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osa

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "osa"
Languages (31)
Translingual
Cebuano • Czech • Estonian • Finnish • French • Galician • Ingrian • Irish • Italian • Japanese • Latin • Latvian • Limos Kalinga • Malagasy • Mansaka • Northern Ndebele • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old Galician-Portuguese • Polish • Serbo-Croatian • Slovak • Slovene • Southern Ndebele • Spanish • Swazi • Swedish • Tagalog • Tsuut'ina • Võro • Zulu
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Translingual

Symbol

osa

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Osage.

Cebuano

Etymology

From usa, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀsa, compare Dupaningan Agta ogsa and Malay rusa.

Noun

osa

  1. deer

Czech

Czech Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia cs

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *osь. Cognates include Polish oś, Slovak os and German Achse.

Pronunciation

Noun

osa f

  1. axis (of symmetry or rotation)
    osa souměrnosti ― axis of symmetry
    osa otáčení ― axis of rotation
  2. axis (of a coordinate system)
    osa x ― x-axis
    vodorovná osa ― horizontal axis
    svislá osa ― vertical axis

Declension

Declension of osa (hard feminine)
singular plural
nominative osa osy
genitive osy os
dative ose osám
accusative osu osy
vocative oso osy
locative ose osách
instrumental osou osami

Derived terms

adjectives
nouns

Further reading

  • “osa”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
  • “osa”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
  • “osa”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *osa, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *ońća. Cognates include Finnish osa and Hungarian oszt.

Noun

osa (genitive osa, partitive osa)

  1. part

Declension

Declension of osa (ÕS type 17i/pesa, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative osa osad
accusative nom.
gen. osa
genitive osade
partitive osa osi
osasid
illative ossa
osasse 		osadesse
osisse
inessive osas osades
osis
elative osast osadest
osist
allative osale osadele
osile
adessive osal osadel
osil
ablative osalt osadelt
osilt
translative osaks osadeks
osiks
terminative osani osadeni
essive osana osadena
abessive osata osadeta
comitative osaga osadega

Derived terms

Compounds

See also

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *osa, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *ońća, borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hónćos (later *Hánćas),[1] from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ónḱos. Cognates include Estonian osa and possibly Hungarian ágyék.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈosɑ/, [ˈo̞s̠ɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -osɑ
  • Hyphenation(key): osa

Noun

osa

  1. part (fraction of a whole)
    Koko Gallia on jaettu kolmeen osaan.
    (All of) Gaul is divided into three parts.
    suurimmaksi osaksi ― for the most part
    suurin osa ― bulk, majority, most
    Suurimmalla osalla ystävistäni on auto.
    Most of my friends have a car.
    (literally, “The largest part of my friends have a car.”)
    Suurin osa vastaajista/vastaajia oli samaa mieltä.
    Most respondents agreed.
    (literally, “The largest part of the respondents were of the same opinion.”)
    Osa heistä oli eri mieltä.
    Some of them disagreed.
    (literally, “A part of them were of a different opinion.”)
  2. part (distinct element of something larger); piece (one of many very similar or identical elements)
    varaosa ― part / spare part
    yksi osa tästä palapelistä puuttuu ― one piece of this puzzle is missing
    purkaa osiin ― to dismantle
  3. one/a -th, one/a third, one/a fourth, etc. (used to express fractions by means of an ordinal number as the modifier; see usage notes)
    kolmasosa ― one / a third
    kaksi kolmasosaa ― two thirds
    neljäskymmenesseitsemäsosa ― one forty-seventh
  4. part (unit of relative proportion in a mixture)
    kolme osaa giniä ja yksi osa vermuttia
    three parts gin and one part vermouth
  5. part (section of a document)
  6. role, part (position or role in a play, film, etc.)
    sivuosa ― supporting role
  7. part (part of a larger whole); piece (when removable)
    Olen osa ihmiskuntaa.
    I am a part of humanity.
    Haluan tämän osan.
    I want this piece.
  8. proportion, section, part (quantity of something that is part of the whole amount or number)
    En tarkoita kaikkia ystäviäsi - vain pientä osaa heistä.
    I don't mean all of your friends - only a few of them.
  9. partition, portion, division (separated part of anything)
  10. bit, part (individual contribution toward an overall effort)
    Olen tehnyt osani.
    I have done my bit.
  11. (sports, in the plural) bit (fraction of a second)
    Hänen aikansa oli 47 sekuntia ja osia.
    His time was 47 seconds and bits.
  12. lot, portion (part, or fate, that falls to one without planning)
  13. share (portion of something, especially a portion given or allotted to someone)
  14. volume, tome (single book of a publication issued in multi-book format)
    tietosanakirjan kolmas osa ― the third volume of the encyclopedia
  15. episode, installment (part of a published or broadcast serial)
    Tämä jatkokertomus muuttuu mielenkiintoisemmaksi osa osalta.
    This serial story grows in more interesting with each successive installment.
  16. (music) movement (large division of a larger composition)
  17. (as modifier) partial
    osatotuus ― partial truth

