FAM13B
| FAM13B | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Aliases | FAM13B, ARHGAP49, C5orf5, FAM13B1, KHCHP, N61, family with sequence similarity 13 member B | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 609371; MGI: 2447834; HomoloGene: 9585; GeneCards: FAM13B; OMA:FAM13B - orthologs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Family with sequence similarity 13 member B is a protein which in humans is encoded by the FAM13B gene,[5] also known as C5ORF5. The FAM13B gene is found in vertebrates and jawed fish. FAM13B is expressed ubiquitously in human tissues[6] and has been linked to maglinant myelomas[7] susceptibility to atrial fibrillation, a cardiac arrhythmia.[8]
Molecular Features
[edit]Gene
[edit]The FAM13B gene is located on human chromosome 5q31, spanning 5610 base pairs and containing 23 exons.[6]
mRNA
[edit]There are 18 transcript variants, the longest mRNA contains 5610 base pairs.[6]
Expression
[edit]The FAM13B gene is expressed at high levels ubiquitously among human cell tissues with some variability, with the highest expression in the brain and the lowest expression in the liver.[6]
Protein
[edit]The longest protein product of FAM13B consists of 915 amino acids[9] with a molecular mass of 105kD.[10] FAM13B variants have the potential to encode several swapped proteins, including proteins with internal deletions, with different C termini, and with a deletion of the N terminus.[10] The protein has an isoelectric point of 4.9.[11] The human FAM13B protein is localized in the nucleoplasm and contains multiple peroxisomal targeting signals and nuclear localization signals.[12] The FAM13B protein has a lower amount of threonine and a higher amount of glutamate compared to other human proteins.[11]
The FAM13B contains 2 disordered region and 2 conserved domains:[6]
- RHO GTPase-activating proteins domain (RhoGAP) - crucial in cell cytoskeletal organization, growth, differentiation, neuronal development and synaptic functions.[13]
- N-terminal homeodomain-like domain of metazoan RecQ protein-like 4 (RecQL4_SLD2_NTD) - involved in various cellular process, including DNA replication, recombination, and repair.[14]
The RHOGAP domain is also found in the orthologs.
Post-translation modifications
[edit]The human FAM13B protein can undergo post-translational modifications including phosphorylation, acetylation, and methylation.[12]
Interacting proteins
[edit]The human FAM13B protein interacts with several proteins that are localized in the nucleoplasm, including RAC1, NME5, SPATA24, HIGD1A, PPP2CA, SAMHD1, UNK, YWHAZ.[15]
Evolution
[edit]
Orthologs
[edit]Orthologs of the FAM13B gene can be found in vertebrates including mammals, aves, reptiles, amphibians, and jawed fish.[6] There are no FAM13B orthologs found in invertebrates. FAM13B is more conserved in mammals, aves, and reptiles. FAM13B has a moderate mutation rate that is slower than Fibrinogen Alpha Chain but faster than Cytochrome C.
| Genus and Species | Common Name | Estimated Divergence (MYA) | Accession Number | Amino Acid Length | Sequence Similarity (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Homo sapiens | Humans | 0 | NP_001372850 | 915 | 100 |
| Macaca mulatta | Rhesus monkey | 28.8 | NP_001247877 | 916 | 99.2 |
| Mus musculus | House mouse | 87 | NP_666196 | 851 | 87.3 |
| Alligator sinesis | Chinese alligator | 319 | XP_006026918 | 930 | 87.0 |
| Gallus gallus | Chicken | 319 | NP_001264674 | 905 | 85.9 |
| Xenopus tropicalis | Tropical clawed frog | 352 | XP_002933679 | 831 | 72.0 |
| Amblyraja radiata | Thorny skate | 462 | XP_032885277 | 825 | 58.4 |
Paralogs
[edit]The human FAM13B gene has two paralogs, FAM13A[16] and FAM13C.[17] Similar to FAM13B, the FAM13A and FAM13C are found in vertebrates including mammals, aves, reptiles, amphibians, and jawed fish. The paralogs are not found in invertebrates.
Clinical significance
[edit]FAM13B is frequently deleted in malignant myelomas, suggesting its potential role in cancer development.[7] Altered expression of FAM13B has been linked to susceptibility to atrial fibrillation,[7] a cardiac arrhythmia.[8]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000031003 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000036501 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "FAM13B family with sequence similarity 13 member B [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ a b c d e f "FAM13B family with sequence similarity 13 member B [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
- ^ a b c Lai F, Godley LA, Joslin J, Fernald AA, Liu J, Espinosa R, et al. (January 2001). "Transcript map and comparative analysis of the 1.5-Mb commonly deleted segment of human 5q31 in malignant myeloid diseases with a del(5q)". Genomics. 71 (2): 235–245. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6414. PMID 11161817.
- ^ a b Hsu J, Gore-Panter S, Tchou G, Castel L, Lovano B, Moravec CS, et al. (March 2018). "Genetic Control of Left Atrial Gene Expression Yields Insights into the Genetic Susceptibility for Atrial Fibrillation". Circulation: Genomic and Precision Medicine. 11 (3): e002107. doi:10.1161/CIRCGEN.118.002107. PMC 5858469. PMID 29545482.
- ^ "protein FAM13B isoform 1 [Homo sapiens] - Protein". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 2023-12-15.
- ^ a b Lai F, Godley LA, Fernald AA, Orelli BJ, Pamintuan L, Zhao N, Le Beau MM (November 2000). "cDNA cloning and genomic structure of three genes localized to human chromosome band 5q31 encoding potential nuclear proteins". Genomics. 70 (1): 123–130. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6345. PMID 11087669.
- ^ a b "SAPS < Sequence Statistics". Statistical Analysis of Protein Sequences. European Bioinformatics Institute. Retrieved 2023-12-15.
- ^ a b "PSORT II Prediction". psort.hgc.jp. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
- ^ Moon SY, Zheng Y (January 2003). "Rho GTPase-activating proteins in cell regulation". Trends in Cell Biology. 13 (1): 13–22. doi:10.1016/S0962-8924(02)00004-1. PMID 12480336.
- ^ Ohlenschläger O, Kuhnert A, Schneider A, Haumann S, Bellstedt P, Keller H, et al. (September 2012). "The N-terminus of the human RecQL4 helicase is a homeodomain-like DNA interaction motif". Nucleic Acids Research. 40 (17): 8309–8324. doi:10.1093/nar/gks591. PMC 3458545. PMID 22730300.
- ^ "FAM13B Interaction Network". IntAct Portal. European Bioinformatics Institute. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
- ^ "Gene: FAM13A (ENSG00000138640) - Paralogues - Homo_sapiens - Ensembl genome browser 110". useast.ensembl.org. Retrieved 2023-12-15.
- ^ "Gene: FAM13C (ENSG00000148541) - Paralogues - Homo_sapiens - Ensembl genome browser 110". useast.ensembl.org. Retrieved 2023-12-15.