Nelson Mandela

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Nelson Mandela


Lâm-hui chóng-thóng
Jīm-kî 1994 nî 5 goe̍h 10 ji̍t – 1999 nî 6 goe̍h 14 ji̍t
Hù-chhiú	Thabo Mbeki (1994–1999) F. W. de Klerk (1994–1996)
Chêng-jīm	F. W. de Klerk (kok-ka chóng-thóng)
Kè-jīm	Thabo Mbeki
Kò-jîn chu-sìn
Chhut-sì	1918 nî 7 goe̍h 18 ji̍t(1918-07-18) Lâm-hui Liân-pang Cape Séng Mvezo
Kòe-sin	2013 nî 12 goe̍h 5 ji̍t (95 hòe) Lâm-hui-kok Gauteng Séng Johannesburg
Chhiam-miâ

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (1918 nî 7 goe̍h 18 ji̍t – 2013 nî 12 goe̍h 5 ji̍t) sī chhut-sin Lâm-hui Transkei ê kek-bēng-ka, chèng-tī-ka kiam chû-siān-ka. Mandela pī khòaⁿ chò sī Lâm-hui ê kok-hū. 1993 nî chì 1997 nî nî-kan chhut-jīm Lâm-hui Chóng-thóng; Mandela sī tē-it ūi keng-iû bîn-chú phó͘-soán soán-chhut ê Lâm-hui goân-siú. Mandela tī jīm-lāi tì-le̍k chāi hòe-tî Lâm-hui tn̂g-nî ê chéng-cho̍k keh-lī chè-tō͘ kap si̍t-hiān chéng-cho̍k chi-kan ê hô-kái, pēng-chhiáⁿ siau-tî sàn-chhiah hām put-kong. Sin-ûi Hui-chiu kok-ka-chú-gī hām bîn-chú siā-hōe-chú-gī chiá, Mandela tī 1990 chì 1997 nî-kan chhut-jīm Hui-chiu Bîn-cho̍k Gī-hōe ê chú-se̍k; 1997 chì 1999 nî chhut-jīm Hui-tông-bêng ê pì-su-tiúⁿ.

hián lūn pian Nobel Hô-pêng Chióng tit-chióng-jîn

1901–1925	1901 Henry Dunant / Frédéric Passy 1902 Élie Ducommun / Charles Gobat 1903 Randal Cremer 1904 Kok-chè Hoat-ha̍k-hoē 1905 Bertha von Suttner 1906 Theodore Roosevelt 1907 Ernesto Moneta / Louis Renault 1908 Klas Arnoldson / Fredrik Bajer 1909 A. M. F. Beernaert / Paul Estournelles de Constant 1910 Kok-chè Hô-pêng-kio̍k 1911 Tobias Asser / Alfred Fried 1912 Elihu Root 1913 Henri La Fontaine 1914 1915 1916 1917 Âng-si̍p-jī Kok-chè Úi-oân-hōe 1918 1919 Woodrow Wilson 1920 Léon Bourgeois 1921 Hjalmar Branting / Christian Lange 1922 Fridtjof Nansen 1923 1924 1925 Austen Chamberlain / Charles Dawes

1926–1950	1926 Aristide Briand / Gustav Stresemann 1927 Ferdinand Buisson / Ludwig Quidde 1928 1929 Frank B. Kellogg 1930 Nathan Söderblom 1931 Jane Addams / Nicholas Butler 1932 1933 Norman Angell 1934 Arthur Henderson 1935 Carl von Ossietzky 1936 Carlos Saavedra Lamas 1937 Robert Cecil 1938 Nansen Kok-chè Lān-bîn Pāng-kong-sek 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 Âng-si̍p-jī Kok-chè Úi-oân-hōe 1945 Cordell Hull 1946 Emily Balch / John Mott 1947 Eng-kok Kàu-iú-hoē / Bí-kok Kàu-iú-hoē 1948 1949 John Boyd Orr 1950 Ralph Bunche

1951–1975	1951 Léon Jouhaux 1952 Albert Schweitzer 1953 George Marshall 1954 Liân-ha̍p-kok Ko-kip Lān-bîn Sū-bū-só͘ 1955 1956 1957 Lester B. Pearson 1958 Georges Pire 1959 Philip Noel-Baker 1960 Albert Lutuli 1961 Dag Hammarskjöld 1962 Linus Pauling 1963 Âng-si̍p-jī Kok-chè Úi-oân-hōe / Kok-chè Âng-si̍p-jī kap Âng-sin-goe̍h Liân-bêng 1964 Martin Luther King, Jr. 1965 Liân-ha̍p-kok Jî-tông Ki-kim-hōe 1966 1967 1968 René Cassin 1969 Kok-chè Lô-tōng cho͘-chit 1970 Norman Borlaug 1971 Willy Brandt 1972 1973 Lê Đức Thọ (kū-choa̍t thê-miâ) / Henry Kissinger 1974 Seán MacBride / Satô Eisaku 1975 Andrei Sakharov

