Emerson Fittipaldi (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈɛmeʁsõ fitʃiˈpawdʒi]; born 12 December 1946) is a Brazilian former racing driver and motorsport executive, who competed in Formula One from 1970 to 1980. Fittipaldi won two Formula One World Drivers' Championship titles, which he won in 1972 and 1974 with Lotus and McLaren, respectively; he won 14 Grands Prix across 11 seasons. In American open-wheel racing, Fittipaldi won the IndyCar World Series in 1989 with Patrick, and is a two-time winner of the Indianapolis 500.
Emerson Fittipaldi | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.JPG) Fittipaldi in 2020 | |||||||
| Born | 12 December 1946 São Paulo, Brazil | ||||||
| Spouses | Maria Helena
(m. 1970; div. 1982)Teresa Hotte
(m. 1983; div. 2002)Rossana Fanucchi (m. 2012) | ||||||
| Children | 7, including Emerson Jr. | ||||||
| Relatives |
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| Formula One World Championship career | |||||||
| Nationality |  Brazilian | ||||||
| Active years | 1970–1980 | ||||||
| Teams | Lotus, McLaren, Fittipaldi | ||||||
| Entries | 149 (144 starts) | ||||||
| Championships | 2 (1972, 1974) | ||||||
| Wins | 14 | ||||||
| Podiums | 35 | ||||||
| Career points | 281 | ||||||
| Pole positions | 6 | ||||||
| Fastest laps | 6 | ||||||
| First entry | 1970 British Grand Prix | ||||||
| First win | 1970 United States Grand Prix | ||||||
| Last win | 1975 British Grand Prix | ||||||
| Last entry | 1980 United States Grand Prix | ||||||
| Champ Car career | |||||||
| 195 races run over 13 years | |||||||
| Best finish | 1st (1989) | ||||||
| First race | 1984 Long Beach Grand Prix (Long Beach) | ||||||
| Last race | 1996 Michigan 500 (Michigan) | ||||||
| First win | 1985 Michigan 500 (Michigan) | ||||||
| Last win | 1995 Bosch Spark Plug Grand Prix (Nazareth) | ||||||
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| Signature | |||||||
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Moving up from Formula Two, Fittipaldi made his race debut for Team Lotus as a third driver at the 1970 British Grand Prix. After Jochen Rindt was killed at the 1970 Italian Grand Prix, the Brazilian became Lotus's lead driver in only his fifth Grand Prix. He enjoyed considerable success with Lotus, winning the World Drivers' Championship in 1972 at the age of 25. At the time, he was the youngest ever F1 world champion, and he held the record for 33 years. He later moved to McLaren for 1974, winning the title once again, and helping McLaren win their first Constructors' Championship. He surprised the paddock by moving to his brother's Fittipaldi Automotive team prior to the 1976 season, being replaced by James Hunt. Success eluded him during his final years in Formula One, with the Fittipaldi cars not competitive enough to fight for victories. Fittipaldi took two more podium finishes, before retiring in 1980.
Following his Formula One career, Fittipaldi moved to the American CART series, achieving numerous successes, including the 1989 CART title and two wins at the Indianapolis 500 in 1989 and 1993. Since his retirement from Indy Car racing in 1996, Fittipaldi races only occasionally. In 2008, he became one of only three people in history to have a Corvette production car named in his honor. At age 67, he entered the 2014 6 Hours of São Paulo.
Early life
editEmerson Fittipaldi was born on 12 December 1946 in São Paulo, Brazil.[1] He is the younger son of prominent Italian-Brazilian motorsports journalist and radio commentator Wilson Fittipaldi Sr[2] and his wife Józefa "Juzy" Wojciechowska, an immigrant from Saint Petersburg of Polish and Russian descent.[citation needed]
He was named after American author and philosopher, Ralph Waldo Emerson. Both his parents had raced production cars shortly after the Second World War and Wilson Sr was also responsible for the first Mil Milhas race in 1956, in São Paulo, having been inspired by the 1949 Italian Mille Miglia. Emerson, along with his brother Wilson, became motorsports enthusiasts as young children.[3]
Career history
edit
At age 14, Fittipaldi was racing motorcycles, and at 16, hydroplanes. While racing one day, his brother Wilson blew over at 70 mph (110 km/h) and landed upside down. Wilson was uninjured in the accident, but it prompted both Fittipaldi brothers to stop competing in boat racing and focus solely on racing land vehicles.[4] In 1967, Fittipaldi won the 6 Hours of Interlagos in a Volkswagen Karmann Ghia at the age of 20, and a year later the 12 Hours of Porto Alegre.