Usage notes

  • (fractions): In common language, one (and specifically one) third, fourth, etc. is more commonly expressed by using -s (kolmas → kolmannes, neljäs → neljännes). "half" is expressed with a different word altogether, puoli (which is used in the plural, puolet, when talking about one half of something, and in singular chiefly only when talking about an abstract quantity). In mathematics, fractions are practically always expressed with osa, as is done when the numerator is not one (as in one of the usage examples).

Declension

Inflection of osa (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative osa osat
genitive osan osien
partitive osaa osia
illative osaan osiin
singular plural
nominative osa osat
accusative nom. osa osat
gen. osan
genitive osan osien
osain rare
partitive osaa osia
inessive osassa osissa
elative osasta osista
illative osaan osiin
adessive osalla osilla
ablative osalta osilta
allative osalle osille
essive osana osina
translative osaksi osiksi
abessive osatta ositta
instructive — osin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of osa (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative osani osani
accusative nom. osani osani
gen. osani
genitive osani osieni
osaini rare
partitive osaani osiani
inessive osassani osissani
elative osastani osistani
illative osaani osiini
adessive osallani osillani
ablative osaltani osiltani
allative osalleni osilleni
essive osanani osinani
translative osakseni osikseni
abessive osattani osittani
instructive — —
comitative — osineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative osasi osasi
accusative nom. osasi osasi
gen. osasi
genitive osasi osiesi
osaisi rare
partitive osaasi osiasi
inessive osassasi osissasi
elative osastasi osistasi
illative osaasi osiisi
adessive osallasi osillasi
ablative osaltasi osiltasi
allative osallesi osillesi
essive osanasi osinasi
translative osaksesi osiksesi
abessive osattasi osittasi
instructive — —
comitative — osinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative osamme osamme
accusative nom. osamme osamme
gen. osamme
genitive osamme osiemme
osaimme rare
partitive osaamme osiamme
inessive osassamme osissamme
elative osastamme osistamme
illative osaamme osiimme
adessive osallamme osillamme
ablative osaltamme osiltamme
allative osallemme osillemme
essive osanamme osinamme
translative osaksemme osiksemme
abessive osattamme osittamme
instructive — —
comitative — osinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative osanne osanne
accusative nom. osanne osanne
gen. osanne
genitive osanne osienne
osainne rare
partitive osaanne osianne
inessive osassanne osissanne
elative osastanne osistanne
illative osaanne osiinne
adessive osallanne osillanne
ablative osaltanne osiltanne
allative osallenne osillenne
essive osananne osinanne
translative osaksenne osiksenne
abessive osattanne osittanne
instructive — —
comitative — osinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative osansa osansa
accusative nom. osansa osansa
gen. osansa
genitive osansa osiensa
osainsa rare
partitive osaansa osiaan
osiansa
inessive osassaan
osassansa 		osissaan
osissansa
elative osastaan
osastansa 		osistaan
osistansa
illative osaansa osiinsa
adessive osallaan
osallansa 		osillaan
osillansa
ablative osaltaan
osaltansa 		osiltaan
osiltansa
allative osalleen
osallensa 		osilleen
osillensa
essive osanaan
osanansa 		osinaan
osinansa
translative osakseen
osaksensa 		osikseen
osiksensa
abessive osattaan
osattansa 		osittaan
osittansa
instructive — —
comitative — osineen
osinensa

