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Gregorian Bivolaru

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Gregorian Bivolaru also known as Magnus Aurolsson[1] and nicknamed Grieg, Grig or, by the press, Guru (born 12 March 1952) is a Romanian tantric yoga guru,[2][3][4] and the founder of the Movement for Spiritual Integration into the Absolute (MISA). At the age of 18 he began teaching yoga, an activity deprecated by Romania's communist regime. He was twice jailed and once forcibly hospitalized in a psychiatric ward under the regime, which ended in 1989. In 2005 he was charged on counts of sexual exploitation, tax evasion, and crossing the border to escape prosecution; he sought asylum in Sweden, which he was granted in 2006. In 2008 he was expelled from the European Yoga Council. His trial in Romania for human trafficking was postponed many times; charges in another trial were dropped. In 2013, he was sentenced in absentia by Romania's supreme court for sex with a minor. In 2016 he was arrested in France and extradited to Romania. He was paroled in 2017 and fled the country, by then wanted by the police in Finland and France for human trafficking. He was arrested and imprisoned in France in 2023.

MISA teaches a combination of yoga and tantra. The teachings derive from multiple religious sources such as Hinduism, Kashmir Shaivism, and Western esotericism. The tantra teaching is oriented towards sexual practices. A principle of polarity is emphasized, with male and female as fundamentally opposite energies of the universe. MISA's practices include purifications, use of pornography, and sexual activity between teachers and pupils. Some female students have been taken to France, arriving disoriented and without passports or mobile phones at Bivolaru's apartment, where they had ritualized sex with Bivolaru, and were then taken away and forced to do sex work such as working as webcam models under harsh conditions. It was held to be an honour to have sex with the guru as this denoted spiritual progress.

Bivolaru has received hostile treatment in the media in Romania and elsewhere, with descriptions of his beliefs and practices. He has written a book describing Freemasonry as a satanic conspiracy seeking world domination. He has claimed to have contacted extraterrestrials with healing powers.

Biography

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Early life

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Gregorian Bivolaru was born in 1952 in Tărtășești, Ilfov County, (now in Dâmbovița County), in the Muntenia region of Romania. He completed high school in Bucharest, and joined a predecessor to the Bucharest Metro company as an unskilled labourer in 1971. He began practicing yoga at the age of 17,[5] and began to teach it at the age of 18.[6] He became interested in Eastern spirituality and read Mircea Eliade's scholarly writings on yoga, corresponding with the author. He managed to obtain and read books by Paramahansa Yogananda, Sivananda Saraswati, and Ramakrishna, even though these were not readily available in Romania at the time.[6]

During the communist regime Bivolaru was kept under observation by the Department of State Security, because he was practicing and teaching yoga,[6][7] yoga being dissuaded in Romania and barred from public facilities in 1982, in connection with the "Transcendental Meditation scandal".[8] He was jailed twice and forcibly hospitalized in a psychiatric ward once.[7]

In 1977, he was arrested on the charge of distributing pornography and sentenced to one year in prison, but he did not complete it due to an amnesty granted for minor convictions by the President of Romania Nicolae Ceaușescu on his birthday.[9] On 17 April 1984, he was arrested again for distributing pornographic materials.[5]

On 17 August 1989, Bivolaru was arrested again, on the grounds that he was mentally unhinged and a menace to the general public. Prosecutors requested he be hospitalized, which was granted two days later on 19 August 1989 by the sector 1 Tribunal of Bucharest based on a report submitted by National Institute for Legal Medicine (IML). He was sentenced to hospitalization at The Poiana Mare Neuropsychiatry Hospital in Dolj county. In the IML report the diagnosis was schizoid personality disorder and paranoia with obsessive-phobic elements.[5] Until 1989 he was constantly on the list of the most dangerous people for the communist regime, being permanently in the sights of the Security, but he never stopped practicing and teaching yoga. His group of yogis is according to Gabriel Andreescu "the only example of long-lasting collective resistance under Nicolae Ceaușescu's regime".[10]

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In 2005, Bivolaru was charged in Romania on eight counts, including sexual exploitation, tax evasion, and illegally crossing the border to escape prosecution.[11] In March 2005, he asked for asylum in Sweden, claiming that he feared persecution in Romania.[12] On 15 April the Romanian Police issued a second warrant in his name, accusing him of "human trafficking and other charges related to organized crime" (related to an alleged sequestration of people in some ashrams and forcing them to work without being paid).[13]

The Swedish Immigration Authority granted Bivolaru political asylum from 2 January 2006.[14]

In 2008, Bivolaru and everyone linked to MISA or Natha were expelled from the European Yoga Council, where he had been an honorary member.[15][15]

In 2010, Bivolaru requested damages from the Romanian state for his sentencing to mandatory psychiatric treatment during the Communist regime.[16]

On 18 January 2011, Bivolaru's trial was, for the tenth time, postponed again until 23 March 2011, marking his case as one of the longest-running in the Cluj court.[11][17] This trial for human trafficking is still pending, but the unconstitutionality exceptions invoked by the suspects were already rejected.[18] On 1 July 2011, a Bucharest court issued a ruling recognizing the political nature of the sentences suffered by Bivolaru during the communist period and his internment.[19] In another 2011 trial, at the Sibiu court, the charges were dropped, partly due to lack of evidence for some charges (evidence was dropped for failing to show that the interceptions were legally mandated[20][21]), and partly due to exceeding the statute of limitations corresponding to the charges.[21][22]

In 2012, MISA faced allegations of procuring and forced prostitution.[23]

In 2013, the High Court of Cassation and Justice of Romania convicted and sentenced Bivolaru in absentia to six years in prison, without suspension, for sexual acts with a minor, who said she never had sexual relations with Bivolaru.[24] On the same day, Court Judge Ionuț Matei received a letter threatening him and his family.[24][25]

In 2016, Bivolaru was arrested in France.[26][27] After extradition from France, he was imprisoned in Romania.[28] He has requested a retrial.[29] He had to do one year and three months less than six years, since he had already spent this time in detention.[30] Alba Iulia Court of Appeals had rejected Bivolaru's demand for a retrial.[31]