The pair moved to racing Formula Vees, and built up a company with their parents. In his second season in single-seaters, Fittipaldi won the Brazilian Formula Vee title at age 21. He left for Europe in 1969, with the ambition to convince team owners of his talent in three months. After some podiums and his first victories in Formula Ford, Fittipaldi was first trained and then subsequently engaged by the Jim Russell Driving School Formula Three team. He won nine F3 races on the Jim Russell Lotus 59 in the MCD Lombard Championship to become the 1969 champion.[5]
Formula Two
editFor 1970, Fittipaldi moved up to F2 by joining the Lotus semi-works Team Bardahl campaigning Lotus 59B. With six finishes in the points and four on the podium, he ended the eight-race season in third place behind Clay Regazzoni and Derek Bell. While this result was very impressive for the newcomer to the series, the spotlight was on Fittipaldi that year because of his activities in Formula One instead.
Formula One
editLotus (1970–1973)
editBased on the success of the Cosworth DFV engine and Lotus 49/49B cars in 1968, Team Lotus was enjoying the reputation as one of the top F1 teams with the inflow of sponsorship money, and Colin Chapman used the third seat on the team for championship races as the testing ground for younger drivers. This was in contrast to the team's tradition to use non-championship F1 events for the purpose.
The third seat was given to Alex Soler-Roig in early 1970, and then to Fittipaldi starting with the British GP in July, with Jochen Rindt and John Miles as the regular seat holders. Fittipaldi scored a fourth place as the No. 3 driver at the next German GP where the No. 1 Jochen Rindt won, and the No. 2 John Miles retired.
Team Lotus plans for the season drastically changed when Jochen Rindt was killed at Monza in September and became the only driver to win the championship posthumously. John Miles also left the team, and Fittipaldi was promoted to be the Lotus No. 1 driver on his fifth F1 race at the United States GP with Reine Wisell and Pete Lovely as the teammates. Fittipaldi proved up to the task and won this first post-Rindt race for Lotus.
In his first full year as Lotus's lead driver in 1971, Fittipaldi finished sixth in the Drivers' Championship as the team further developed the previous season's Lotus 72. Armed with what was arguably the greatest Formula one design of all time, the Lotus 72D, Fittipaldi proved dominant in 1972 as he won five of 11 races and claimed the F1 Drivers' Championship.
At 25, he was then the youngest champion in F1 history. It appeared he might do it again in 1973. After three wins in four attempts with the 72D, he began to struggle in the new 72E that was unveiled mid-year. It resulted in the reverse of the previous year, with Stewart beating Fittipaldi for the Drivers' Championship.
McLaren (1974–1975)
editFittipaldi left Lotus to sign with the promising McLaren team. Driving the highly efficient McLaren M23, he had three victories in 1974, reached the podium four other times, and beat out Clay Regazzoni in a close battle for his second championship. The following season, he notched two more victories and four other podiums, but was second to a dominant Niki Lauda.
