Flores is the capital of the Petén Department, Guatemala's landlocked, northernmost department. The population is 13,700 (2003).
Flores | |
|---|---|
 Aerial view of Flores, with the island of Flores on the foreground | |
  Flores Location in Guatemala | |
| Coordinates: 16°55′47″N 89°53′30″W / 16.92972°N 89.89167°W | |
| Country |  Guatemala |
| Department |  El Petén |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Armando Aragón |
| Population (2023) | |
• City | 45,560 |
| • Urban | 20,464 |
| Climate | Am |
Flores is the seat of the municipality of Flores (population 22,600).
Its Catedral Nuestra Señora de Los Remedios y San Pablo Itzá is the cathedral episcopal seat of the Apostolic Vicariate of El Petén (formerly a territorial prelature).
The old part of the city is located on an island on Lake Petén Itzá, connected to the mainland by a short causeway. On the mainland is the suburb Santa Elena and, to the West, the contiguous municipality of San Benito. The municipality of Flores also includes a wide swathe of rural territory stretching north from Lake Petén Itzá to the Mexican border.
History
editIn Pre-Columbian times, Flores was the Maya city of Nojpetén.
Nojpetén
edit
Earliest archaeological traces on the island date back to 900–600 BC, with a major expansion of the settlement occurring around 250–400 AD, making it one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the Americas.
The Itza left the Yucatán region in the 13th century and founded the city later known as Tayasal as their capital. They called it Nojpetén, (noj peten, literally "Great Island" in the Itza language).[1] The Spanish called it Tayasal, possibly derived from ta Itza, or "Place of the Itza".[2]
It was here, on the island of Flores on the shore of Lake Petén Itzá, that the last independent Maya state held out against the Spanish conquerors. In 1541, Hernán Cortés came to the island, en route to Honduras, but needed to move on and did not try to conquer it.
The Spanish did not manage to conquer the island until 1697, when they marched in, attacked via boats, and destroyed it. Those who could flee did so, and many Itzá people hid in the jungle for years. From the ruins of Nojpetén arose the modern city of Flores. The modern city can thus be regarded as the second oldest continuously inhabited settlement in the Americas, after Cholula.
Climate
editFlores has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen Am) with year-round high temperatures. It has a lengthy wet season stretching from May to January, and a relatively brief dry season from February to April. As is typical with most monsoon climates, there is also some rainfall in the dry season, albeit significantly lighter. Daytime highs generally hover in the 30 to 33 °C (86 to 91 °F) range for most of the year, falling slightly to between 27 and 30 °C (81 and 86 °F) during the winter months. The hottest temperatures are observed just prior to the onset of the wet season, often rising above 35 °C (95 °F).
| Climate data for Flores (Mundo Maya International Airport) (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 37.0 (98.6) |
38.6 (101.5) |
42.4 (108.3) |
43.0 (109.4) |
43.8 (110.8) |
42.4 (108.3) |
38.2 (100.8) |
38.4 (101.1) |
38.0 (100.4) |
38.8 (101.8) |
35.6 (96.1) |
36.6 (97.9) |
43.8 (110.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.0 (84.2) |
31.1 (88.0) |
33.5 (92.3) |
35.9 (96.6) |
36.0 (96.8) |
34.4 (93.9) |
33.8 (92.8) |
33.8 (92.8) |
33.4 (92.1) |
31.9 (89.4) |
30.0 (86.0) |
29.2 (84.6) |
32.7 (90.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.6 (76.3) |
25.4 (77.7) |
26.5 (79.7) |
27.9 (82.2) |
28.2 (82.8) |
27.5 (81.5) |
27.1 (80.8) |
27.1 (80.8) |
26.9 (80.4) |
26.4 (79.5) |
25.3 (77.5) |
24.7 (76.5) |
26.5 (79.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 18.0 (64.4) |
18.1 (64.6) |
18.7 (65.7) |
20.6 (69.1) |
22.0 (71.6) |
22.6 (72.7) |
21.8 (71.2) |
21.8 (71.2) |
22.1 (71.8) |
21.6 (70.9) |
19.8 (67.6) |
18.7 (65.7) |
20.5 (68.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 9.4 (48.9) |
9.0 (48.2) |
9.8 (49.6) |
13.8 (56.8) |
14.7 (58.5) |
19.4 (66.9) |
17.9 (64.2) |
18.4 (65.1) |
18.6 (65.5) |
15.6 (60.1) |
10.4 (50.7) |
10.0 (50.0) |
9.0 (48.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 65.6 (2.58) |
34.5 (1.36) |
36.1 (1.42) |
51.9 (2.04) |
105.0 (4.13) |
212.8 (8.38) |
159.1 (6.26) |
184.4 (7.26) |
225.0 (8.86) |
215.6 (8.49) |
132.6 (5.22) |
85.9 (3.38) |
1,508.5 (59.39) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 8.1 | 4.5 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 7.5 | 15.2 | 14.9 | 16.2 | 17.4 | 15.2 | 11.0 | 9.4 | 126.7 |
| Source: NOAA[3] | |||||||||||||
Transportation
editFlores is served by Mundo Maya International Airport. Several international flights land here but most stop first at Guatemala City's La Aurora International Airport. The Island is also very well connected by bus, with many companies running overnight buses to Guatemala City.
Gallery
editFlores in the 19th century
editThe first photographs ever made from Flores were those taken by engineer Claudio Urrutia in 1897, when he was in charge of the Guatemala-Mexico Border Commission.[4]
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-
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Flores, as seen from San Benito -
Engineering crew of the Guatemalan Border Commission. Claudio Urrutia, Commission Director is in the middle.
.jpg)
Flores in the 21st century
edit-
Aerial view of Flores Island from above Santa Elena. -
Sunset in Flores. -
Restaurant on Lake Petén Itza -
Causeway connecting the island . -
Shore of Lake Petén Itza. -
Classic period panel in the main plaza of Flores found in the nearby site of Ixlu. -
The island in 1917. -
Aerial view of the City.
_-_Guatemala-1958.jpg)
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ Reina 1966, p. 20.
- ^ Rice 2009, p. 43.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Flores". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
- ^ La Ilustración Guatemalteca 1897, p. 246.
Bibliography
edit- "Nuestros grabados: Límites con México". La Ilustración Guatemalteca (in Spanish). I (18). Guatemala: Síguere, Guirola & Cía. 1 April 1897.
- Reina, Ruben E. (Fall 1966). "A Peninsula That May Have Been an Island: Tayasal, Peten, Guatemala" (PDF). Expedition. 9 (1). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. ISSN 0014-4738. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-05-17. Retrieved 2018-06-25.
- Rice, Prudence M. (2009). "The Kowoj in Geopolitical-Ritual Perspective". In Prudence M. Rice; Don S. Rice (eds.). The Kowoj: identity, migration, and geopolitics in late postclassic Petén, Guatemala. Boulder, Colorado, US: University Press of Colorado. pp. 21–54. ISBN 978-0-87081-930-8. OCLC 225875268.
External links
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