In 2017, Bivolaru was released from prison on parole.[32] Soon after being paroled, Bivolaru fled the country. He was wanted by the police in Finland and France for human trafficking between 2008 and 2013, for sexual abuse, and other crimes.[33][34] In 2023 he was wanted by Interpol for aggravated trafficking in human beings and sexual assault at the request of Finland.[35] He was arrested in France on 28 November 2023.[36] Bivolaru and five other people belonging to MISA were placed under provisional arrest.[37] They were accused of financial exploitation, under the guise of Tantra (sexual exploitation).[38][39] Bivolaru thinks he is "the victim of a political conspiracy",[37] who would have retaliated against him for "fighting against a gigantic planetary satanic and freemasonic conspiracy".[40] This has long been the official creed of Bivolaru and MISA.[41]

In 2023, he was accused of exploiting female adepts for sexual contacts and luring them into performing in pornography, including by secretly recording them for such purposes.[42]

In Finland the charges he faces are punishable with ten years imprisonment.[43] In France he faces charges punishable with 30 years imprisonment.[44] The other five persons still in prison at this time face charges punishable with 15 years imprisonment.[45]

He was imprisoned in France in 2023 for what was alleged to be a rape, human trafficking and kidnapping scheme.[46] According to Le Monde, "At the eight locations they visited, the police found 58 women – 51 of Romanian nationality, none French – 'living in difficult conditions, with severe overcrowding and no privacy'".[47] Each woman in the villa of Bivolaru's right-hand man from France had a room of three square meters, and the hygiene conditions were poor.[48] They were malnourished.[41] Many of the women arrested on 28 November 2023 were inebriated.[49][50]

In 2024 German authorities opened an investigation regarding MISA/ATMAN.[51] The authorities have expressed doubts about the success of such investigation, since Germany does not have the same laws as France.[51]

At the end of April 2024, the French authorities arrested the wife of Bivolaru's right-hand man.[52]

Bivolaru will receive payment for damages, for a 17-year trial in Romania, a duration which was ruled excessive in 2024.[53]

Two of his close associates from the EU were arrested in August 2024 in Georgia.[54][55] According to another source, they were arrested on 2 September 2024.[41] When they were arrested, they had half million Euro.[41] The article from Marianne links them and other MISA chieftains to an even more infamous[56] cult, Ashram Shambala from Russia.[41] Agence France-Presse mentioned that 15 persons were indicted in 2023 in this matter.[55][57]

As of October 2024 the investigation continues, unveiling various brothels linked to Bivolaru/MISA in France, Monaco, and Italy.[41] He faces accusations of organized crime.[58]

MISA

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Official hostility to yoga ended with the Romanian Revolution of 1989.[8] Bivolaru founded the Movement for Spiritual Integration into the Absolute (MISA) as a non-profit association in 1990.[6] MISA currently operates under different names in different countries: Natha in Denmark and Portugal, Tara in the US and UK, and Satya in India.[59] It is also known as the Atman Federation.[60][61][62]

Teachings

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MISA teaches a combination of yoga and tantra. Courses in these two subjects, the "Intensive Yoga Course" (IYC)[63] and "Intensive Tantra Course" (ITC)[64] each span two years, requiring at least two hours a week of home study, and can be taken concurrently. MISA describes its teaching in secular terms, but according to scholar of religion Zdenek Vojtíšek, it demands changes to lifestyle, investment of time, and commitment to the organization more like a religion than a leisure activity. Vojtíšek states that MISA makes itself available socially, while gradually introducing doctrines that it calls secret.[6][65]

The sociologist Massimo Introvigne states that the teachings derive from many religious sources, including Buddhism, Hinduism, Sufism, Tantra, and Taoism, as well as Esoteric Christianity and Western esotericism.[66] The selected teachings are removed from their cultural and historical contexts and presented as esoteric elements of a single truth. One such element is a belief in benevolent extra-terrestrial aliens.[6] Introvigne states that the core of MISA's teaching is Tantrism, especially that of the medieval Kashmir Shaivism philosopher Abhinavagupta.[6][66]

Students are encouraged to take up a lactovegetarian diet.[6]

The Intensive Yoga Course material is a text containing diverse materials. Yoga is defined as a "a traditional, practical, and philosophical system" deriving from Patanjali's Yoga Sutras.[6][63] The yoga teacher and scholar of religion Tova Olsson states that it is illustrated with poetry, Indian proverbs, "quasi-scientific drawings", and photographs of "photos of young men and women (in their underwear) performing āsanas".[6] She comments that Patanjali is described as "holy", while the word "traditional" in her view emphasizes the essential form of Patanjali's yoga, while the text stresses the goal of attaining perfection through the practice. She adds that the words "authenticity" and "secret" are used repeatedly at the start, indicating that students will be initiated into "a great mystery" only available through MISA.[6] Students are asked to take up a lactovegetarian diet, and to practice fasting.[6][63]

The Intensive Tantra Course is illustrated with a painting of deities embracing in Yab-Yum. (Book cover of Manjuvajra embracing his consort illustrated.)

The Intensive Tantra Course defines tantra as a "set of methods and instruments ... intended to obtain the expansion of consciousness or ... to create a network of conscious connections between elements of reality".[6][64] It calls tantra "more famous than known", describing it variously as metaphysics, physics, science, and spirituality. The text dismisses the "Western" use of tantra's sexual techniques, but has in Olsson's words "an obvious (and original, as promised) leaning towards sexual practices."[6] It is illustrated with paintings and photographs, usually one on each page of text. These begin with a painting of deities embracing in the Yab-Yum posture, and "become increasingly daring" as the course progresses.[6][64] The photographs portray people in the Yab-Yum posture or in "orgasmic embrace", followed by "photos of naked, white, slender women with oiled skin and large breasts", often lying down in a natural setting; Olsson states that Bivolaru's book is similarly illustrated.[6][67]