Fittipaldi (1976–1980)
editHowever, at the height of his F1 success, Fittipaldi shocked everyone by leaving McLaren to race for older brother Wilson Fittipaldi's Copersucar-sponsored Fittipaldi Automotive team.[citation needed]
He remained with the team for five seasons but only managed a best finish of second. Fittipaldi decided to retire from racing at the end of 1980. He has since said that his last two years in Formula One were very unhappy: "I was too involved in the problems of trying to make the team work, and I neglected my marriage and my personal life",[6] although at the time he cited the deaths of many of his colleagues as his reason.[7] He was only 33, but had been racing in Formula One for a decade. He had failed to finish seven of the last ten races that year and had several times been outpaced by his Finnish teammate Keke Rosberg (a future champion himself). He moved into the management of the team[8] alongside his brother. The team struggled on for another two years with minimal sponsorship, going into receivership at the end of 1982.[9]
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Fittipaldi at the wheel of the Lotus 72D at the 1972 Austrian Grand Prix -
Fittipaldi at Silverstone in 1974 -
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Fittipaldi driving for his brother's eponymous team at the 1976 Brazilian Grand Prix at his home circuit, Interlagos -
Fittipaldi Copersucar, Jacarepaguá, 1978
.JPG)
CART
editAfter leaving F1 in 1980, Fittipaldi took time out from major racing for four years. In 1984, the 37-year-old Fittipaldi made his debut in the American CART series. He spent his first season acclimatising to IndyCars, driving for two teams before joining Patrick Racing as a replacement for Chip Ganassi, who had been seriously injured in the 1984 Michigan 500. The 1985 Michigan 500 marked Fittipaldi's first victory in CART. Fittipaldi stayed five years with Patrick Racing, recording six victories and solid finishes in the overall standings.[10]
In 1989 Fittipaldi had five wins, finished in the top five in every race he completed, and was the CART champion. Among his wins was a dominant performance in the 1989 Indianapolis 500 where he led 158 of 200 laps and won by two laps, but only after a dramatic duel with Al Unser Jr. in the closing laps of the race. Unser ran down Fittipaldi after a late-race restart and passed him for the lead on lap 196. Three laps later, Fittipaldi used lapped traffic to his advantage to pull alongside Unser on the backstretch. Neither driver would give way, and the two cars touched wheels as they went through turn three side by side. Unser's car spun out of control to hit the outside wall, while Fittipaldi was able to maintain sufficient control to keep his car moving straight. In spite of the altercation, Unser applauded Fittipaldi from the infield as Fittipaldi passed by on the final lap.[11]
Roger Penske hired Fittipaldi for his racing team in 1990 and he continued to be among the top drivers in CART, winning at least one race with Penske for six straight years. But for bad luck he might have won three consecutive Indianapolis 500s, suffering blistered tires in 1990 and a gearbox failure in 1991, both while leading. In 1993 he added a second Indianapolis 500 victory by taking the lead from reigning Formula One World Champion Nigel Mansell on lap 185 and holding it for the remainder.[12]
The race saw him break Indianapolis victory lane tradition when he drank a celebratory bottle of orange juice before the traditional bottle of milk. He was only the second driver to not drink milk at Indianapolis since the tradition was founded in 1936 (and firmly established in 1956). Fittipaldi owned several orange groves in his native Brazil, and wanted to promote the citrus industry. Fan reaction was negative to the break in tradition despite the fact that Fittipaldi did drink milk shortly after.[13] As a result of drinking the juice, Fittipaldi forfeited $5,000 from the winner's purse and publicly apologized to the American Dairy Association.[14]
Fan reaction to the milk snub was highly negative, and he was booed a week later at Milwaukee, a center of the American dairy industry. In the years that followed, many fans continued to hold the action against him. In interviews since, Fittipaldi explained his action, and apologised for the wave of negativity that followed. Fittipaldi returned to Indianapolis to drive the Chevrolet Corvette Pace Car for the 2008 Indianapolis 500. Despite the passage of 15 years, he was again booed and heckled by some fans during the parade laps.[15]
In May 1994, Fittipaldi skipped a practice session for the Indianapolis 500 after his close friend Ayrton Senna, also a native of Brazil and a former Formula One champion, died in a crash. Fittipaldi was one of the pallbearers during Senna's funeral, alongside Jackie Stewart, Alain Prost and several other F1 world champions. Fittipaldi nearly won his third 500 but clipped the turn 4 wall with 15 laps to go while he was holding a nearly full lap lead over teammate Unser Jr.[16]
Approaching 50, Fittipaldi was still driving in CART in 1996 when an injury at Michigan International Speedway ended his career. Fittipaldi did not return to the series as a driver after the injury. Fittipaldi finished his CART career with 22 wins. In 2003 he made a return to CART as a team owner.[17]
Later career
edit
Fittipaldi was the acting team principal for the Brazilian A1 GP entry.[18] In 2005 Fittipaldi made a surprise return to competitive racing in the Grand Prix Masters event held at Kyalami in South Africa, finishing second behind fellow F1 driver Nigel Mansell.[19]
In 2008, Emerson and his brother Wilson entered the Brazilian GT3 Championship, driving a Porsche 997 GT3 for the WB Motorsports team.[20] In 2011, he started embracing social media and became a Chairman of Motorsport.com.[21] In 2013 he began writing a regular monthly blog column on the official website of McLaren.
Awards
edit- He was inducted in the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 2001.[22]
- Fittipaldi was inducted into the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Hall of Fame in 2004.
