpretasyon kan Islam kan mga Taliban, kan Al Qaeda asin kan mga Saudita na nag'aandorog sa Taliban. An mga tagasunod niya hinihiling siyang gayo bako sana bilang sarong lider militar kundi komo sarong lider espiritual.

Kan mag'atras na an mga tropang Sobyet sa Apganistan, an Wall Street Journal binunyagan siyang "An Apganong ginana an Cold War". Kan maglakma' na an komunistang gobyerno na suportado kan mga Sobyet (1992), an Republikang Demokratiko nin Apganistan na pinamayohan ni Mohammad Najibullah, si Massoud nagin Ministro kan Defensa sa gobyerno ni Burhanuddin Rabbani. Alagad pag'abot kan taon 1996, panahon na nagbungkaras an pwersa kan Taliban asin naagaw kani an poder, si Massoud nagbalik sa papel niyang lider sa oposisyon. Ginibo siyang kumander militar asin lider pulitikal kan United Islamic Front. Sa Solnopan, inapod an grupong oposisyon na ini na Northern Alliance.

Kan Septyembre 9, 2001, duwang aldaw bago kaidtong atake Septyembre 11 sa Estados Unidos, si Massoud naasisinar sa probinsya nin Takhar, Apganistan kan duwang pinagsasahotan na mga Arabong myembro kan al-Qaeda na nagsaginsagin mga peryodista na mainterbyu saiya. Siya sunod na taon pigbunyagan bilang sarong heroe nasyunal sa pagboot ni Apganong Presidente na si Hamid Karzai.An aldaw kan saiyang kagadanan, Sept. 9, pigroromdom ngonyan bilang "Aldaw ni Massoud" kan nasyon. Nominado man siya kan 2002 bilang kandidato para sa Nobel Peace Prize.

Mga dugang na basahon

• Marcela Grad (2009): Massoud: An Intimate Portrait of the Legendary Afghan Leader; Webster University Press, 310pp (recommended)
• Sediqa Massoud with Chékéba Hachemi and Marie-Francoise Colombani (2005): Pour l'amour de Massoud; Document XO Editions, 265pp (in French) (recommended)
• Amin Saikal (2006): Modern Afghanistan: A History of Struggle and Survival; I. B. Tauris, 352pp ("One of the "Five Best" Books on Afghanistan" - Wall Street Journal)
• Roy Gutman (2008): How We Missed the Story: Osama Bin Laden, the Taliban and the Hijacking of Afghanistan; United States Institute of Peace Press, 304pp
• Coll, Steve (2004): Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 9, 2001; Penguin Press, 695pp, ISBN 1-59420-007-6. (won the 2005 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction)
• Stephen Tanner: Afghanistan: A Military History from Alexander the Great to the Fall of the Taliban
• Christophe de Ponfilly (2001): Massoud l'Afghan; Gallimard, 437pp (in French)
• Gary C. Schroen (2005): 'First In' An Insiders Account of How The CIA Spearheaded the War on Terror in Afghanistan; New York: Presido Press/Ballantine Books, ISBN 978-0-89141-872-6.
• Peter Bergen: Holy War, Inc.
• Ahmed Rashid: TALIBAN - The Story of the Afghan Warlords; ISBN 0-330-49221-7.
• A. R. Rowan: On The Trail Of A Lion: Ahmed Shah Massoud, Oil Politics and Terror
• Ken Follett: Lie Down With Lions
• James McGee: Crow's War
• MaryAnn T. Beverly (2007): From That Flame; Kallisti Publishing
• Roger Plunk: The Wandering Peacemaker
• References to Massoud appear in the book "A Thousand Splendid Suns" by Khaled Hosseini.

Mga panluwas na takod

• Massoud, Surat niya sa Amerika 1998
• "Pagromdom ki Massoud, naglalaban para sa Katoninongan," The New York Times, September 10, 2002.
• The Assassination of Ahmad Shah Massoud Paul Wolf, Global Research
• Jawedan.com (Pashtu, Persian & English)
• 60 Years of Asian Heroes: Ahmad Shah Massoud Time, 2006
• Profile: Afghanistan's 'Lion Of Panjshir' Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, September 5, 2006
• Ultimong interbyu ki Ahmad Shah Massoud Archived 2006-09-25 at the Wayback Machine. Piotr Balcerowicz, kaamayan kan Agosto 2001
• "Pagmahaw ninda ni Massoud" ki Roger Plunk Archived 2011-07-15 at the Wayback Machine. The Source, December 1, 2001
• Bharat Rakshak Monitor - Ahmad Shah Mas’ud (1953-2001) Archived 2009-10-23 at the Wayback Machine.
• Mga swestyon para sa Katoninongan, ni Kumandante Massoud, sa Ingles Archived 2012-03-10 at the Wayback Machine. in Dari (Persian) Archived 2011-07-15 at the Wayback Machine.
• Afghan Kumandante Massoud, Ginadan kan Bisperas nin 9/11 na mga Atake, siya heroe nasyunal ki The LA Times

Apganistan - an Narawrawan na Kapangganahan (pelikulang dokumentaryo) kan BBC

(documentary film directly from the year 1989 explaining the beginning of the turmoil to follow)

• Massoud and Afghanistan 1989

Kumandante Massoud, an saiyang pakipagtusay (pelikulang dokumentaryo) ki Nagakura Hiromi

(poon 1992: sarong bulan pakatapos nagbagsak an komunistang rehimen, kan si Hekmatyar mapalayas asin nagdalagan sa habagatan na luwasluwas kan Kabul, bago siya nagparabomba naman kan Kabul, na suportado kan mga Pakistani)

• Hekmatyar linusob an Kabul pero dai nakaasba
• Massoud popular sa banwaan, may pananya' saiya na siya an mabangon asin mapa'uswag kan nasyon
• Massoud nagngata' na mapugol an paggera sa pag'ultan ni Ittehad asin Wahdat
• Massoud naghayag kan saiyang mga paninindogan

Massoud, an urulay ninda ni Hekmatyar (orihinal na dokumento 1992)

• Massoud nagngata na pugolon si Hekmatyar na dai mag'atake sa Kabul

Ahmad Shah Massoud - Apgano nin Palad (pelikulang dokumentaryo) ki Iqbal Malhotra

• View Documentary on FactualTV (free)
• Ahmad Shah Massoud, Apgano nin Palad

Massoud, an Apgano (pelikula dokumentaryo) ki Christophe de Ponfilly

• Massoud l'Afghan part 1
• New York Times Film Review
• rottentomatoes.com Film Review
• Theatrical Release

Siisay naggadan ki Massoud? (pelikulang dokumentaryo) ki Didier Martiny

• Who Killed Massoud? part 1

An Leon kan Panjshir (Sinfonia No. 2) para sa banda sinfonia kan kompsoitor na si David Gaines

• Information, concert program, newspaper reviews, available recordings and scores Archived 2011-01-26 at the Wayback Machine.

Mga Retrato

• Photographs of the Lion of the Panjshir