Both courses state a "law of resonance", with frequencies in the environment matching those within the yoga practitioner as a "law that governs the whole manifestation", since according to MISA the universe consists of vibrations.[6] Olsson traces the idea that everything is vibrations, along with occult concepts such as "as above, so below" and the universality of gendered opposites to the 1908 esoteric book The Kybalion, likely written by William Walker Atkinson.[6][68] She suggests that MISA uses the law of resonance to mean that "likeminded people attract", and conversely that students should avoid the influence of people of "lower frequency".[6] In line with this, the IYC calls the chakras of the subtle body "resonators"; the right use of these supposedly enables students to gain supernatural powers.[6]

The IYC advocates hatha yoga purifications such as washing the nose with salt water, later moving on to asanas, such as shavasana and Bhujangasana, one at a time: Olsson comments that this contrasts sharply with the many asanas practised in a typical session of yoga as exercise. These are related to specific chakras and attributed specific physical or quasi-medical benefits, as well as spiritual benefits and the ability to control sexual energy.[6][63] Knowledge of the chakras is described as secret, belied, Olsson notes, by the ready availability of materials and courses on them, perhaps leading the way towards acceptance of abusive behaviour.[6]

The ITC teaches the principle of polarity, between the male deity Shiva and the female Shakti, his consort. These are presented as opposites, constituting a fundamental principle of energy in the universe. Along with more photographs and drawings of naked men and women, the text introduces the concept of ojas or "fluid light" as the "seminal energy of man" in male and female sexual fluids.[6][64]

Olsson summarizes MISA's teachings as "an eclectic religious worldview, where yogic techniques and Bible passages intermingle with disciplined life-choices, nudity, a sense of exclusivity and a fair share of gender essentialism."[6] The teachings are supported with quotations from authority figures, nearly all men, from Pythagoras to Rousseau and Sivananda. The stress on secrecy, too, she notes, is belied by published translations of hatha yoga texts such as the Haṭha Yoga Pradīpikā and the Gheraṇḍa Saṃhitā.[6]

Practices

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Across the organization

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In 2009, Finnish broadcasting company Yle aired a program on MISA and Bivolaru, interviewing ex-Natha members. Natha is described as being rooted in the MISA movement. The interviewees described controversial activities like vomiting for purification, the use of pornography, and sexual relations between teachers and pupils.[69] A representative of Finnish Natha commented that sex is always a matter between the two persons. Seppo Isotalo, a human rights activist who tried to help MISA in confrontation with Romanian authorities, described MISA as having "all the characteristics of a cult: one truth, one leader, and it isolates the dissident."[69]

In 2011 MISA was involved in a scandal in Argentina described as "porno-yoga".[70][71] In 2012 MISA was involved in a sexual slavery scandal in Italy,[72][73] but 10 years later no prosecutions had been brought.[74] The lengthy trial of MISA members on charges of "Trafficking in human beings and conspiracy to commit crimes", which took place in Romania, was concluded after 17 years. Nobody was found guilty.[75] Equally, by 2021 there had been no official charges of pimping.[75]

MISA has been described as "a group reminiscent of the Mafia and pimping disguised as philosophy",[44] and as organized crime.[76] It is organized compartmentally, according to a general operating principle of organized crime.[77]

Some MISA ashrams close to Bivolaru, hidden from the main teaching schools, are said to function as brothels, while the journalist Bogdan Comaroni stated that children born in ashrams are sometimes sold to pedophiles.[78] Comaroni stated that many local politicians, policemen and prosecutors from Romania were clients of MISA prostitutes.[78] According to Comaroni, Bivolaru built a real estate financial empire based on pimping and money laundering.[78]

In 2014, Bivolaru earned 4 million euros from annual membership fees.[79] In December 2023, MISA counted a hundred thousand adepts worldwide.[78] Another source in 2024 said it had 40,000 adepts in 34 countries.[41]

Sex with Bivolaru

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MISA teaches that each of seven penetrative sexual positions corresponds to one of seven chakras in the subtle body.[80] A depiction of the body with seven chakras in Tibetan Buddhism.

In 2023 Bivolaru and MISA were involved in a sexual slavery and human trafficking scandal in France.[44][36] 30 years prison sentences were on the table.[44] In France, various women were deprived of passports, of mobile phones, they were transported blindfolded so that they would not know where they were, they were rarely allowed to communicate with their parents, and then only under supervision, they were forced to sign formal statements that they had sex and viewed porn of their own free will, and they were allowed no clothes except for women's underwear.[81][82] A witness interviewed by RTL confirms such reports: in one year since joining MISA she had to perform sex work.[83] A witness interviewed by the BBC reported the same treatment in Paris.[80] This began with days waiting in a blacked-out room in Bivolaru's apartment and seeing other women in states of distress. Once called to Bivolaru's bedroom, sex began with a consecration ritual, lengthy foreplay by Bivolaru, seven penetrative sex positions, each supposedly mapped to one of the seven chakras, and forced drinking of urine directly from the urethra.[80] This was immediately followed by supervised transportation from Paris to Prague, with six months forced work in the "Garden of Miracles" as an erotic webcam model under harsh conditions.[80] There were fines for offences as minor as leaving the refrigerator door open or a plate unwashed.[80]

A Vice article reports that "as a MISA female member, it was an honour to have sex with guru Gregorian, because it meant positive karma and spiritual progress".[i][85] The BBC confirms that sex with Gregorian was held to "burn [bad] karma".[80] One woman they interviewed said that she felt repulsed by him, but accepted having sex, telling herself according to her MISA training that "this is a spiritual master – transfigure him [with tantric sex]."[80]

Bivolaru and MISA are fiercely against homosexuality,[41][86] but they have no objection to lesbianism, which they even promote during Tantric initiation:[87] underage virgins first had to submit to sex with women before having sex with Bivolaru.[88] One woman stated in court that she was sexually exploited by Bivolaru, losing her virginity to him while she was only 15.[88][89] Before being deflowered by Bivolaru she was allegedly initiated through "lesbian acts with a dozen other women".[90] A German witness described how Bivolaru raped a 16-year-old Hungarian girl.[91][92]

Analysis

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Validity of mental health diagnoses