Personal life
editFamily
edit.jpg)
Fittipaldi is the younger brother of former Formula One driver and team owner Wilson Fittipaldi. He is the uncle of TUDOR United Sports Car Championship driver Christian Fittipaldi. He was married to Maria Helena from 1970-82. They had three children. He was married a second time, to Teresa, in the mid-1980s. They have two children.[23]
In early December 2012 he married economist Rossana Fanucchi in São Paulo after a partnership of eleven years. They have a son, Emerson Jr., born in 2007, and daughter Vittoria, born in early 2012.[24] Emerson Jr. competed in the 2021 F4 Danish Championship, finishing third overall.[25]
His daughter Tatiana, married racing driver Max Papis. They have two children, Marco Papis and Matteo Papis; Emerson's grandsons.[26][27]
His daughter Juliana, had two sons and a daughter with Carlos da Cruz, Pietro, Enzo and Valentina Fittipaldi.[28][29] Pietro and Enzo are also racing drivers, with Enzo being announced as a member of the Red Bull Junior Team in November 2022.[30] Pietro made his Formula 1 debut at the 2020 Sakhir Grand Prix driving for the Haas F1 Team.[31] For 2024, he signed to run a full IndyCar schedule with Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing.
Life
editIn September 1997, while recovering from injuries in a crash at Michigan International Speedway a year earlier, he was flying his private plane across his orange tree farm in the state of São Paulo. The plane lost power and plunged 90 metres (300 ft) to the ground, leaving him with serious back injuries. Though Fittipaldi had converted to Christianity the year prior, his beliefs were reinforced after the crash. Fittipaldi is a Protestant in the Presbyterian tradition.[32]
He was a friend of Beatles guitarist George Harrison and was with him shortly before Harrison died in November 2001.[33]
In 2016, Fittipaldi established Fittipaldi Motors, and along with Pininfarina and HWA AG, created his first sports car project, the Fittipaldi EF7, though the car never entered production.[34]
In August 2022, Fittipaldi announced his candidacy for the Italian Senate, representing the South American overseas constituency, running as a member of the Brothers of Italy political party,[35] being eventually defeated by Italo-Argentine Mario Borghese a month later in the 2022 Italian parliamentary elections.[36]
Racing record
editCareer summary
editComplete Formula One World Championship results
edit(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position, races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Non-championship Formula One results
edit
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
| Year | Entrant | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1971 | Gold Leaf Team Lotus | Lotus 72 | Ford V8 | ARG Ret |
QUE Ret |
SPR 7 |
RIN | OUL | VIC 2 | |||
| Lotus 56B | P&W gas turbine | ROC Ret |
INT Ret |
|||||||||
| 1972 | John Player Team Lotus | Lotus 72D | Ford V8 | ROC 1 |
BRA Ret |
INT 1 |
OUL 2 |
REP 1 |
VIC Ret |
|||
| 1973 | John Player Team Lotus | Lotus 72 | Ford V8 | ROC Ret |
INT Ret |
|||||||
| 1974 | Marlboro Team Texaco | McLaren M23 | Ford V8 | PRE 1 |
ROC 3 |
INT |
||||||
| 1975 | Marlboro Team McLaren | McLaren M23 | Ford V8 | ROC 5 |
INT 2 |
SUI Ret |
||||||
| 1978 | Fittipaldi Automotive | Fittipaldi F5A | Ford V8 | INT 2 |
||||||||
| 1980 | Skol Fittipaldi Team | Fittipaldi F7 | Ford V8 | ESP 5 |
||||||||
Source:[40]
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USAC
edit(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position)
| Year | Team | 1 | 2 | Rank | Points | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1983-84 | GTS Racing | DQSF | INDY 32 |
37th | 5 | [41] |
CART
edit(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position)
Indianapolis 500 results
edit
| Year | Chassis | Engine | Start | Finish | Team |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1984 | March | Cosworth | 23rd | 32nd | WIT |
| 1985 | March | Cosworth | 5th | 13th | Patrick |
| 1986 | March | Cosworth | 11th | 7th | Patrick |
| 1987 | March | Chevrolet | 33rd | 16th | Patrick |
| 1988 | March | Chevrolet | 8th | 2nd | Patrick |
| 1989 | Penske | Chevrolet | 3rd | 1st | Patrick |
| 1990 | Penske | Chevrolet | 1st | 3rd | Penske |
| 1991 | Penske | Chevrolet | 15th | 11th | Penske |
| 1992 | Penske | Chevrolet | 11th | 24th | Penske |
| 1993 | Penske | Chevrolet | 9th | 1st | Penske |
| 1994 | Penske | Ilmor-Mercedes | 3rd | 17th | Penske |
| 1995 | Lola | Ilmor-Mercedes | Failed to Qualify | Penske | |
Complete 24 Hours of Daytona results
edit| Year | Team | Co-Drivers | Car | Class | Laps | Pos. | Class Pos. |
Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1985 |  Ralph Sanchez Racing
|
Tony Garcia Mauricio DeNarvaez
|
March 85G-Buick | GTP | - | DNS | DNS | [55] |
Complete Grand Prix Masters results
edit(key) Races in bold indicate pole position, races in italics indicate fastest lap.
