Receptorium acetylcholini

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Receptorium acetylcholini, subgenus nicotinicum

Receptoria acetylcholini vel receptoria cholinergica sunt proteina receptoria neurotransmissoris transmembranacea duorum generum, muscarinica (mAChR) enim et nicotinica (nAChR), quae toto in organismo inveniuntur.

Receptoria acetylcholini sunt pars systematis cholinergici. Substratum receptorii est neurotransmissor acetylcholinum (ACh).

Medicamenta effectus receptoriorum cholinergicorum mutare possunt, ut inhibitores acetylcholini esterasis.

Diversi morbi iuxta detrimenta receptoriorum acetylcholini noti sunt, ut myasthenia gravis vel syndroma Lambert-Eaton.

Receptoria in genere

Receptoria neurotransmissoris sunt proteina, quae in superficie cellularum nervalium locatae sunt, quo ea substantias chemicas speciales, neurotransmissores, recipiunt. De consuetudine quoque neurotransmissori receptoria propia attributa sunt, ut neurotransmissori acetylcholini receptoria acetylcholini (vel cholinergica). Ex coniunctione inter neurotransmissorem et receptorium suum generatur signum intracellulare (intraneuronale vel intramusculare). Ita dicitur cellulam nervalem (vel muscularem) per neurotransmissorem loco receptorii stimulari. Stimulatione deinde reactio sequitur:potentialis actionis neuronalis vel contractio muscularis.

Distinguuntur receptoria cholinergica inter nicotinica et muscarinica. Prima sunt canales iontici, secunda vero proteino G copulata.

Receptoria nicotinica

Nomen "nicotinicum" de numero receptorii substratum nicotinum connectendi derivatum est. Receptoria nicotinica (nAChR) tria genera nota sunt: musculi, nervi (α-bungarotoxini-insensibile), nervi (α-bungarotoxini-sensibile). De consuetudine nAChR secundum subunitates suas distinguuntur. In mammaliis 11 notae sunt: (α2, α3, α4, α5, α6, α7, α9, α10, velut β2, β3, β4)^[1].

Unitas neuromuscularis

Receptoria nicotinica sunt proxima translationis iussa cerebri ab nervo ad musculum. Per synapsem chemicam, cum acetylcholino (ACh) neurotransmissore communiter cum receptoriis nicotinicis cholinergicis (nAChR), stimulus ex cerebro oriente electricus in motum musculi (contractionem) transfertur.

Receptoria muscarinica

Conferatur pagina principalis: Receptorium acetylcholini muscarinicum.

Receptoria neurotransmissoris muscarinica (mAChR) sunt receptoria proteino G copulata, quinque nota sunt: M1, M2, M3, M4, M5^[2]. Excitata per neurotransmissorem acetylcholini (ACh) receptorium profecto proteinum G intracellulare in officium vocat.

Notae

↑ Albuquerque E. X., Pereira E. F., Alkondon M., Rogers S. W. (Ian 2009). "Mammalian nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: from structure to function". Physiological reviews 89 (1): 73-120
↑ Haga T. (2013). "Molecular properties of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors". Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences 89 (6): 226-56

Nexus interni

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[1] Albuquerque E. X., Pereira E. F., Alkondon M., Rogers S. W. (Ian 2009). "Mammalian nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: from structure to function". Physiological reviews 89 (1): 73-120

[2] Haga T. (2013). "Molecular properties of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors". Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences 89 (6): 226-56

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