Synonyms

Derived terms

adjectives
adverbs
nouns
phrases
verbs
compounds

References

  1. ^ Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “osa”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja‎[1] (in Finnish), retrieved 2024-01-01

Further reading

Anagrams

French

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /o.za/
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

osa

  1. third-person singular past historic of oser

Anagrams

Galician

Etymology 1

From Latin ursa (“female bear”).

Pronunciation

Noun

osa m (plural osas)

  1. female bear

Etymology 2

Cognate with Spanish huesa.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

osa f (plural osas)

  1. grave, sepulture

References

  1. ^ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “fosa”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *osa. Cognates include Finnish osa and Estonian osa.

Pronunciation

Noun

osa

  1. part, share
    • 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎[3], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 3:
      Osa iƶoroist veel nytkii kutsuu itsiätä karjalaisiks.
      Some Ingrians even now still call themselves Karelians.
      (literally, “A part from the Ingrians now still call themselves Karelians.”)

Declension

Declension of osa (type 3/koira, no gradation, gemination)
singular plural
nominative osa osat
genitive osan ossiin
partitive ossaa ossia
illative ossaa ossii
inessive osas osis
elative osast osist
allative osalle osille
adessive osal osil
ablative osalt osilt
translative osaks osiks
essive osanna, ossaan osinna, ossiin
exessive1) osant osint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Synonyms

Derived terms

References

  • V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎[4], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 42
  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 366

Irish

Pronunciation

Noun

osa m pl

  1. vocative plural of os

Mutation

Mutated forms of osa
radical eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
osa n-osa hosa not applicable

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Italian

Etymology 1

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

osa f sg

  1. feminine singular of oso

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

osa

  1. inflection of osare:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Anagrams

Japanese

Romanization

osa

  1. Rōmaji transcription of おさ

Latin

Participle

ōsa

  1. inflection of ōsus:
    1. nominative/vocative feminine singular
    2. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

Participle

ōsā

  1. ablative feminine singular of ōsus

References

Latvian

Etymology

Cognate with Lithuanian ąsà.

Noun

osa f (4th declension)

  1. handle (part of a cup which is held in the hand when used or moved)
  2. ear (part of a cup which is held in the hand when used or moved)

Declension

Declension of osa (4th declension)
singular (vienskaitlis) plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs) osa osas
accusative (akuzatīvs) osu osas
genitive (ģenitīvs) osas osu
dative (datīvs) osai osām
instrumental (instrumentālis) osu osām
locative (lokatīvs) osā osās
vocative (vokatīvs) osa osas

Limos Kalinga

Etymology

From Proto-Philippine [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *isa, *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *isa, *əsa, *asa.

Numeral

osa (osá)

  1. one

Malagasy

Adjective

osa

  1. feeble; weak
  2. cowardly

Mansaka

Etymology

From usa, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀsa, compare Malay rusa.

Noun

osa

  1. deer

Northern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jòkia.

Verb

-osa

  1. to roast, to burn

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Unknown. Related to or derived from os m (“fume, smoke; stench”).

Alternative forms

  • ose (e and split infinitives)

Verb

osa (present tense osar/oser, past tense osa/oste, past participle osa/ost, passive infinitive osast, present participle osande, imperative osa/os)

  1. (intransitive) to have a strong smell, odour
  2. (intransitive) to reek (av / of)
  3. (intransitive, figurative) to reek (av / of) (to be evidently associated with something unpleasant)
  4. (intransitive) to emit fumes, smoke

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Alternative forms

Noun

osa n

  1. definite plural of os

References

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

Already attested by Isidore of Seville in the 6th century. From Proto-Germanic *husǭ (“coverings, leggings, trousers”),[1] from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”). Cognate with English hose.