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The validity of Bivolaru's mental health diagnoses has been debated. A psychologist friend of Bivolaru, when asked by a young girl in 1993 about attending Bivolaru's courses, advised her to stay clear of him because he was a "psychopath".[93][94] In 2012 two courts acknowledged that Bivolaru was sentenced and jailed for political reasons during the communist regime.[7] Cecilia Tiz, a yoga teacher formerly associated with MISA, stated in 2016 that "Bivolaru is a sick man who needs therapy".[95] During his 2016 extradition procedures, Bivolaru pleaded irresponsible by reason of being legally insane,[96] although the French court refused to pass judgment upon his being insane, since that was not germane to extradition procedures.[96] One of his lawyers publicly declared at the time of the trial that "He has become paranoid, he is fearful of everything."[97] However, the doctor at Poiana Mare in charge of Bivolaru, Leonard Hriscu, declared that "Gregorian Bivolaru was not a man in need of psychiatric treatment."[93]

Bivolaru has stated that he was unfairly persecuted, just as Jesus Christ was unjustly crucified.[98] In 2023, he was acquitted after 17 years of trial.[99][100][101] The name "Operation Christ" was given to the case by prosecutors.[102][103][104] The French newspaper Libération took his comparison of himself with Jesus Christ is evidence of megalomania.[105]

In the media

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In the 1990s and the 2000s, there was a media campaign in Romania against Bivolaru and MISA, which has been compared with those of Stalinism and Nazism.[106] According to Andreescu, the motivation was not political, instead it was a sensational subject which largely promoted the sales of newspapers, while the journalist Ion Cristoiu suspected that the Social Democratic Party was the evil genius behind such campaign, aiming to appease conservative voters.[106] Andreescu accused the Romanian Justice of repression, but noticed that in the end justice was rendered to those who were not guilty.[107]

Bivolaru flirted with the purportedly Hindu myth[ii] of having sex with a thousand virgins, hoping to reach the heights of spiritual power.[109]

An article in Huffington Post called MISA a "dangerous personality cult", stating that Bivolaru had led "hundreds of vulnerable women" into making hard-core porn videos, leaving their husbands, or working as prostitutes and strippers. It stated that the purpose of this was to "liberat[e] the female body", allowing participants to commune with the "Divine Goddess."[110] It further reported that Bivolaru and others in the MISA hierarchy had "sex with underage girls, some in their early teens", and that young women did "karma yoga", meaning that they were sent to countries such as Japan "to work as pole dancers and strippers."[110]

In one of his books, Bivolaru claims Freemasonry is a satanic conspiracy trying to achieve world domination via the establishment of a world masonic government, a world kingdom, as well as a unique world religion.[111] Gregorian Bivolaru claims to have contact with extraterrestrials who have healing powers[69][112] and they will help humanity during its "difficult moments".[113] His publications have been described as "conspiracy theory writings having paranoid ideas".[87]

Bivolaru gained a bad reputation in Romania in the 1990s, through advising his adepts to drink urine, both as urine therapy and as paraphilia, while the scholar of religion Zdeněk Vojtíšek says that is a vanilla mystical ritual in some religions.[114] Vojtíšek stated in 2018 that Bivolaru sexually initiates women in an atmosphere of secrecy and drinking urine, but concluded that the bad press which MISA had is due to an unavoidable misunderstanding.[115] According to Crikey, "women were coerced into gaining weight to conform to Bivolaru's tastes."[116]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Literally translated from Romanian: "to be beaten by" instead of "to have sex with".[84]
  2. ^ In fact it was a Chinese myth.[108]