| Year | Team | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | Team LG | Delta Motorsport GPM | Nicholson McLaren 3.5 V8 | RSA 2 |
||||
| 2006 | Team LG | Delta Motorsport GPM | Nicholson McLaren 3.5 V8 | QAT 12 |
ITA C |
GBR 8 |
MAL C |
RSA C |
Source:[37]
| ||||||||
Complete FIA World Endurance Championship results
edit| Year | Entrant | Class | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Rank | Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | AF Corse | LMGTE Am | Ferrari 458 Italia GT2 | Ferrari 4.5 L V8 | SIL | SPA | LMS | COA | FUJ | SHA | BHR | SÃO 6 |
23rd | 8 |
Source:[38]
| ||||||||||||||
See also
edit
- Ayrton Senna and Nelson Piquet Formula One world champions from Brazil
- Mario Andretti, Nigel Mansell, and Jacques Villeneuve – Formula One and CART champions
- Jim Clark, Graham Hill, Mario Andretti, and Jacques Villeneuve – Formula One world champions and Indianapolis 500 winners
- Jody Scheckter, Michael Schumacher, and Jackie Stewart – Formula One world champions whose brothers also drove in the series
References
edit- ^ "Na Garagem: Fittipaldi estreia na Fórmula 1 e fecha GP da Inglaterra em 8º - Fórmula 1". Grande Prêmio. 18 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
- ^ Comune di Trecchina. "Trecchina, un po' di storia". Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
- ^ "Emerson Fittipaldi". ESPN. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
- ^ "From motorbikes to McLaren". McLaren Racing. 14 March 2013. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
- ^ "Emerson Fittipaldi". Motor Sport Magazine. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
- ^ Ludvigsen, Karl (2002) 'Emerson Fittipaldi' p. 136 Haynes Group. ISBN 1-85960-837-X
- ^ "Fittipaldi to Retire", The Times, 12 December 1980, pg. 20
- ^ "Emerson Fittipaldi". 8w.forix.com. Retrieved 28 February 2006.
- ^ "Emerson Fittipaldi". Edmonton Journal. 9 October 2012. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
- ^ "Emerson Fittipaldi". Retrieved 7 February 2018.
- ^ "Fittipaldi Wins Indy 500 After Collision With Unser". The New York Times. 29 May 1989. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
- ^ "That's entertainment?". Motor Sport. 1 July 1993. Archived from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
- ^ "Four days to the 100th Indianapolis 500: Emerson Fittipaldi and the Orange Juice". USA Today. 25 May 2016. Archived from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
- ^ "Auto Racing Notebook". UPI Archives. 3 June 1993. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
- ^ "Lewis Hamilton is a great example for the other F1 drivers, says Emerson Fittipaldi". The Guardian. 30 October 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
- ^ "1994 Indianapolis 500: an all-in gamble pays off". 31 January 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
- ^ "Emerson Fittipaldi returns to CART as owner with Fittipaldi-Dingman Racing team". Autoweek. 10 February 2003. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
- ^ Mohapatra, Bikash (7 October 2007). "He is still A1", [Daily News and Analysis]. Retrieved on 7 September 2021.
- ^ "Mansell wins SA Grand Prix Masters". Mail & Guardian. 14 November 2005. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
- ^ "Emerson Fittipaldi vai correr na GT3 Brasil". globo.com. Retrieved 30 July 2008.