Pronunciation

Noun

osa f (plural osas)

  1. (usually in the plural) leggings, high boots, spat
  2. (usually in the plural) a tax paid to the feudal lord when marrying
    Coordinate term: loitosa

References

  1. ^ Xaime Varela Sieiro (2003) Léxico cotián na alta idade media de Galicia: o enxoval (in Galician), A Coruña: Ediciós do Castro, page 123

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl
osa (wasp)

Pronunciation

 
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɔsa
  • Syllabification: o‧sa

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *osa.

Noun

osa f (related adjective osi)

  1. wasp (insect)
    Osa użądliła ją w udo. ― A wasp stung her in the thigh.
Declension
Declension of osa
singular plural
nominative osa osy
genitive osy os/ós
dative osie osom
accusative osę osy
instrumental osą osami
locative osie osach
vocative oso osy

Etymology 2

Back-formation from osika.

Noun

osa f (related adjective osowy)

  1. (Far Masovian) Synonym of osika

Further reading

  • osa in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • osa in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Stanisław Ciszewski (1909) “osa”, in “Przyczynek do słownika gwary mazowieckiej”, in Prace Filologiczne (in Polish), volume 7, z. 1, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page 208

Serbo-Croatian

Serbo-Croatian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sh

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *osa.

Noun

òsa f (Cyrillic spelling о̀са)

  1. wasp
Declension
Declension of osa
singular plural
nominative òsa / ósa ose
genitive ose osa
dative osi osama
accusative osu ose
vocative oso ose
locative osi osama
instrumental osom osama
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *osь.

Alternative forms

Noun

ȏsa f (Cyrillic spelling о̑са)

  1. (Bosnia, Serbia) axis
Declension
Declension of osa
singular plural
nominative ȏsa ȏse
genitive ȏse ósa
dative osi osama
accusative osu ose
vocative oso ose
locative osi osama
instrumental osom osama

Slovak

Slovak Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sk

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *osa.

Pronunciation

Noun

osa f (related adjective osí, diminutive osička)

  1. wasp

Declension

Declension of osa (pattern žena)
singularplural
nominativeosaosy
genitiveosyôs
dativeoseosám
accusativeosuosy
locativeoseosách
instrumentalosouosami

Further reading

Slovene

Slovene Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sl

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *osa.

Pronunciation

Noun

ósa f

  1. wasp (insect)

Inflection

 The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Feminine, a-stem
nom. sing. ôsa
gen. sing. ôse
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		ôsa ôsi ôse
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		ôse ôs ôs
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		ôsi ôsama ôsam
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		ôso ôsi ôse
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		ôsi ôsah ôsah
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		ôso ôsama ôsami
The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Feminine, a-stem, long mixed accent
nom. sing. ôsa
gen. sing. osé
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		ôsa osé osé
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		osé osá osá
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		ôsi osáma osàm
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		osó osé osé
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		ôsi osàh osàh
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		osó osáma osámi

Further reading

  • “osa”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
  • “osa”, in Termania, Amebis
  • See also the general references

Southern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jòkia.

Verb

-osa

  1. to grill, to roast, to toast

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Spanish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈosa/ [ˈo.sa]
  • Rhymes: -osa
  • Syllabification: o‧sa

Etymology 1

From Old Spanish ossa, from Latin ursa, feminine of ursus (“bear”).

Noun

osa f (plural osas)

  1. female equivalent of oso (“bear”); she-bear, sow, female bear
Derived terms

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

osa

  1. inflection of osar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

Swazi

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jòkia.

Verb

-ósa

  1. to grill, to roast, to toast

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Swedish

Etymology

From os (“bad smell”).