References

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  1. ^ Sources for 'Magnus Aurolsson':
    • Fantaziu, Ionuț; Apostol, Mariana (29 September 2011). "Magnus Aurolsson, noul nume al lui Bivolaru" [Magnus Aurolsson, Bivolaru's new name]. Evenimentul Zilei (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 31 December 2011. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
    • Redacția (9 February 2010). "Gregorian Bivolaru si-a schimbat numele in Magnus Aurolsson" [Gregorian Bivolaru changed his name to Magnus Aurolsson]. PRO TV (in Romanian). Retrieved 29 November 2023.
    • Mîrza & Giurgiu 2023
  2. ^ "Tantric yoga guru Gregorian Bivolaru charged with human trafficking". The Guardian. 28 November 2023.
  3. ^ Szaniecki, Maya; Tanno, Sophie (3 December 2023). "French police arrest yoga guru in connection with alleged rape, human trafficking and kidnapping scheme". CNN News.
  4. ^ "France arrests yoga guru Gregorian Bivolaru on suspicion of indoctrinating followers for sexual exploitation". CBS News. 29 November 2023.
  5. ^ a b c Alexandru, Ion (27 March 2004). "A evadat in '84 din arestul Securitatii". Jurnalul (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Olsson, Tova (11 June 2024). "'Secret' Teachings of a Transnational Yoga and Tantra School: Esotericism, Essentialism and Authenticity in MISA". Religions of South Asia. 18 (1–2): 145–168. doi:10.1558/rosa.25506. ISSN 1751-2697.
  7. ^ a b c Bucharest Tribunal. "File no 48765/3/2010 solution: Gregorian Bivolaru was sentenced and jailed for political reasons during the communist regime". TMB Website. Archived from the original on 2 April 2017. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
  8. ^ a b Bordaș, Liviu (9 May 2020). "De la circ la transcendentali. Yoga sub comunism" [From circus to transcendentals. Yoga under communism]. Viața Românească (in Romanian). Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  9. ^ Departamentul eveniment (13 April 2005). "Cum a trecut Guru granita?" [How Guru got past the country border]. Evenimentul Zilei (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 2 September 2005. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  10. ^ Andreescu, Gabriel (2017). Radiografia unei represiuni, la zi [The X-ray of a repression, up to date]. Shambala. p. 17.
  11. ^ a b Ionita, Raluca. "Amanare din lipsa de procedura in dosarul liderului MISA, Gregorian Bivolaru". Romania Online (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  12. ^ "Kommun ger stöd till "sex-sekt"" [Commune gives support to 'sex sect']. Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). 24 May 2009.
  13. ^ Dan, Raluca; Torr, Cosmin (4 March 2012). "Guru Bivolaru are mandat pentru crima organizata". 9AM (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  14. ^ "Suedia îi acordă azil politic lui Gregorian Bivolaru" [Sweden grants political asylum to Gregorian Bivolaru]. BBC (in Romanian). 6 January 2006 [3 January 2006]. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  15. ^ a b Berdeli, Emil (17 April 2008). "Gardianul: Presedintele Consiliului European de Yoga a hotarat excluderea MISA din federatia internationala" [Sweden grants political asylum to Gregorian Bivolaru]. HotNews.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  16. ^ Pahontu, Cristi (11 December 2010). "Liderul MISA, Gregorian Bivolaru, cere despăgubiri statului român" [MISA leader, Gregorian Bivolaru, demands compensation from the Romanian state]. romaniapress.ro (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  17. ^ Ravoiu, Tudor (24 January 2011). "Bivolaru, o "fantoma" in Tribunalul Cluj". citynews.ro (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 5 October 2011. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  18. ^ http://portal.just.ro/InstantaDosar.aspx?idInstitutie=117&d=MTE3MDAwMDAwMDAwMzU1OTU Retrieved 14 December 2011. [dead link‍]
  19. ^ Decizia Tribunalului București, din data de 1 July 2011 în dosarul 48765/3/2010
  20. ^ Rășcanu, Voichița (6 July 2011). "INCOMPETENTA SAU ARANJAMENT? Grig Bivolaru a fost achitat la Sibiu si Alba-Iulia pentru ca procurorii au refuzat sa depuna la dosar mandatele de autorizare a interceptarilor, pe motiv ca sunt "secrete de stat". Procurorii nu au probat nicio infractiune!" [INCOMPETENCE OR ARRANGEMENT? Grig Bivolaru was acquitted in Sibiu and Alba-Iulia because prosecutors refused to file the warrants authorizing the wiretapping, on the grounds that they were "state secrets". The prosecutors did not prove any crime!]. Lumea Justitiei (in Romanian). Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  21. ^ a b Redactia Hotnews (14 June 2013). "VIDEO Gregorian Bivolaru, condamnat definitiv la sase ani de inchisoare pentru acte sexuale cu minori si trafic de persoane" [VIDEO Gregorian Bivolaru, definitively sentenced to six years in prison for sexual acts with minors and human trafficking]. HotNews.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 5 February 2025.
  22. ^ Sources for 'statute of limitations':
  23. ^ Sources for 'procuring', 'prostitution', or 'forced prostitution':
  24. ^ a b Redactia Hotnews (14 June 2013). "VIDEO Gregorian Bivolaru, condamnat definitiv la sase ani de inchisoare pentru acte sexuale cu minori si trafic de persoane" [VIDEO Gregorian Bivolaru, definitively sentenced to six years in prison for sexual acts with minors and human trafficking]. www.hotnews.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 22 May 2024.
  25. ^ "Judecătorul Ionuț Matei, de la instanța supremă, amenințat înaintea procesului lui Gregorian Bivolaru" [Judge Ionuț Matei, from the Supreme Court, threatened before the trial of Gregorian Bivolaru] (in Romanian). Digi24. 14 June 2013. Archived from the original on 15 June 2013.
  26. ^ Condrut, Petriana; Lazaroi, Raluca; Traicu, Andreea (4 March 2017). "Gregorian BIVOLARU, primul INTERVIU dat presei de când a fost adus în țară. Detalii despre fuga în Suedia, relațiile cu persoane publice și cum a fost prins în Franța". Mediafax.ro (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 4 March 2017. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  27. ^ la rédaction; July, Benoît; Dubuisson, Martine; Cloot, Amandine (27 February 2016). "Un des hommes les plus recherchés d'Europe a été arrêté à Paris" [Un des hommes les plus recherchés d'Europe has been arrested in Paris]. Le Soir (in French). Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  28. ^ Ghitcuta, Gabriela (1 August 2016). "APADOR-CH se delimitează de cererea de grațiere a lui Gregorian Bivolaru". Mediafax.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  29. ^ Paulescu, Isabela (8 August 2016). Simionescu, Mihai (ed.). "Sibiu: Liderul spiritual al MISA, Gregorian Bivolaru, cere redeschiderea procesului pentru că." [Sibiu: MISA's spiritual leader, Gregorian Bivolaru, demands the reopening of the trial because..]. www.agerpres.ro (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 9 August 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
  30. ^ "Gregorian Bivolaru, victorie in instanta in dosarul de trafic de persoane si acte sexuale cu minori. Ce a decis Tribunalul" [Gregorian Bivolaru, victory in court in the case of human trafficking and sexual acts with minors. What the Tribunal decided]. Stirileprotv.ro (in Romanian). 10 November 2016. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  31. ^ Brumar, Marinela (8 March 2017). Dumitru, Diana (ed.). "Apel declarat de Gregorian Bivolaru, respins de CA Alba Iulia" [Appeal filed by Gregorian Bivolaru, rejected by the Alba Iulia Court of Appeal]. www.agerpres.ro (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 21 September 2020. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
  32. ^ Țucui, Tina (13 September 2017). Jalbă, Nona (ed.). "Bistrița-Năsăud: Fondatorul MISA, Gregorian Bivolaru, va fi eliberat condiționat din." [Bistrița-Năsăud: MISA founder, Gregorian Bivolaru, will be released on parole from...]. www.agerpres.ro (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 10 August 2022. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
  33. ^ Florea, Daniel Alexandru (24 September 2017). Tatu, Cristina (ed.). "MISA: Mandatul emis de Finlanda pentru Bivolaru, nou abuz flagrant; avea dreptul să." www.agerpres.ro (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 30 October 2017. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
  34. ^ "BIVOLARU, Gregorian". Europe's most wanted. 22 September 2017. Archived from the original on 26 November 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
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  36. ^ a b Sources for 'arrested in 2023':
  37. ^ a b Nadal, Thibault (2 December 2023). "Secte internationale de yoga : six personnes dont le gourou Gregorian Bivolaru écrouées" [Douz personnes interpellées à Nice dans le cadre d'un coup de filet visant une secte internationale yoga]. actu.fr (in French). Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  38. ^ AP (29 November 2023). "France arrests yoga guru Gregorian Bivolaru on suspicion of indoctrinating followers for sexual exploitation". CBS News. Associated Press. Retrieved 11 June 2024.
  39. ^ Gregorian Bivolaru a fost arestat în Franța pentru viol și trafic de persoane on YouTube, Digi24HD, 28 November 2023.
  40. ^ Rabino, Thomas (1 December 2023). "Secte internationale de yoga Misa : la très tardive arrestation du gourou roumain Bivolaru" [International yoga sects Misa: la très tardive arrest du gourou roumain Bivolaru]. Marianne (in French). Retrieved 12 May 2024.
  41. ^ a b c d e f g h Rabino, Thomas (6 October 2024). "Nouvelles arrestations, salons de massages sulfureux : l'enquête sur la secte Misa est loin d'être terminée" [New arrests, shady massage parlors: the investigation into the MISA sect is far from over]. Marianne (in French). Retrieved 24 October 2024.
  42. ^ AP (2 December 2023). "A yoga leader promised followers enlightenment. But he's now accused of sexual abuse". EL PAÍS English. Archived from the original on 3 December 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
  43. ^ CNN (4 December 2023). "French police arrest yoga guru Gregorian Bivolaru following year-long investigation". 9News. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  44. ^ a b c d Liboux, Tiphaine Le; Daudin, Guillaume; Hecker, Jurgen (28 November 2023). "France arrests guru, 40 others in raids on yoga sect". Yahoo News. Archived from the original on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  45. ^ Rabino, Thomas (28 February 2024). "Secte de yoga Misa : traductrice, stripteaseuse, actrice X… qui sont les six personnes placées en détention ?". Marianne (in French). Retrieved 2 March 2024.
  46. ^ Szaniecki, Maya; Tanno, Sophie (3 December 2023). "French police arrest yoga guru in connection with alleged rape, human trafficking and kidnapping scheme". CNN. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
  47. ^ Seckel, Henri (24 March 2024). "The downfall of a yogi-guru accused of rape and human trafficking in France". Le Monde. Retrieved 25 March 2024. At the eight locations they visited, the police found 58 women – 51 of Romanian nationality, none French – "living in difficult conditions, with severe overcrowding and no privacy,"
  48. ^ La rédaction; Galliano, Eric; Cirone, Christophe (11 April 2024). "Flacons d'urine, photos de femmes dénudées, DVD pornos... L'antre nauséabond du bras droit du gourou Bivolaru sur les hauteurs de Nice" [Bottles of urine, photos of naked women, porn DVDs... The nauseating lair of the right arm of the guru Bivolaru on the heights of Nice]. Nice-Matin (in French). Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  49. ^ Gheorghe, Ștefania (9 December 2024). ""Am vrut să cred că orice făceau, chiar dacă mi se părea dezgustător, era pentru un scop spiritual pe care nu-l puteam înțelege". Mărturia unei femei care a făcut parte din mișcarea lui Gregorian Bivolaru" ["I wanted to believe that whatever they did, even if it seemed disgusting to me, was for a spiritual purpose that I could not understand." Testimony of a woman who was part of Gregorian Bivolaru's movement]. HotNews.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 10 December 2024.
  50. ^ Dumitrescu, Radu (29 November 2023). "French police detains Romanian fugitive cult leader Gregorian Bivolaru". Romania Insider. Retrieved 10 December 2024.
  51. ^ a b Sources for 'Germany 2024':
  52. ^ La rédaction; Cirone, Christophe (1 May 2024). "Nouveau coup de filet dans la secte de yoga tantrique: la femme d'un lieutenant du gourou interpellée près de Nice" [New raid on the tantric yoga sect: the wife of a lieutenant of the guru arrested near Nice]. Monaco-Matin (in French). Retrieved 2 May 2024.
  53. ^ Țimonea, Dorin (12 May 2024). "Gregorian Bivolaru primește daune morale în România, deși este inculpat în Franța pentru trafic de persoane, răpire și viol. Motivul: procedura penală care a durat 17 ani" [Gregorian Bivolaru receives moral damages in Romania, although he is indicted in France for human trafficking, kidnapping and rape. The reason: the criminal procedure that lasted 17 years]. Libertatea (in Romanian). Retrieved 13 May 2024.
  54. ^ AFP - Agence France Presse (18 September 2024). "Georgia Reviews French Extradition Request For Couple In Controversial Sect Case". Barron's. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
  55. ^ a b Sudouest.fr avec AFP (18 September 2024). "Géorgie : arrestation de responsables présumés d'une secte de yoga, leur extradition en France « examinée »" [Georgia: Arrest of suspected leaders of a yoga sect, their extradition to France “examined”]. SudOuest.fr (in French). Retrieved 18 September 2024.
  56. ^ La rédaction (30 November 2023). "Secte de yoga tantrique: une maison de l'arrière-pays de Nice où étaient organisées des "orgies" au cœur de l'enquête". Nice-Matin (in French). Retrieved 23 November 2024.
  57. ^ SudOuest.fr avec AFP (2 December 2023). "Violences sexuelles dans un mouvement sectaire de yoga : 15 personnes mises en examen, six écrouées". SudOuest.fr (in French). Retrieved 18 September 2024.
  58. ^ Le HuffPost avec AFP (1 December 2023). "Le gourou d'une secte de yoga, soupçonné de viols, mis en examen et écroué" [Yoga sect guru suspected of rape indicted and imprisoned]. Le HuffPost (in French). Retrieved 8 June 2024.
  59. ^ Ram, Arun (3 June 2011). "European cult that mixes yoga with sex sets up base in Tamil Nadu". The Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
  60. ^ Le Monde with AFP (28 November 2023). "France dismantles international yoga cult, guru and 40 others arrested". Le Monde. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  61. ^ n-tv NACHRICHTEN (28 November 2023). "Guru von Yoga-Sex-Sekte in Frankreich festgenommen" [Guru of Yoga Sex Sect Arrested in France]. n-tv.de (in German). Retrieved 15 December 2023.
  62. ^ Terriennes; Mourgere, Isabelle; avec AFP (29 November 2023). "Agressions sexuelles sur fond de yoga tantrique : un gourou interpellé en France" [Sexual assaults against the backdrop of tantric yoga: a guru arrested in France]. TV5MONDE - Informations (in French). Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  63. ^ a b c d Intensive Yoga Course. MISA. n.d. – via INFORM, King's College London.
  64. ^ a b c d Intensive Tantra Course. MISA. 2008–2010 – via INFORM, King's College London.
  65. ^ Vojtíšek 2018.
  66. ^ a b Introvigne 2022, pp. 27–29.
  67. ^ Bivolaru, Gregorian (2010). Stoian, Mihai; Stoian, Adina (eds.). The secret tantric path of love: to happiness and fulfillment in a couple relationship. Copenhagen: Natha Publishing House. ISBN 978-8792526007. OCLC 767467325.
  68. ^ Three Initiates (1908). The Kybalion: A Study of the Hermetic Philosophy of Ancient Egypt and Greece. Masonic Temple, Chicago, Illinois: The Yogi Publication Society.
  69. ^ a b c Sokala, Hannu (12 October 2009). "MOT: The dark side of a tantric cult. Transcript in English". Yle, Finnish Broadcasting Company. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  70. ^ La Gaceta News (29 August 2011). "Polémica en Capilla del Monte por el porno-yoga" [Controversy in Capilla del Monte over porn-yoga]. La Gaceta (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  71. ^ Lupu, Georgiana (30 August 2011). "Bivolarul s-a mutat cu MISA în Argentina. Locuitorii unui orășel sunt șocați de adepții care se droghează, fac sex în grup și se integrează în absolut". Mediafax.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  72. ^ La Nazione (7 December 2012). "Yoga e violenze sessuali, nei guai "guru" e suoi presunti seguaci". La Nazione (in Italian). Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  73. ^ Neagu, Alina (8 December 2012). "Italia: Fondatorul MISA Gregorian Bivolaru, anchetat pentru pornografie, orgii sexuale si sclavie" [Italy: MISA founder Gregorian Bivolaru investigated for pornography, sexual orgies and slavery]. HotNews.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  74. ^ Introvigne, Massimo (2022). Sacred Eroticism, Tantra and Eros in the Movement for Spiritual Integration into the Absolute. Mimesis International. p. 7. ISBN 978-3540632931.
  75. ^ a b Danileț, Cristi (24 February 2021). "Procesul penal cu practicanții yoga s-a finalizat" [Criminal trial of yoga practitioners concluded]. vedemjust.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 25 January 2024.
  76. ^ Rabino, Thomas (29 December 2023). "Médecins, concertistes, boulanger... l'étrange sociologie de la secte du gourou Bivolaru" [Doctors, concert performers, bakers... the strange sociology of the sect of the guru Bivolaru]. Marianne (in French). Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  77. ^ Sources for 'operating principle':
  78. ^ a b c d Sources for Comaroni's views:
  79. ^ Stan, Filip (4 June 2014). "Dispărut, dar cu conturile pline. Guru Bivolaru face milioane de dolari anual" [Disappeared, but with full accounts. Guru Bivolaru makes millions of dollars annually]. Romania TV (in Romanian). Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  80. ^ a b c d e f g "The Bad Guru: 4. The Guru". BBC. 9 December 2024. Retrieved 5 February 2025.
  81. ^ Cristescu, George-Andrei (29 November 2023). "Coșmarul fetelor abuzate de Gregorian Bivolaru. "Nu aveam pașaport sau telefon, nimeni nu știa unde sunt și eram în lenjerie intimă"" [The nightmare of the girls abused by Gregorian Bivolaru. "I had no passport or phone, no one knew where I was and I was in my underwear"]. Adevărul (in Romanian). Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  82. ^
  83. ^ Levy, Maxime (16 January 2025). ""Aujourd'hui, je l'appellerai un viol": une victime de Misa, secte de yoga tantrique, raconte son calvaire". www.rtl.fr (in French). Retrieved 17 January 2025.
  84. ^ "smotoci" [beat]. dexonline (in Romanian). Retrieved 5 December 2023.
  85. ^ Axinescu, Ionuț (1 March 2016). "Cine e Gregorian Bivolaru, guru român al sexului și liderul MISA" [Who is Gregorian Bivolaru, Romanian sex guru and leader of MISA?]. VICE (in Romanian). Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  86. ^ "Guru Bivolaru indeamna adeptii MISA sa voteze cu Gusa" [Guru Bivolaru urges MISA followers to vote with Gusa]. Ziare.com (in Romanian). 21 May 2008. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
  87. ^ a b Hertel, Olivier (12 December 2023). "L'homme qui a contribué à faire tomber la secte de yoga tantrique". Le Point (in French). Retrieved 14 December 2023.
  88. ^ a b Popeanga, Lidia; Racoviceanu, Alecu (28 January 2005). "Minorele lui Gregorian Bivolaru, transformate in sclave" [Gregorian Bivolaru's minors, transformed into slaves]. HotNews.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  89. ^ "Declaratia ei poate decide soarta liderului MISA. Marturisirile fostei iubite a lui Bivolaru" [Her statement may decide the fate of the MISA leader. Confessions of Bivolaru's ex-girlfriend]. Stirileprotv.ro (in Romanian). 28 May 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  90. ^ Hunter, Brad (10 December 2023). "Yoga guru allegedly forced teens into lesbian orgies, sex with him". Toronto Sun. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