1976–2000	1976 Betty Williams / Mairead Corrigan 1977 Amnesty International 1978 Anwar Sadat / Menachem Begin 1979 Teresa Siu-lú 1980 Adolfo Pérez Esquivel 1981 Liân-ha̍p-kok Ko-kip Lān-bîn Sū-bū-só͘ 1982 Alva Myrdal / Alfonso García Robles 1983 Lech Wałęsa 1984 Desmond Tutu 1985 Kok-chè I-su Ī-hông Hu̍t-chú Chiàn-cheng Hoē 1986 Elie Wiesel 1987 Óscar Arias 1988 Liân-ha̍p-kok Î-chhî Hô-pêng Pō͘-tūi 1989 Tenzin Gyatso (Dalai Lama 14-sè) 1990 Mikhail Gorbachyov 1991 Aung San Suu Kyi 1992 Rigoberta Menchú 1993 Nelson Mandela / F. W. de Klerk 1994 Shimon Peres / Yitzhak Rabin / Yasser Arafat 1995 Pugwash Hoē-gī / Joseph Rotblat 1996 Carlos Belo / José Ramos-Horta 1997 Kok-chè Kìm-chí Tē-lûi Cho͘-chit / Jody Williams 1998 John Hume / David Trimble 1999 Bô-kok-kài I-seng 2000 Kim Dae-jung

2001–taⁿ	2001 Kofi Annan / Liân-ha̍p-kok 2002 Jimmy Carter 2003 Shirin Ebadi 2004 Wangari Maathai 2005 Kok-chè Goân-chú Lêng-goân Ki-kò͘ / Mohamed ElBaradei 2006 Grameen Gîn-hâng / Muhammad Yunus 2007 Al Gore / Chèng-hú-kan Khì-hāu Piàn-hoà Choan-ka Úi-oân-hoē 2008 Martti Ahtisaari 2009 Barack Obama 2010 Lâu Hiáu-pho 2011 Ellen Johnson Sirleaf / Leymah Gbowee / Tawakkol Karman 2012 Au-chiu Liân-bêng 2013 Kìm-chí Hoà-ha̍k Bú-khì Cho͘-chit 2014 Kailash Satyarthi / Malala Yousafzai 2015 Choân-kok Tùi-oē Sù-hng Chi̍p-thoân 2016: Juan Manuel Santos 2017: Kok-chè Hùi-tû He̍k-bú-khì Ūn-tōng 2018: Denis Mukwege / Nadia Murad 2019: Abiy Ahmed 2020: Sè-kài Niû-si̍t Kè-ōe 2021: Maria Ressa / Dmitry Muratov 2022: Ales Bialiatski / Memorial / Kong-bîn Chū-iû Tiong-sim 2023: Narges Mohammadi 2024: Nihon Hidankyo

hián lūn pian Sakharov Chióng tit-chióng-jîn

Mandela / Marchenko (1988) Dubček (1989) Aung San Suu Kyi (1990) Demaçi (1991) Plaza de Mayo ê A-bú (1992) Oslobođenje (1993) Nasrin (1994) Zana (1995) Gūi Keng-seng (1996) Ghezali (1997) Rugova (1998) Gusmão (1999) ¡Basta Ya! (2000) Peled-Elhanan / Ghazzawi / Kamwenho (2001) Payá (2002) Annan / Liân-ha̍p-kok (2003) Belarus Kì-chiá Hia̍p-hōe (2004) Damas de Blanco / Bô-kok-kài Kì-chiá / Ibrahim (2005) Milinkievič (2006) Osman (2007) Ô͘ Ka (2008) Memorial (2009) Fariñas (2010) Mahfouz / Senussi / Zaitouneh / Farzat / Bouazizi (2011) Sotoudeh / Panahi (2012) Yousafzai (2013) Mukwege (2014) Badawi (2015) Murad / Bashar (2016) Venezuela Bîn-chú Hoán-tùi-phài: Julio Borges / Leopoldo López / Antonio Ledezma / Daniel Ceballos / Yon Goicoechea / Lorent Saleh / Alfredo Ramos / Andrea González (2017) Sentsov (2018) Tohti (2019) Belarus Bîn-chú Hoán-tùi-phài: Hia̍p-tiau Úi-oân-hōe / Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya / Svetlana Alexievich / Maria Kalesnikava / Volha Kavalkova / Veronika Tsepkalo / Siarhei Tsikhanouski / Ales Bialiatski / Sergei Dylevsky / Stsiapan Putsila / Mikola Statkevich (2020) Navalny (2021) Ukraina-lâng (2022) Mahsa Amini kap Cha-bó͘, Seng-oa̍h, Chū-iû ūn-tōng (2023) Machado / González (2024)

hián lūn pian Sî-tāi Nî-tō͘ Hong-hûn Jîn-bu̍t

1927–1950	Charles Lindbergh (1927) Walter Chrysler (1928) Owen D. Young (1929) Mahatma Gandhi (1930) Pierre Laval (1931) Franklin D. Roosevelt (1932) Hugh S. Johnson (1933) Franklin D. Roosevelt (1934) Haile Selassie (1935) Wallis Simpson (1936) Chiúⁿ Kài-se̍k / Sòng Bí-lêng (1937) Adolf Hitler (1938) Iosif Stalin (1939) Winston Churchill (1940) Franklin D. Roosevelt (1941) Iosif Stalin (1942) George Marshall (1943) Dwight D. Eisenhower (1944) Harry S. Truman (1945) James F. Byrnes (1946) George Marshall (1947) Harry S. Truman (1948) Winston Churchill (1949) Bí-kok Kun-tūi (1950)

1951–1975	Mohammad Mosaddegh (1951) Elizabeth 2-sè (1952) Konrad Adenauer (1953) John Foster Dulles (1954) Harlow Curtice (1955) Hungarian Freedom Fighters (1956) Nikita Khrushchev (1957) Charles de Gaulle (1958) Dwight D. Eisenhower (1959) Bí-kok kho-ha̍k-ka: George Beadle / Charles Draper / John Enders / Donald A. Glaser / Joshua Lederberg / Willard Libby / Linus Pauling / Edward Purcell / Isidor Rabi / Emilio Segrè / William Shockley / Edward Teller / Charles Townes / James Van Allen / Robert Woodward (1960) John F. Kennedy (1961) Kàu-hông Ioannes 23-sè (1962) Martin Luther King Jr. (1963) Lyndon B. Johnson (1964) William Westmoreland (1965) 25 sòe í-hā-chi̍t-tāi (1966) Lyndon B. Johnson (1967) Apollo 8 thài-khong-jîn: William Anders / Frank Borman / Jim Lovell (1968) tiong-pō͘ Bí-kok-jîn (1969) Willy Brandt (1970) Richard Nixon (1971) Henry Kissinger / Richard Nixon (1972) John Sirica (1973) King Faisal (1974) Bí-kok ê cha-bó͘-lâng : Susan Brownmiller / Kathleen Byerly / Alison Cheek / Jill Conway / Betty Ford / Ella Grasso / Carla Hills / Barbara Jordan / Billie Jean King / Susie Sharp / Carol Sutton / Addie Wyatt (1975)

1976–2000	Jimmy Carter (1976) Anwar Sadat (1977) Tēng Siáu-pêng (1978) Ayatollah Khomeini (1979) Ronald Reagan (1980) Lech Wałęsa (1981) Tiān-náu (1982) Ronald Reagan / Yuri Andropov (1983) Peter Ueberroth (1984) Deng Xiaoping (1985) Corazon Aquino (1986) Mikhail Gorbachyov (1987) Lîm-kip ê tē-kiû (1988) Mikhail Gorbachyov (1989) George H. W. Bush (1990) Ted Turner (1991) Bill Clinton (1992) Hô-pêng tè-chō-chiá: Yasser Arafat / F. W. de Klerk / Nelson Mandela / Yitzhak Rabin (1993) Kàu-hông Paulus 2-sè (1994) Newt Gingrich (1995) Hô Tāi-it (1996) Andrew Grove (1997) Bill Clinton / Ken Starr (1998) Jeffrey P. Bezos (1999) George W. Bush (2000)

2001–hiān-kim	Rudolph Giuliani (2001) Pò-bé-á: Cynthia Cooper / Coleen Rowley / Sherron Watkins (2002) Bí-kok ê peng-á (2003) George W. Bush (2004) Hó-sim-lâng: Bono / Bill Gates / Melinda Gates (2005) Lí (2006) Vladimir Putin (2007) Barack Obama (2008) Ben Bernanke (2009) Mark Zuckerberg (2010) Khòng-gī-chiá (2011) Barack Obama (2012) Pope Francis (2013) Ebola khòng-kek-chiá: Dr. Jerry Brown / Dr. Kent Brantly / Ella Watson-Stryker / Foday Gollah / Salome Karwah (2014) Angela Merkel (2015) Donald Trump (2016) The Silence Breakers (2017) Jamal Khashoggi / Maria Ressa / Wa Lone / Kyaw Soe Oo / The Capital (2018) Greta Thunberg (2019) Joe Biden / Kamala Harris (2020) Elon Musk (2021) Volodymyr Zelenskyy / Ukraina ê cheng-sîn (2022) Taylor Swift (2023)

Book

Sìn-kù khòng-chè	WorldCat Identities VIAF: 98029748 LCCN: n85153068 ISNI: 0000 0001 2144 7715 GND: 118730541 SELIBR: 74042 SUDOC: 028570804 BNF: cb120379994 (data) BIBSYS: 90135718 ULAN: 500198443 MusicBrainz: 33c3a112-3a62-461a-b02d-763bbe168216 NLA: 35325159 NDL: 00470984 NCL: 001419364 NKC: kup19950000060983 ICCU: CFIV018882 BNE: XX1721566 CiNii: DA06336332

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