Wikipedia

List of United States senators from Alabama

Alabama was admitted to the Union on December 14, 1819. The state elects U.S. senators to class 2 and class 3. Its United States Senate seats were declared vacant from March 1861 to July 1868 due to its secession from the Union during the American Civil War. Richard Shelby is Alabama's longest serving senator (served 1987–2023). Alabama's current U.S. senators are Republicans Tommy Tuberville (since 2021) and Katie Britt (since 2023).

Current delegation
Jones
Tommy Tuberville (R)
Britt
Katie Britt (R)

List of senators

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Class 2
Class 2 U.S. senators belong to the electoral cycle that has recently been contested in 2008, 2014, 2017 (special), and 2020.
The next election will be in 2026. 		C Class 3
Class 3 U.S. senators belong to the electoral cycle that has recently been contested in 2004, 2010, 2016, and 2022.
The next election will be in 2028.
# Senator Party Dates in office Electoral history T T Electoral history Dates in office Party Senator #
1  
William R. King 		Democratic-
Republican 		Dec 14, 1819 –
Apr 15, 1844 		Elected in 1819. 1 16th 1 Elected in 1819.
Resigned. 		Dec 14, 1819 –
Dec 12, 1822 		Democratic-
Republican 		 
John Williams Walker 		1
17th
Elected to finish Walker's term.
Retired. 		Dec 12, 1822 –
Mar 3, 1825 		Democratic-
Republican 		William Kelly 2
Re-elected in 1822. 2 18th
Jacksonian 19th 2 Elected in 1824 or 1825.
Died. 		Mar 4, 1825 –
Jan 24, 1826 		Jacksonian  
Henry H. Chambers 		3
  Jan 24, 1826 –
Feb 17, 1826 		Vacant
Appointed to continue Chambers's term.
Successor elected. 		Feb 17, 1826 –
Nov 27, 1826 		Jacksonian  
Israel Pickens 		4
Elected to finish Chambers's term.
Lost re-election. 		Nov 27, 1826 –
Mar 3, 1831 		Jacksonian  
John McKinley 		5
20th
Re-elected in 1828. 3 21st
22nd 3 Elected in 1831.
Lost re-election. 		Mar 4, 1831 –
Mar 3, 1837 		Jacksonian  
Gabriel Moore 		6
23rd National
Republican
Re-elected in 1834. 4 24th
Democratic 25th 4 Elected in 1837.
Resigned to become a Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. 		Mar 4, 1837 –
Apr 22, 1837 		Democratic  
John McKinley 		7
  Apr 22, 1837 –
Jun 19, 1837 		Vacant
Elected to finish McKinley's term.
Resigned. 		Jun 19, 1837 –
Nov 15, 1841 		Democratic  
Clement Comer Clay 		8
26th
Re-elected in 1840.
Resigned to become U.S. Minister to France. 		5 27th
  Nov 15, 1841 –
Nov 24, 1841 		Vacant
Elected to finish McKinley's term. Nov 24, 1841 –
Jun 16, 1848 		Democratic  
Arthur P. Bagby 		9
28th 5 Re-elected in 1842.
Resigned to become U.S. Minister to Russia.
Vacant Apr 15, 1844 –
Apr 22, 1844 		 
2  
Dixon H. Lewis 		Democratic Apr 22, 1844 –
Oct 24, 1848 		Appointed to finish King's term.
29th
Elected in 1847.
Died. 		6 30th
  Jun 16, 1848 –
Jul 1, 1848 		Vacant
Appointed to continue Bagby's term.
Elected to finish Bagby's term. 		Jul 1, 1848 –
Dec 20, 1852 		Democratic  
William R. King 		10
Vacant Oct 24, 1848 –
Nov 25, 1848 		 
3  
Benjamin Fitzpatrick 		Democratic Nov 25, 1848 –
Nov 30, 1849 		Appointed to continue Lewis's term.
Successor elected.
31st 6 Re-elected in 1848 or 1849.
Resigned due to poor health.
4  
Jeremiah Clemens 		Democratic Nov 30, 1849 –
Mar 3, 1853 		Elected to finish Lewis's term.
Lost re-election.
32nd
  Dec 20, 1852 –
Jan 14, 1853 		Vacant
Appointed to continue King's term.
Elected in 1853 to finish King's term.[1] 		Jan 14, 1853 –
Mar 3, 1855 		Democratic  
Benjamin Fitzpatrick 		11
Vacant Mar 4, 1853 –
Nov 29, 1853 		Legislature failed to elect. 7 33rd
5  
Clement Claiborne Clay 		Democratic Nov 29, 1853 –