- ^ "Emerson Fittipaldi to Become Chairman of Motorsport.com, a Comprehensive Online Destination for the Motorsports World". The New York Times. 16 August 2011. Archived from the original on 19 August 2016. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
- ^ Emerson Pittipaldi at the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America
- ^ "In Step with Emerson Fittipaldi". The Greenville News. 29 May 1994. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
- ^ "Emerson Fittipaldi oficializa união com Rossana Fanucchi em São Paulo". GloboEsporte. 8 December 2012. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
- ^ Gripping, Kim (4 October 2021). "Mads Hoe blev mester - men Strømsted løb med opmærksomheden" [Mads Hoe became champion - but Strømsted ran with the attention]. Formel 4 (in Danish). F4 Danish Championship. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
- ^ "Smith: Papis living the American Dream". ESPN.com. 14 August 2009. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
- ^ Rainier Ehrhardt (17 August 2013). "Nationwide Children's Hospital 200". Getty Images.
- ^ "Fittipaldi dynasty continues with Pietro on path to F1". GP Today. 2014.
- ^ Deb Williams (27 June 2014). "Davidson's Enzo Fittipaldi continues racing family's tradition". The Charlotte Observer.
- ^ "Ferrari recruits Enzo Fittipaldi to young driver programme". Archived from the original on 24 December 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
- ^ "Haas confirms Fittipaldi to drive at Sakhir Grand Prix". 30 November 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
- ^ "60 Seconds: Emerson Fittipaldi". metro.com.uk. 1 May 2008. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
- ^ "George Harrison in Brazil and Singing Tribute to Emerson Fittipaldi". Sounds and Colours. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
- ^ "Fittipaldi EF7 Vision Gran Turismo: F1 champ turns from racing to making". https://www.carmagazine.co.uk. 14 April 2017. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
- ^ Cooper, Sam (18 August 2022). "Emerson Fittipaldi takes his first steps into the Italian political system". Yahoo! Sport. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
- ^ "Emerson Fittipaldi perde disputa pelo Senado italiano". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 26 September 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
- ^ a b "Emerson Fittipaldi". Motor Sport. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
- ^ a b "Emerson Fittipaldi Results". Motorsport Stats. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
- ^ Small, Steve (2000). "Emerson Fittipaldi". Grand Prix Who's Who (Third ed.). Reading, Berkshire: Travel Publishing. pp. 203–206. ISBN 978-1-902007-46-5. Retrieved 7 August 2023 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ "Emerson Fittipaldi – Involvement Non World Championship". StatsF1. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
- ^ "Emerson Fittipaldi – 1983 USAC Gold Crown Series Results". Racing-Reference. NASCAR Digital Media, LLC. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
- ^ "Emerson Fittipaldi – 1984 CART Results". Racing-Reference. NASCAR Digital Media, LLC. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
- ^ "Emerson Fittipaldi – 1985 CART Results". Racing-Reference. NASCAR Digital Media, LLC. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
- ^ "Emerson Fittipaldi – 1986 CART Results". Racing-Reference. NASCAR Digital Media, LLC. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
- ^ "Emerson Fittipaldi – 1987 CART Results". Racing-Reference. NASCAR Digital Media, LLC. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
- ^ "Emerson Fittipaldi – 1988 CART Results". Racing-Reference. NASCAR Digital Media, LLC. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
- ^ "Emerson Fittipaldi – 1989 CART Results". Racing-Reference. NASCAR Digital Media, LLC. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
- ^ "Emerson Fittipaldi – 1990 CART Results". Racing-Reference. NASCAR Digital Media, LLC. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
- ^ "Emerson Fittipaldi – 1991 CART Results". Racing-Reference. NASCAR Digital Media, LLC. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
- ^ "Emerson Fittipaldi – 1992 CART Results". Racing-Reference. NASCAR Digital Media, LLC. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
- ^ "Emerson Fittipaldi – 1993 CART Results". Racing-Reference. NASCAR Digital Media, LLC. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
- ^ "Emerson Fittipaldi – 1994 CART Results". Racing-Reference. NASCAR Digital Media, LLC. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
- ^ "Emerson Fittipaldi – 1995 CART Results". Racing-Reference. NASCAR Digital Media, LLC. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
- ^ "Emerson Fittipaldi – 1996 CART Results". Racing-Reference. NASCAR Digital Media, LLC. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
- ^ "Daytona 24 Hours 1985". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
- Books
- Ludvigsen, Karl (2002). Emerson Fittipaldi Heart of a Racer. Osceola: Motorbooks International. ISBN 1-85960-837-X.
External links
edit- Official website
- Emerson Fittipaldi at IMDb
- Emerson Fittipaldi career summary at DriverDB.com
- Emerson Fittipaldi driver statistics at Racing-Reference
- The Greatest 33
- Emerson embracing social media Archived 19 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine