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Choricystis

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Choricystis
Choricystis krienitzii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Clade: Viridiplantae
Division: Chlorophyta
Class: Trebouxiophyceae
Order: incertae sedis
Family: Coccomyxaceae
Genus: Choricystis
(Skuja) Fott, 1976[1]
Type species
Choricystis minor
(Skuja, 1948) Fott, 1976[2]
Species[1]

Choricystis is a genus of green algae in the class Trebouxiophyceae, considered a characteristic picophytoplankton in freshwater ecosystems.[1][3] Choricystis, especially the type species Choricystis minor [species], has been proposed as an effective source of fatty acids for biofuels.[4][5][6] Choricystis algacultures have been shown to survive on wastewater.[7][8] In particular, Choricystis has been proposed as a biological water treatment system for industrial waste produced by the processing of dairy goods.[7]

Choricystis have been found in natural bodies of water in South America,[5] North America, Europe, Asia, and Antarctica.[9] They have been observed as an endosymbiont of freshwater sponges as well as ciliates like Paramecium bursaria.[10][11][12]

Description

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Choricystis consists of solitary cells without a mucilage sheath surrounding them.[13] Cells are uninucleate with a single parietal chloroplast.[1] Chloroplasts lack pyrenoids. Reproduction occurs asexually by the formation of autospores; in field conditions, usually two are produced per cell, but in culture four per cell may be present as well.[13] Zoospores or sexual reproduction have not been observed in this genus.[1]

Identification of species within this genus is difficult because of few distinguishing morphological characters; species are now distinguished from each other using DNA barcodes.[10]