Jan 21, 1861 		Elected late in 1853.
34th 7 Legislature failed to elect. Mar 4, 1855 –
Nov 26, 1855 		Vacant
Elected late.
Withdrew.[a] 		Nov 26, 1855 –
Jan 21, 1861 		Democratic  
Benjamin Fitzpatrick
35th
Re-elected in 1858.
Withdrew.[a] 		8 36th
Vacant Jan 21, 1861 –
Jul 13, 1868 		Civil War and Reconstruction Civil War and Reconstruction Jan 21, 1861 –
Jul 13, 1868 		Vacant
37th 8
38th
9 39th
40th 9
6  
Willard Warner 		Republican Jul 13, 1868 –
Mar 3, 1871 		Elected in 1868 to finish vacant term.
Lost re-election. 		Elected in 1868 to finish vacant term. Jul 13, 1868 –
Mar 3, 1879 		Republican  
George E. Spencer 		12
41st
7  
George Goldthwaite 		Democratic Mar 4, 1871 –
Mar 3, 1877 		Elected in 1870.
Retired. 		10 42nd
43rd 10 Re-elected in 1872.
Retired.
44th
8  
John T. Morgan 		Democratic Mar 4, 1877 –
Jun 11, 1907 		Elected in 1876. 11 45th
46th 11 Elected in 1878.
Died. 		Mar 4, 1879 –
Dec 31, 1879 		Democratic  
George S. Houston 		13
  Dec 31, 1879 –
Jan 7, 1880 		Vacant
Appointed to continue Houston's term.
Successor qualified. 		Jan 7, 1880 –
Nov 23, 1880 		Democratic  
Luke Pryor 		14
Elected to finish Houston's term. Nov 24, 1880 –
Mar 3, 1897 		Democratic  
James L. Pugh 		15
47th
Re-elected in 1882. 12 48th
49th 12 Re-elected in 1884.
50th
Re-elected in 1888. 13 51st
52nd 13 Re-elected in 1890.
Lost renomination.[2]
53rd
Re-elected in 1894. 14 54th
55th 14 Elected in 1897.[3] Mar 4, 1897 –
Jul 27, 1907 		Democratic  
Edmund Pettus 		16
56th
Re-elected in 1900. 15 57th
58th 15 Re-elected in 1903.
Re-elected early in 1907,[4][5] but died.
59th
Re-elected in 1907.[4][5]
Died. 		16 60th
Vacant Jun 11, 1907 –
Jun 18, 1907 		 
9  
John H. Bankhead 		Democratic Jun 18, 1907 –
Mar 1, 1920 		Appointed to continue Morgan's term.
Elected in 1907 to finish Morgan's term.
  Jul 27, 1907 –
Aug 6, 1907 		Vacant
Elected to finish Pettus's term. Aug 6, 1907 –
Aug 8, 1913 		Democratic  
Joseph F. Johnston 		17
61st 16 Re-elected in 1907 to next term.
Died.
62nd
Re-elected early January 17, 1911. 17 63rd
Henry De Lamar Clayton Jr. (D) was appointed in 1913 to continue the term, but his appointment was challenged and withdrawn.
Franklin Potts Glass Sr. (D) was subsequently appointed to continue the term, but the Senate refused to seat him.[6] 		Aug 8, 1913 –
May 11, 1914 		Vacant
Elected to finish Johnston's term.
Retired. 		May 11, 1914 –
Mar 3, 1915 		Democratic  
Francis S. White 		18
64th 17 Elected in 1914. Mar 4, 1915 –
Mar 3, 1927 		Democratic  
Oscar Underwood 		19
65th
Re-elected in 1918.
Died. 		18 66th
Vacant Mar 1, 1920 –
Mar 5, 1920 		 
10  
B. B. Comer 		Democratic Mar 5, 1920 –
Nov 2, 1920 		Appointed to continue Bankhead's term.
Successor elected.
11  
J. Thomas Heflin 		Democratic Nov 3, 1920 –
Mar 3, 1931 		Elected to finish Bankhead's term.
67th 18 Re-elected in 1920.
Retired.
68th
Re-elected in 1924.
Lost renomination then lost re-election as an independent. 		19 69th
70th 19 Elected in 1926. Mar 4, 1927 –
Aug 19, 1937 		Democratic  
Hugo Black 		20
71st
12  
John H. Bankhead II 		Democratic Mar 4, 1931 –
Jun 12, 1946 		Elected in 1930. 20 72nd
73rd 20 Re-elected in 1932.
Resigned to become a Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.
74th
Re-elected in 1936. 21 75th
Appointed by her husband to continue Black's term.
Resigned when her successor won the Democratic primary. 		Aug 20, 1937 –
Jan 10, 1938 		Democratic  
Dixie Bibb Graves 		21
Appointed to continue Black's term.
Elected in 1938 to finish Black's term. 		Jan 11, 1938 –
Jan 3, 1969 		Democratic  
J. Lister Hill 		22
76th 21 Re-elected in 1938.
77th
Re-elected in 1942.