Pronunciation

Verb

osa (present osar, preterite osade, supine osat, imperative osa)

  1. to smell, to reek
    Han osade av svett
    He reeked of sweat

Conjugation

Conjugation of osa (weak)
Active Passive
Infinitive osa —
Supine osat —
Imperative osa —
Imper. plural1 osen —
Present Past Present Past
Indicative osar osade — —
Ind. plural1 osa osade — —
Subjunctive2 ose osade — —
Participles
Present participle osande
Past participle osad
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

Derived terms

See also

Interjection

osa

  1. Abbreviation of om svar anhålles (“RSVP”).

References

Anagrams

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish osa, from Old Spanish ossa, from Latin ursa.

Pronunciation

Noun

osa (feminine osa, Baybayin spelling ᜂᜐ)

  1. female equivalent of oso: she-bear

Tsuut'ina

Pronunciation

Noun

ósà

  1. drum
  • ósà
    ósà

References

Võro

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *osa, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *ońća.

Noun

osa (genitive osa, partitive ossa)

  1. part

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

Zulu

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jòkia.

Verb

-osa

  1. to roast, to toast, to fry
  2. to roast, to grill, to admonish

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive ukosa
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukosa ukungosi
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular yosa -ose
Plural yosani -oseni
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyosa, ngosa engosayo, engosa ngosa angosi engingosi ngingosi
2nd singular uyosa, wosa owosayo, owosa wosa awosi ongosi ungosi
1st plural siyosa, sosa esosayo, esosa sosa asosi esingosi singosi
2nd plural niyosa, nosa enosayo, enosa nosa anosi eningosi ningosi
Class 1 uyosa, wosa owosayo, owosa osa akosi ongosi engosi
Class 2 bayosa, bosa abosayo, abosa bosa abosi abangosi bengosi
Class 3 uyosa, wosa owosayo, owosa wosa awosi ongosi ungosi
Class 4 iyosa, yosa eyosayo, eyosa yosa ayosi engosi ingosi
Class 5 liyosa, losa elosayo, elosa losa alosi elingosi lingosi
Class 6 ayosa, osa osayo, osa osa awosi angosi engosi
Class 7 siyosa, sosa esosayo, esosa sosa asosi esingosi singosi
Class 8 ziyosa, zosa ezosayo, ezosa zosa azosi ezingosi zingosi
Class 9 iyosa, yosa eyosayo, eyosa yosa ayosi engosi ingosi
Class 10 ziyosa, zosa ezosayo, ezosa zosa azosi ezingosi zingosi
Class 11 luyosa, losa olosayo, olosa losa alosi olungosi lungosi
Class 14 buyosa, bosa obosayo, obosa bosa abosi obungosi bungosi
Class 15 kuyosa, kosa okosayo, okosa kosa akosi okungosi kungosi
Class 17 kuyosa, kosa okosayo, okosa kosa akosi okungosi kungosi
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngosile, ngosē engosile, engosē ngosile, ngosē angosanga engingosanga ngingosanga
2nd singular wosile, wosē owosile, owosē wosile, wosē awosanga ongosanga ungosanga
1st plural sosile, sosē esosile, esosē sosile, sosē asosanga esingosanga singosanga
2nd plural nosile, nosē enosile, enosē nosile, nosē anosanga eningosanga ningosanga
Class 1 wosile, wosē owosile, owosē osile, osē akosanga ongosanga engosanga
Class 2 bosile, bosē abosile, abosē bosile, bosē abosanga abangosanga bengosanga
Class 3 wosile, wosē owosile, owosē wosile, wosē awosanga ongosanga ungosanga
Class 4 yosile, yosē eyosile, eyosē yosile, yosē ayosanga engosanga ingosanga
Class 5 losile, losē elosile, elosē losile, losē alosanga elingosanga lingosanga
Class 6 osile, osē osile, osē osile, osē awosanga angosanga engosanga
Class 7 sosile, sosē esosile, esosē sosile, sosē asosanga esingosanga singosanga
Class 8 zosile, zosē ezosile, ezosē zosile, zosē azosanga ezingosanga zingosanga
Class 9 yosile, yosē eyosile, eyosē yosile, yosē ayosanga engosanga ingosanga
Class 10 zosile, zosē ezosile, ezosē zosile, zosē azosanga ezingosanga zingosanga
Class 11 losile, losē olosile, olosē losile, losē alosanga olungosanga lungosanga
Class 14 bosile, bosē obosile, obosē bosile, bosē abosanga obungosanga bungosanga
Class 15 kosile, kosē okosile, okosē kosile, kosē akosanga okungosanga kungosanga
Class 17 kosile, kosē okosile, okosē kosile, kosē akosanga okungosanga kungosanga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngōsa engōsa ngōsa angosanga engingosanga ngingosanga
2nd singular wōsa owōsa wōsa awosanga ongosanga ungosanga
1st plural sōsa esōsa sōsa asosanga esingosanga singosanga
2nd plural nōsa enōsa nōsa anosanga eningosanga ningosanga
Class 1 wōsa owōsa ōsa akosanga ongosanga engosanga
Class 2 bōsa abōsa bōsa abosanga abangosanga bengosanga
Class 3 wōsa owōsa wōsa awosanga ongosanga ungosanga
Class 4 yōsa eyōsa yōsa ayosanga engosanga ingosanga
Class 5 lōsa elōsa lōsa alosanga elingosanga lingosanga
Class 6 ōsa ōsa ōsa awosanga angosanga engosanga
Class 7 sōsa esōsa sōsa asosanga esingosanga singosanga
Class 8 zōsa ezōsa zōsa azosanga ezingosanga zingosanga
Class 9 yōsa eyōsa yōsa ayosanga engosanga ingosanga
Class 10 zōsa ezōsa zōsa azosanga ezingosanga zingosanga
Class 11 lōsa olōsa lōsa alosanga olungosanga lungosanga
Class 14 bōsa obōsa bōsa abosanga obungosanga bungosanga
Class 15 kōsa okōsa kōsa akosanga okungosanga kungosanga
Class 17 kōsa okōsa kōsa akosanga okungosanga kungosanga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingosa — ngingosa ngingose — ngingose
2nd singular ungosa — ungosa ungose — ungose
1st plural singosa — singosa singose — singose
2nd plural ningosa — ningosa ningose — ningose
Class 1 angosa — engosa angose — engose
Class 2 bangosa — bengosa bangose — bengose
Class 3 ungosa — ungosa ungose — ungose
Class 4 ingosa — ingosa ingose — ingose
Class 5 lingosa — lingosa lingose — lingose
Class 6 angosa — engosa angose — engose
Class 7 singosa — singosa singose — singose
Class 8 zingosa — zingosa zingose — zingose
Class 9 ingosa — ingosa ingose — ingose
Class 10 zingosa — zingosa zingose — zingose
Class 11 lungosa — lungosa lungose — lungose
Class 14 bungosa — bungosa bungose — bungose
Class 15 kungosa — kungosa kungose — kungose
Class 17 kungosa — kungosa kungose — kungose
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizokosa engizokosa ngizokosa angizukosa engingezukosa ngingezukosa
2nd singular uzokosa ozokosa uzokosa awuzukosa ongezukosa ungezukosa
1st plural sizokosa esizokosa sizokosa asizukosa esingezukosa singezukosa
2nd plural nizokosa enizokosa nizokosa anizukosa eningezukosa ningezukosa
Class 1 uzokosa ozokosa ezokosa akazukosa ongezukosa engezukosa
Class 2 bazokosa abazokosa bezokosa abazukosa abangezukosa bengezukosa
Class 3 uzokosa ozokosa uzokosa awuzukosa ongezukosa ungezukosa
Class 4 izokosa ezokosa izokosa ayizukosa engezukosa ingezukosa
Class 5 lizokosa elizokosa lizokosa alizukosa elingezukosa lingezukosa
Class 6 azokosa azokosa ezokosa awazukosa angezukosa engezukosa
Class 7 sizokosa esizokosa sizokosa asizukosa esingezukosa singezukosa
Class 8 zizokosa ezizokosa zizokosa azizukosa ezingezukosa zingezukosa
Class 9 izokosa ezokosa izokosa ayizukosa engezukosa ingezukosa
Class 10 zizokosa ezizokosa zizokosa azizukosa ezingezukosa zingezukosa
Class 11 luzokosa oluzokosa luzokosa aluzukosa olungezukosa lungezukosa
Class 14 buzokosa obuzokosa buzokosa abuzukosa obungezukosa bungezukosa
Class 15 kuzokosa okuzokosa kuzokosa akuzukosa okungezukosa kungezukosa
Class 17 kuzokosa okuzokosa kuzokosa akuzukosa okungezukosa kungezukosa
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyokosa engiyokosa ngiyokosa angiyukosa engingeyukosa ngingeyukosa
2nd singular uyokosa oyokosa uyokosa awuyukosa ongeyukosa ungeyukosa
1st plural siyokosa esiyokosa siyokosa asiyukosa esingeyukosa singeyukosa
2nd plural niyokosa eniyokosa niyokosa aniyukosa eningeyukosa ningeyukosa
Class 1 uyokosa oyokosa eyokosa akayukosa ongeyukosa engeyukosa
Class 2 bayokosa abayokosa beyokosa abayukosa abangeyukosa bengeyukosa
Class 3 uyokosa oyokosa uyokosa awuyukosa ongeyukosa ungeyukosa
Class 4 iyokosa eyokosa iyokosa ayiyukosa engeyukosa ingeyukosa
Class 5 liyokosa eliyokosa liyokosa aliyukosa elingeyukosa lingeyukosa
Class 6 ayokosa ayokosa eyokosa awayukosa angeyukosa engeyukosa
Class 7 siyokosa esiyokosa siyokosa asiyukosa esingeyukosa singeyukosa
Class 8 ziyokosa eziyokosa ziyokosa aziyukosa ezingeyukosa zingeyukosa
Class 9 iyokosa eyokosa iyokosa ayiyukosa engeyukosa ingeyukosa
Class 10 ziyokosa eziyokosa ziyokosa aziyukosa ezingeyukosa zingeyukosa
Class 11 luyokosa oluyokosa luyokosa aluyukosa olungeyukosa lungeyukosa
Class 14 buyokosa obuyokosa buyokosa abuyukosa obungeyukosa bungeyukosa
Class 15 kuyokosa okuyokosa kuyokosa akuyukosa okungeyukosa kungeyukosa
Class 17 kuyokosa okuyokosa kuyokosa akuyukosa okungeyukosa kungeyukosa
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngose ngingosi
2nd singular wose ungosi
1st plural sose singosi
2nd plural nose ningosi
Class 1 ose angosi
Class 2 bose bangosi
Class 3 wose ungosi
Class 4 yose ingosi
Class 5 lose lingosi
Class 6 ose angosi
Class 7 sose singosi
Class 8 zose zingosi
Class 9 yose ingosi
Class 10 zose zingosi
Class 11 lose lungosi
Class 14 bose bungosi
Class 15 kose kungosi
Class 17 kose kungosi
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngosa ngangosa, angosa, angangosa
2nd singular wosa wangosa, awosa, awangosa
1st plural sosa sangosa, asosa, asangosa
2nd plural nosa nangosa, anosa, anangosa
Class 1 wosa wangosa, akosa, akangosa
Class 2 bosa bangosa, abosa, abangosa
Class 3 wosa wangosa, awosa, awangosa
Class 4 yosa yangosa, ayosa, ayangosa
Class 5 losa langosa, alosa, alangosa
Class 6 osa angosa, awosa, awangosa
Class 7 sosa sangosa, asosa, asangosa
Class 8 zosa zangosa, azosa, azangosa
Class 9 yosa yangosa, ayosa, ayangosa
Class 10 zosa zangosa, azosa, azangosa
Class 11 losa lwangosa, alosa, alwangosa
Class 14 bosa bangosa, abosa, abangosa
Class 15 kosa kwangosa, akosa, akwangosa
Class 17 kosa kwangosa, akosa, akwangosa

Derived terms

References

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