Use as a biofuel

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Triglycerides and other lipids can be transesterified to produce fatty acid methyl esters, the primary component of biodiesel fuels.[14][15] Because of their high lipid content and rate of lipid production, Choricystis algae have been suggested as effective microalgae for industrial biofuel production.[4][5][6][16][17] Molecular profiles of C. minor have noted its high proportion of neutral (as opposed to polar) lipids,[4][8][18][19] considered preferable in biodiesel production.[8][20]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. "Choricystis". AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. Retrieved 2022-02-28.
  2. ^ Pröschold, T.; Darienko, T.; Silva, P.C.; et al. (2011). "The systematics of Zoochlorella revisited employing an integrative approach". Environmental Microbiology. 13 (2): 350–364. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02333.x. PMID 20874732.
  3. ^ Krienitz, L.; Huss, V.A.R.; Hümmer, C. (1996). "Picoplanktonic Choricystis species (Chlorococcales, Chlorophyta) and problems surrounding the morphologically similar 'Nannochloris-like algae'". Phycologia. 35 (4): 332–341. doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-35-4-332.1.
  4. ^ a b c Sobczuk, T.M.; Chisti, Y. (2010). "Potential fuel oils from the microalga Choricystis minor". Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology. 85 (1): 100–108. doi:10.1002/jctb.2272.
  5. ^ a b c Menezes, R.S.; Soares, A.T.; Marques, J.G.; Lopes, R.G.; de Arantes, R.F.; Derner, R.B.; Filho, N.R.A. (2016). "Culture medium influence on growth, fatty acid, and pigment composition of Choricystis minor var. minor: a suitable microalga for biodiesel production". Journal of Applied Phycology. 28 (5): 2679–2686. doi:10.1007/s10811-016-0828-1. S2CID 254608227.
  6. ^ a b Riveira, C.Y.B.; D'Alessandro, E.B.; Filho, N.R.A.; Lopes, R.G.; Derner, R.B. (2021). "Synergistic effect of growth conditions and organic carbon sources for improving biomass production and biodiesel quality by the microalga Choricystis minor var. minor". Science of the Total Environment. 759: 143476. Bibcode:2021ScTEn.759n3476O. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143476. PMID 33218810. S2CID 227099711.
  7. ^ a b Tsolcha, O.N.; Tekerlekopoulou, A.G.; Akratos, C.S.; Bellou, S.; Aggelis, G.; Katsiapi, M.; Moustaka-Gouni, M.; Vayenas, D.V. (2015). "Treatment of second cheese whey effluents using a Choricystis-based system with simultaneous lipid production". Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology. 91 (8): 2349–2359. doi:10.1002/jctb.4829.
  8. ^ a b c Chen, Y.; Li, X.; Sun, Z.; Zhou, Z. (2017). "Isolation and identification of Choricystis minor Fott and mass cultivation for oil production". Algal Research. 25: 142–148. doi:10.1016/j.algal.2017.05.012.
  9. ^ Zidarova, R.; Pouneva, I. (2006). "Physiological and biochemical characterization of antarctic isolate Choricystis minor during oxidative stress at different temperatures and light intensities" (PDF). General and Applied Plant Physiology. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences: 109–115.
  10. ^ a b Pröschold, T.; Darienko, T. (2020). "Choricystis and Lewiniosphaera gen. nov. (Trebouxiophyceae Chlorophyta), two different green algal endosymbionts in freshwater sponges". Symbiosis. 82 (3): 175–188. doi:10.1007/s13199-020-00711-x. PMC 7725700. PMID 33328698.
  11. ^ Kulakova, N.V.; Kashin, S.A.; Bukin, Y.S. (2020). "The genetic diversity and phylogeny of green microalgae in the genus Choricystis (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) in Lake Baikal". Limnology. 21: 15–24. doi:10.1007/s10201-019-00587-x. S2CID 254164507.
  12. ^ Flemming, F.E.; Potekhin, A.; Pröschold, T.; Schrallhammer, M. (2020). "Algal Diversity in Paramecium bursaria: Species Identification, Detection of Choricystis parasitica, and Assessment of the Interaction Specificity". Diversity. 12 (8): 287. doi:10.3390/d12080287.
  13. ^ a b Krienitz, L.; Huss, V. A. R.; Hümmer, C. (1996). "Picoplanktonic Choricystis species (Chlorococcales, Chlorophyta) and problems surrounding the morphologically similar 'Nannochloris-like algae'". Phycologia. 35 (4): 332–341. Bibcode:1996Phyco..35..332K. doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-35-4-332.1.
  14. ^ Fukuda, H.; Kondo, A.; Noda, H. (2001). "Biodiesel fuel production by transesterification of oils". Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. 92 (5): 405–416. doi:10.1016/S1389-1723(01)80288-7. PMID 16233120.
  15. ^ Meher, L.C.; Vidya Sagar, D.; Naik, S.N. (2006). "Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification—a review". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 10 (3): 248–268. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2004.09.002.
  16. ^ Menezes, R.S.; Soares, A.T.; Lopes, R.G.; et al. (2015). "Evaluation of fatty acid composition of the microalgae Choricystis minor var. minor according to two different nutrient feeding strategies". Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy. 7 (4): 043117. doi:10.1063/1.4926908.
  17. ^ Menezes, R.S.; Soares, A.T.; Castro, J.C.T.; et al. (2022). "Production and quality assessment of biodiesel obtained by thermal process from wet microalgae biomass of Choricystis minor var. minor". Biofuels. 13 (9): 1103–1111. doi:10.1080/17597269.2022.2106641. S2CID 251561483.
  18. ^ da Cruz Lima, A.A.; Szczerbowski, D.; Zandoná Filho, A.; et al. (2018). "Choricystis minor var. minor lipids: Extraction using conventional and pressurized solvents and assessment of their potential to produce fatty acid methyl esters". Algal Research. 33 (12): 28–35. doi:10.1016/j.algal.2018.04.017. S2CID 90078024.
  19. ^ Pikoli, M.R.; Sari, A.F.; Solihat, N.A.; Permana, A.H. (2019). "Characteristics of tropical freshwater microalgae Micractinium conductrix, Monoraphidium sp. and Choricystis parasitica, and their potency as biodiesel feedstock". Heliyon. 5 (12): e02922. Bibcode:2019Heliy...502922P. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02922. PMC 6906661. PMID 31867456.
  20. ^ Bertozzini, E.; Galluzzi, L.; Penna, A.; Magnani, M. (2011). "Application of the standard addition method for the absolute quantification of neutral lipids in microalgae using Nile red". Journal of Microbiological Methods. 87 (1): 17–23. doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2011.06.018. hdl:11576/2509329. PMID 21767582.


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