Died. 		22 78th
79th
Vacant Jun 12, 1946 –
Jun 15, 1946 		 
13  
George R. Swift 		Democratic Jun 15, 1946 –
Nov 5, 1946 		Appointed to continue Bankhead's term.
Successor elected.
14  
John Sparkman 		Democratic Nov 6, 1946 –
Jan 3, 1979 		Elected to finish Bankhead's term.
22 Re-elected in 1944.
80th
Re-elected in 1948. 23 81st
82nd 23 Re-elected in 1950.
83rd
Re-elected in 1954. 24 84th
85th 24 Re-elected in 1956.
86th
Re-elected in 1960. 25 87th
88th 25 Re-elected in 1962.
Retired.
89th
Re-elected in 1966. 26 90th
91st 26 Elected in 1968. Jan 3, 1969 –
Jun 1, 1978 		Democratic  
James Allen 		23
92nd
Re-elected in 1972.
Retired. 		27 93rd
94th 27 Re-elected in 1974.
Died.
95th
Appointed to continue her husband's term.
Lost nomination to finish her husband's term. 		Jun 8, 1978 –
Nov 7, 1978 		Democratic  
Maryon Pittman Allen 		24
Elected to finish James Allen's term.
Lost renomination; resigned one day early to give his successor advantageous seniority. 		Nov 7, 1978 –
Jan 2, 1981 		Democratic  
Donald Stewart 		25
15  
Howell Heflin 		Democratic Jan 3, 1979 –
Jan 3, 1997 		Elected in 1978. 28 96th
Appointed to finish James Allen's term, having already been elected to the next term. Jan 2, 1981 –
Jan 3, 1987 		Republican  
Jeremiah Denton 		26
97th 28 Elected in 1980.
Lost re-election.
98th
Re-elected in 1984. 29 99th
100th 29 Elected in 1986. Jan 3, 1987 –
Jan 3, 2023 		Democratic  
Richard Shelby 		27
101st
Re-elected in 1990.
Retired. 		30 102nd
103rd 30 Re-elected in 1992.
Changed parties in 1994.
Republican
104th
16  
Jeff Sessions 		Republican Jan 3, 1997 –
Feb 8, 2017 		Elected in 1996. 31 105th
106th 31 Re-elected in 1998.
107th
Re-elected in 2002. 32 108th
109th 32 Re-elected in 2004.
110th
Re-elected in 2008. 33 111th
112th 33 Re-elected in 2010.
113th
Re-elected in 2014.
Resigned to become U.S. Attorney General. 		34 114th
115th 34 Re-elected in 2016.
Retired.
17  
Luther Strange 		Republican Feb 9, 2017 –
Jan 3, 2018 		Appointed to continue Sessions's term.
Lost nomination to finish Sessions's term.
18  
Doug Jones 		Democratic Jan 3, 2018 –
Jan 3, 2021 		Elected in 2017 to finish Sessions's term.
Lost re-election.
116th
19  
Tommy Tuberville 		Republican Jan 3, 2021 –
present 		Elected in 2020. 35 117th
118th 35 Elected in 2022. Jan 3, 2023 –
present 		Republican  
Katie Britt 		28
119th
To be determined in the 2026 election. 36 120th
121st 36 To be determined in the 2028 election.
# Senator Party Years in office Electoral history T C T Electoral history Years in office Party Senator #
Class 2 Class 3

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b Clay and Fitzpatrick along with several other senators announced they were withdrawing from the Senate on January 21, 1861, due to their states' decisions to secede from the Union. Clay's seat was declared vacant by the Senate on March 14, 1861, but Fitzpatrick's was vacant because his term ended on March 4, 1861.

References

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  1. ^ Journal of the Senate of the State of Alabama. 1903. pp. 82–83.
  2. ^ Schlup, Leonard C.; Ryan, James Gilbert (February 16, 2018). Historical Dictionary of the Gilded Age. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 9780765621061 – via Google Books.
  3. ^ "Senator Pettus Re-elected". The New York Times. January 27, 1903. p. 3.
  4. ^ a b "NO CHOICE IN RHODE ISLAND". The New York Times. January 23, 1907. p. 1.
  5. ^ a b The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1908. New York: The Tribune Association. 1908. p. 258.
  6. ^ Byrd, p. 340.
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