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Arandu[2] (ارندو), is a town in the Lower Chitral District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, on the banks of the Landai Sin River just above its confluence with the Kunar River. Arandu lies on the border with Kunar Province, Afghanistan.
Arandu
اَرنْدو Arnawai | |
|---|---|
 Arandu | |
| Nickname: The Gateway of Chitral | |
  Arandu Location in Pakistan | |
| Coordinates: 35°18′37″N 71°32′55″E / 35.31028°N 71.54861°E | |
| Country |  Pakistan |
| Province |  Khyber Pakhtunkhwa |
| District | Lower Chitral District |
| Established | 1700 |
| Government | |
| • Type | MPA |
| • Body | Mr. Fateh Ul Mulk Ali Nasir |
| Area | |
• Total | 57 km2 (22 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 1,128 m (3,701 ft) |
| Highest elevation | 3,118 m (10,230 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 1,100 m (3,600 ft) |
| Population (2003) | |
• Total | 27,000 |
| • Density | 470/km2 (1,200/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Spoken | Chitrali |
| Time zone | UTC+5 (PST) |
| PIN | 17250[1] |
| Website | Official Website |
History
editAnglo-Afghan War of 1919
editDuring the Afghan War of Independence in 1919, the area was part of the Chatral front of the war where the Afghans invaded British India and were led to victory over the British Empire and its Raj Subjects by Ghazi Mir Zaman Khan.[3]
Demography
editEthnically most residents are Khowar, and Gawar-Bati[4] is the language spoken by the majority of the people in Arandu. As Arandu has a low elevation and is the last village in Chitral District on the traditional trade route to Kabul, locally this language is also known as Aranduiwar.[5] Pashto, Urdu, and Khowar are also spoken and understood.
Geography
editArandu is located on the banks of the Landai Sin River (Bashgal River) just above its intersection with the Kunar River (Chitral River),[6] along the Drosh-Jalalabad Road. The Drosh-Jalalabad Road, including water traffic along the Kunar, used to be part of a major trade route from India to Kabul. Arundu is built on river benches that rise above the agricultural fields next to the two rivers. Arandu has an average elevation of 327 m (1,073 ft). The Lowari Range is across the Kunar to the north and west, while Mount Raskarla rises to 2,432 metres (7,979 ft) four kilometers to the east.
Climate
editArandu has the lowest elevation of any place in Chitral District[7] and maintains tropical weather during the summer and warmer temperatures than the rest of Chitral in winter. The winters are rainier than the summers. Its climate is classified as warm and temperate, and is listed as Csa by Köppen and Geiger.[citation needed] The average annual temperature is 17.6 °C in Arandu. The average annual rainfall is 800 mm.
| Climate data for Arandu | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.5 (49.1) |
11.7 (53.1) |
16.7 (62.1) |
22.4 (72.3) |
28.7 (83.7) |
35.5 (95.9) |
36.9 (98.4) |
35.8 (96.4) |
32.2 (90.0) |
25.5 (77.9) |
19.1 (66.4) |
12.2 (54.0) |
23.8 (74.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.8 (40.6) |
6.8 (44.2) |
11.2 (52.2) |
16.4 (61.5) |
22.0 (71.6) |
28.1 (82.6) |
30.1 (86.2) |
29.2 (84.6) |
25.2 (77.4) |
18.2 (64.8) |
12.4 (54.3) |
7.0 (44.6) |
17.6 (63.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.1 (32.2) |
1.9 (35.4) |
5.8 (42.4) |
10.4 (50.7) |
15.4 (59.7) |
20.7 (69.3) |
23.3 (73.9) |
22.6 (72.7) |
18.3 (64.9) |
11.0 (51.8) |
5.7 (42.3) |
1.9 (35.4) |
11.4 (52.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 69 (2.7) |
99 (3.9) |
146 (5.7) |
139 (5.5) |
69 (2.7) |
22 (0.9) |
52 (2.0) |
56 (2.2) |
40 (1.6) |
31 (1.2) |
26 (1.0) |
51 (2.0) |
800 (31.4) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org [8] | |||||||||||||
See also
editNotes and references
edit- ^ "Post code CHITRAL Pakistan". Archived from the original on 17 August 2015. Retrieved 6 August 2015.
- ^ Arandu (Approved – N) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
- ^ PSDP (2018) Pashtoonkhwa Biographies - Ghazi Mirzaman
- ^ Gawar-bati means "speech of the Gawar" Decker 1992, pp. 153–154
- ^ Decker, Kendall D. (1992). Languages of Chitral. Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan, volume 5. Islamabad, Pakistan: National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University. pp. 153–154. ISBN 978-969-8023-15-7. citing Israr-ud-Din (1969).
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Kafiristan". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 631].
- ^ Chaudhri, Ikram Ilahi (1957). "A Contribution to the Flora of Chitral State". The Pakistan Journal of Forestry. 7 (2): 103–144, page 104.
- ^ "Climate:Arundu". Climate-Data.org / AmbiWeb GmbH.