  91. ^ Farcis, Sébastien (29 November 2023). "TEMOIGNAGE. "J'avais peur, je me sentais piégée" : l'une des victimes de la secte internationale de yoga tantrique dénonce des scènes de viols" [TESTIMONY. "I was afraid, I felt trapped": one of the victims of the international tantric yoga sect denounces scenes of rape]. Franceinfo (in French). Retrieved 14 December 2023.
  92. ^ Popescu, Alina (29 November 2023). "Mărturii șocante ale femeilor păcălite de Gregorian Bivolaru, arestat în Franța: "Îmi spuneam că trebuie să-l văd drept ființă divină"" [Shocking testimonies of women fooled by Gregorian Bivolaru, arrested in France: "I told myself I had to see him as a divine being"]. Digi24 (in Romanian). Retrieved 12 May 2024.
  93. ^ a b Redacția (14 February 2013) [9 February 2013]. "Yoga si orgii sexuale pe vremea lui Ceausescu. Documentele secrete ale Securitatii". Ziarul de Iași (in Romanian). Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  94. ^ Costache, Alina (9 February 2013). "Yoga și orgii sexuale pe vremea lui Ceaușescu. Documentele secrete ale Securității" [Yoga and sexual orgies during the Ceaușescu era. Secret Securitate documents]. Romania TV (in Romanian). Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  95. ^ Dragu, Magda (27 February 2016). "Cecilia Tiz, fostă membră MISA: "Bivolaru este un om bolnav, care are nevoie de tratament"" [Cecilia Tiz, former MISA member: "Bivolaru is a sick man who needs treatment"]. Libertatea (in Romanian). Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  96. ^ a b Sources for 'pleaded legally insane':
  97. ^ AFP (23 March 2016). "Adulé et détesté, le gourou roumain du yoga Gregorian Bivolaru face à la justice française" [Adored and hated, Romanian yoga guru Gregorian Bivolaru faces French justice]. Le Point (in French). Retrieved 24 May 2024. 'Il est devenu parano, il se méfie de tout', justifie son autre avocat Me Dominique Tricaud.
  98. ^ Sources for 'Jesus Christ':
  99. ^ Țimonea, Dorin (6 November 2023). "Guru Gregorian Bivolaru primește 50.000 euro daune de la Statul român pentru judecata care a durat 17 ani" [Guru Gregorian Bivolaru receives 50,000 euros in damages from the Romanian State for the trial that lasted 17 years]. adevarul.ro. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
  100. ^ Baldovin, Nora (7 November 2023). "Românii îi vor plăti 50.000 de euro gurului Gregorian Bivolaru, pentru că a fost judecat 17 ani și apoi, în final, a fost achitat" [Romanians will pay 50,000 euros to guru Gregorian Bivolaru, because he was tried for 17 years and then, in the end, was acquitted]. b1tv.ro. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
  101. ^ Pană, Mălina (6 November 2023). "Gregorian Bivolaru primește 50.000 euro daune de la Statul român. Instanța i-a dat dreptate lui Guru" [Gregorian Bivolaru receives 50,000 euros in damages from the Romanian State. The court ruled in Guru's favor]. mediaflux.ro. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
  102. ^ "MISA, despre cazul Bivolaru: "Justitia nu trebuie sa fie izvor de nedreptate. Dosarul sau, declansat la comanda politica"" [MISA, on the Bivolaru case: "Justice must not be a source of injustice. His case, triggered by political order"]. stirileprotv.ro. 23 February 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
  103. ^ "MISA, comunicat după arestarea lui Gregorian Bivolaru în Franța: "Justiția franceză să-și urmeze cursul, suntem convinși că în final adevărul va triumfa"" [MISA, statement after the arrest of Gregorian Bivolaru in France: "Let French justice take its course, we are convinced that in the end the truth will triumph"]. TransilvaniaTV.ro. 30 November 2023. Archived from the original on 21 February 2024. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
  104. ^ Neagu, Alina (11 February 2015). "Gregorian Bivolaru, achitat de Tribunalul Cluj in dosarul de trafic de persoane" [Gregorian Bivolaru acquitted by Cluj Court in the human trafficking case]. hotnews.ro. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
  105. ^ Farcis, Sébastien (22 November 2024). "La défense mégalomane du gourou tantrique Gregorian Bivolaru accusé de viols : «Jésus a eu des ennemis, moi aussi»" [Megalomaniac Defense of Tantric Guru Gregorian Bivolaru Accused of Rape: "Jesus Had Enemies, So Did I"]. Libération (in French). Retrieved 22 November 2024.
  106. ^ a b Sources for 'media campaign':
  107. ^ Andreescu, Gabriel (29 July 2015). "O excepțională decizie judecătorească despre reprimarea MISA" [An exceptional court decision on the repression of MISA]. Observator cultural (in Romanian). Retrieved 25 January 2024.
  108. ^ Fagan, Brian; Durrani, Nadia (2019). "Three. The Big Bang. Lie Back". What We Did in Bed: A Horizontal History. Yale University Press. p. 52. ISBN 978-0-300-24501-1. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
  109. ^ Sources for 'sex with a thousand virgins':
  110. ^ a b Lawrence, Stewart J. (31 October 2012). "European Yoga Porn 'Cult' Establishes a U.S. Beachhead: Where Is the Outrage?". HuffPost. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
  111. ^ Bivolaru, Gregorian (1995). Francmasoneria: misterele dezvăluite ale unei gigantice conspirații satanice planetare [Freemasonry: The Revealed Mysteries of a Giant Planetary Satanic Conspiracy] (in Romanian). Shambala. p. 7. ISBN 978-973-96658-1-0. OCLC 895702364. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  112. ^ Bivolaru, Gregorian (2013). Vindecări ce au fost posibile prin intervenția directă a unor ființe benefice extraterestre [Healings that were possible through the direct intervention of beneficial extraterrestrial beings] (in Romanian). Shambala. ISBN 9786068408415. OCLC 953011967.
  113. ^ "Spirala MISA de la Costinesti. La 7:07 s-a facut legatura cu extraterestrii" [MISA spiral from Costinesti. At 7:07 contact was made with extraterrestrials]. Stirileprotv.ro (in Romanian). 28 August 2010 [27 August 2010]. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  114. ^ Sources for 'drinking urine':
  115. ^ Vojtíšek, Zdeněk (28 November 2018). "Yoga, tantrism, and persecution: MISA, a new religious movement in social conflict". Central European Journal for Contemporary Religion. 2 (2): 123–141. doi:10.14712/25704893.2018.7 (inactive 1 November 2024). ISSN 2570-4893.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
  116. ^ Lewis, Charlie (27 September 2024). "'There's no going back': A survivor's story of a cult's manipulation and exploitation". Crikey. Retrieved 27 September 2024.

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